CN112174835A - 一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,公开了一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法和应用,提供了具备高耐热性、高化学稳定性、高电荷迁移率等优异特点的樟脑衍生化合物,及其作为有机物层在有机电致发光器件的应用,应用本发明材料的有机电致发光器件具有优良的空穴迁移率,得到了驱动电压低,光电性能良好、高效率、成本低廉的发光器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,具体涉及一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件性能的好坏取决于材料的选择。从器件的结构考虑,有机电致发光材料一般包括三个部分:电极材料、载流子传输材料和发光材料。
众所周知,芳香胺的衍生物在OLED器件中可作为空穴传输材料、电子传输材料及发光材料,空穴传输材料应与阳极界面具有较低的电离能,同时具备较高的空穴迁移率,从而形成无针孔的薄膜且热稳定良好。常用的空穴传输材料有芳香二胺类、三芳胺类、咔唑类等富电子化合物;电子传输材料具有较大的共轭体系,它们大部分都具有较好的接收电子能力,同时在一定的正向偏压下能有效的传递电子。电子传输材料的电子迁移率较高,具有较高的电子亲和势,对空穴有一定的阻挡作用。常用的电子传输材料有恶二唑类衍生物、嘧啶类衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物等。发光材料是有机电致发光器件的核心材料,它具备以下特点:(1)固体(薄膜)状态下,具有较高的荧光量子效率,荧光光谱主要分布在400-700nm的可见光区域内;(2)具有良好的半导体特性,具有一定的载流子传输性;(3)具有良好的成膜性,易于在真空下制成厚度为几十纳米,均匀、致密、无针孔的薄膜。
有机电致发光具有全固态、光谱宽、亮度高、视角款、厚度薄、可使用柔性基板、工作温度范围宽等优点。目前,基于OLED的显示屏,小尺寸已实现商业化;尽管如此,OLED技术的真正实用化和普及还有很长的路,如何设计新的性能更好的材料进行调节,一直是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种有机电致发光材料及其制备方法和应用,以克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷。本发明提供的有机电致发光材料稳定性能高、成膜性能好,由该化合物制备的有机电致发光器件,表现出高效率、低驱动电压和不易结晶等特点。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种有机电致发光材料,所述有机电致发光材料具有式(Ⅰ)结构:
其中,各A是取代或未取代的式(Ⅱ)结构所形成的基团;
B是由式(Ⅲ)表示的基团;
其中,a、b、c分别为0-1的整数,且3≥a+b+c≥1;例如,a+b+c=1、2或3;
L选自单键、取代或未取代的碳数6-30的亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳数6-30的杂亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的杂环亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚炔基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚炔基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的杂亚环炔基;
Ar1和Ar2各自独立选自:取代或者未取代的环碳原子数为6-30的芳基,取代或者未取代的环碳原子数为5-30的杂芳基;或者
上述Ar1与Ar2之间通过C-C键、C-S-C或C-O-C相连。
本发明中,“相邻的取代能够连接形成环”是指相邻的取代基可以连接形成环,或者相邻的取代基分别单独地存在,不形成环。
本发明中,“Ar1与Ar2之间通过C-C键、C-S-C或C-O-C相连”是指Ar1与Ar2之间可通过单键、S或O连接,以与N原子一起连接成环。例如,Ar1与Ar2分别为芳基,Ar1与Ar2之间相邻的邻位通过C-C键、C-S-C或C-O-C相连。举例来讲,当Ar1为Ar2为Ar1与Ar2之间可通过C-C键与N一起形成
可选地,A是由式(Ⅳ)结构所形成的基团:
本发明中,“A是由式(Ⅳ)结构所形成的基团”是指A是由式(Ⅳ)所示结构失去任意一个环碳上的氢原子所形成的基团。
式(Ⅳ)中,R1表示单取代、多重取代或无取代;当R1代表多重取代时,相邻的取代基能够连接形成环。
需要说明书地是,式(Ⅳ)可以代表式(II)结构上包含若干个取代基R1,取代基R1可以取代式(II)所示结构中的任意一个氢,既可以是环碳上的氢也可以是甲基上的氢。
具体地,式(Ⅳ)中,R1选自以下基团:氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有3-20个环碳原子的环烷基、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的杂烷基、取代或未取代的具有7-30个碳原子的芳烷基、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的烷氧基、取代或未取代的具有6-30个碳原子的芳氧基、取代或未取代的具有2-20个碳原子的烯基、取代或未取代的具有6-30个碳原子的芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-30个碳原子的杂芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-20个碳原子的烷硅基、取代或未取代的具有6-20个碳原子的芳基硅烷基,或者R1选自取代或未取代的具有0-20个碳原子以下基团:胺基、酰基、羰基、羧酸基、酯基、腈基、异腈基、硫基、亚磺酰基、磺酰基或膦基。
可选地,A选自以下基团所组成的组:
进一步地,所述R1、L、Ar1和Ar2的取代基相同或不同,所述的取代基为C1-C30烷基、C1-C30烷氧基、C1-C30烷硫基、氰基、卤素或氨基。
作为R1、L、Ar1和Ar2的取代基,C1-C30烷基例如可以为甲基、乙基、正丙基。
作为R1、L、Ar1和Ar2的取代基,C1-C30烷氧基例如可以为甲氧基、乙氧基。
可选地,在Ar1和Ar2中,所述的芳基为苯基、稠环芳香基或多环芳香基。
本发明中,“多环芳香基”是指分子结构中同时包括苯基和稠环芳香基的芳香基,例如包括:至少两个苯基通过单键连接形成的基团,至少一个苯基与至少一个稠环芳香基通过单键连接形成的基团,至少两个稠环芳香基通过单键连接形成的基团。
可选地,L选自碳数6-30的亚芳基或碳数6-15的杂亚芳基。
进一步可选地,L选自碳数6-18的亚芳基或碳数6-30的杂亚芳基。
可选地,L选自以下基团所组成的组:
可选地,Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自总碳数为6-18的取代或未取代的芳基或总碳数为6-15的取代或未取代的杂芳基。Ar1和Ar2中的取代基例如可以为C1-C4的烷基或C1-C4的烷氧基。
可选地,Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自以下基团所组成的组:
可选地,所述有机电致发光材料选自以下化合物所组成的组:
本发明还提供一种上述有机电致发光材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)向反应装置中依次加入原料Ia、原料Ib和盐酸,搅拌均匀后加入浓硫酸,加热升温至120~140℃后,保温反应4-8h,反应结束后降至60~80℃时,过滤,滤饼水洗烘干,得中间体I,反应方程式如下:
(2)在氮气保护下,依次将中间体I、原料Ic和叔丁醇钠溶于甲苯中,搅拌的同时加热升温至150~160℃,回流2-4h,然后降温至30~40℃,加入Pd2(dba)3和X-phos,继续升温至150~160℃后,保温反应4-6h,反应结束后降至室温,搅拌下倒入水中分液,将水相用甲苯萃取后,将有机相合并,然后采用无水硫酸钠干燥,所得滤液经真空蒸馏得浓缩的有机相,将浓缩的有机相倒入石油醚中,析出固体,经过滤烘干得化合物I,化合物I即为有机电致发光材料,反应方程式如下:
进一步地,步骤(1)中,原料Ia∶原料Ib∶盐酸∶浓硫酸=0.1mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.04-0.08)mol。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,中间体I∶原料Ic∶叔丁醇钠∶Pd2(dba)3∶X-phos=0.1mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.0001-0.0005)mol∶(0.0001-0.0005)mol。
本发明还提供了所述有机电致发光材料在有机电致发光器件上的应用,所述有机电致发光器件包括阳极、阴极以及沉积在阳极和阴极之间的一系列有机层,其中至少一个有机层包含所示有机电致发光材料。
进一步地,所述的有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子输送层以及电子注入层。
进一步地,所述空穴传输层中包含该有机电致发光材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明的材料的特征在于整个化合物结构内具有樟脑和三取代的胺结构,本发明的三芳胺化合物是将空穴注入、空穴输送等特性的各功能性分子进行了樟脑衍生化的化合物,,具备作为有机电致发光元件的材料的较好的低结晶性、玻璃化温度高和高耐热性。樟脑类基团的特征在于,与环烷烃或芳基结构相比,在单一分子结构内,分子构成是非平面的。通常,如具有长链的烷基基团,其非平面化的结构基于分子的旋转运动、振动运动等带来的运动性发生能量的损失。相反,樟脑虽然具有结晶性低的特性,但其结构立体地形成相互坚固的稠环,因此,可以降低分子的运动性,由此具有高耐热性,也可以减少运动带来的能量损失。另外,诸如苯基的芳基结构由于它的离域结构,影响到能量级别,但是樟脑结构((式(II)所示结构)不会对离域引起的能量级别带来影响,并且碳数比苯基多,提高了分子质量,玻璃化温度高,可提高薄膜的稳定性。
本发明的材料可以成功应用于有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层,驱动电压明显低于常用空穴传输材料NPB,并且在低的驱动电压下都具有较高的效率和亮度。在色度及半衰期等方面具有优异的性能,热稳定良好。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施方式做进一步详细描述。
第一方面,一种有机电致发光材料,具有式(Ⅰ)结构:
其中,A是取代或未取代的樟脑基团,樟脑由式(Ⅱ)表示;
B是由式(Ⅲ)表示的基团:
其中,a、b、c分别为0-1的整数,且3≥a+b+c≥1;
L选自单键、取取代或未取代的碳数6-30的亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳数6-30的杂亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的杂环亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚炔基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚炔基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的杂亚环炔基;
Ar1和Ar2各自独自由选自由以下组成的组:取代或者未取代的环碳原子数为6-30的芳基、取代或者未取代的环碳原子数为5-30的杂芳基;或者
上述Ar1与Ar2两两芳基间相邻的邻位可通过C-C键、C-S-C或C-O-C相连。
可选地,结构A具体由式(Ⅳ)表示:
其中,R1表示单取代、多重取代或无取代;当R1代表多重取代时,相邻的取代可以连接形成环;
R1选自以下基团:氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有3-20个环碳原子的环烷基、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的杂烷基、取代或未取代的具有7-30个碳原子的芳烷基、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的烷氧基、取代或未取代的具有6-30个碳原子的芳氧基、取代或未取代的具有2-20个碳原子的烯基、取代或未取代的具有6-30个碳原子的芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-30个碳原子的杂芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-20个碳原子的烷硅基、取代或未取代的具有6-20个碳原子的芳基硅烷基,或者R1选自取代或未取代的具有0-20个碳原子以下基团:胺基、酰基、羰基、羧酸基、酯基、腈基、异腈基、硫基、亚磺酰基、磺酰基或膦基。
第二方面,一种所述有机电致发光材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)向三口反应瓶中依次加入原料Ia、原料Ib和盐酸,开启搅拌,20min后,缓慢向体系加入浓硫酸,开启加热,升温至120~140℃,开始保温反应4-8h,反应结束后降至至约60~80℃时,过滤,滤饼水洗,放入鼓风烘箱烘料(50~55℃,12h),得中间体I;其中,原料Ia∶原料Ib∶盐酸∶浓硫酸=0.1mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.04-0.08)mol,反应方程式如下:
(2)氮气保护下,向三口反应瓶中依次将中间体I、原料Ic、叔丁醇钠溶于甲苯中,开启搅拌,通氮气,升温至回流反应2-4h。降温至30~40℃,加入Pd2(dba)3、X-phos,放热不是太明显,继续升温回流,保温反应4-6h,反应结束后降至室温,搅拌下倒入水中,分液,水相再用甲苯萃取,有机相合并,无水硫酸钠干燥,滤液真空蒸馏得浓缩液,将浓缩的有机相倒入石油醚中,有固体析出,过滤烘干得化合物I,化合物I即为有机电致发光材料;其中,中间体I∶原料Ic∶叔丁醇钠∶Pd2(dba)3∶X-phos=0.1mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.0001-0.0005)mol∶(0.0001-0.0005)mol,反应方程式如下:
第三方面,所述有机电致发光材料在有机电致发光器件上的应用,所述有机电致发光器件包括阳极、阴极以及沉积在阳极和阴极之间的一系列有机层,其中至少一个有机层包含所述有机电致发光材料。例如,一种有机电致发光器件,其包括阳极,阴极,沉积在所述阳极和阴极之间的一系列有机层,其中至少一个所述有机层包含具有式I的化合物,所述的有机物层选自空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子输送层以及电子注入层,其中所述空穴传输层包含具有式I的化合物。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。实施例部分示例性地提供了化合物的制备方法,除非另有说明,所采用的原料可通过商购获得或本领域熟知的方法获得。
实施例1:化合物1及其合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)向三口反应瓶中依次加入0.10mol原料1a、0.1mol原料1b、0.1mol盐酸,开启搅拌,20min后,缓慢向体系加入0.04mol浓硫酸,开启加热,升温至120℃,开始保温反应4h,反应结束后降温至约60℃时,过滤,滤饼用80mL水淋洗,放入鼓风烘箱烘料(50℃,12h),得中间体1,收率90%;反应方程式如下:
(2)在四口反应瓶中依次将0.10mol中间体1、0.1mol原料1c、0.10mol叔丁醇钠溶于甲苯中,开启搅拌,通氮气,升温至回流反应3h。降温至40℃,加入0.0005mol Pd2(dba)3、0.0005mol X-phos,放热不是太明显,继续升温至回流,保温反应4h,反应结束后降温至室温,搅拌下倒入60mL水中,分液,水相每次用甲苯60mL萃取,两次,合并有机相,加入6g无水硫酸钠干燥,滤液真空蒸馏得化合物1,收率85%;反应方程式如下:
化合物1元素含量的计算值C49H43N:C:91.12;H:6.71;N:2.17;实测值:C49H43N:C:91.27;H:6.76;N:1.97。化合物1的核磁数据:1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ(ppm)=8.73-8.69(s,1H),δ(ppm)=8.37-8.25(m,3H),δ(ppm)=8.11-8.05(d,1H)δ(ppm)=7.96-7.89(t,2H),δ(ppm)=7.72-7.48(m,10H),δ(ppm)=7.40-7.33(m,4H),δ(ppm)=6.43-6.41(t,1H),δ(ppm)=6.18-6.12(d,2H),δ(ppm)=2.93-2.87(d,2H),δ(ppm)=2.53-2.49(t,1H),δ(ppm)=1.82-1.31(m,7H),δ(ppm)=0.92-0.84(ds,9H)。
实施例2:化合物2及其合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)向三口反应瓶中依次加入0.10mol原料2a、0.11mol原料2b、0.12mol盐酸,开启搅拌,20min后,缓慢向体系加入0.05mol浓硫酸,开启加热,升温至125℃,开始保温反应6h,反应结束后降温至约65℃时,过滤,滤饼用80mL水淋洗,放入鼓风烘箱烘料(55℃,12h),得中间体2,收率90%;反应方程式如下:
(2)在四口反应瓶中依次将0.10mol中间体2、0.12mol原料2c、0.15mol叔丁醇钠溶于甲苯中,开启搅拌,通氮气,升温至回流反应4h。降温至30℃,加入0.0001molPd2(dba)3、0.0001mol X-phos,放热不是太明显,继续升温至回流,保温反应5h,反应结束后降温至室温,搅拌下倒入60mL水中,分液,水相每次用甲苯60mL萃取,两次,合并有机相,加入6g无水硫酸钠干燥,滤液真空蒸馏得化合物2,收率73%;反应方程式如下:
化合物2元素含量的计算值C38H36N2:C:87.65;H:6.97;N:5.38;实测值:C38H36N2:C:86.67;H:7.05;N:6.28。化合物2的核磁数据:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ(ppm)=11.8-11.72(s,1H),δ(ppm)=8.51-8.47(m,2H),δ(ppm)=8.11-8.03(m,3H)δ(ppm)=7.95-7.88(m,6H),δ(ppm)=7.82-7.65(m,4H),δ(ppm)=7.34-7.29(s,1H),δ(ppm)=7.02-6.91(m,2H),δ(ppm)=2.52-2.49(t,1H),δ(ppm)=1.81-1.29(m,7H),δ(ppm)=0.91-0.83(ds,9H)。
实施例3:化合物3及其合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)向三口反应瓶中依次加入0.10mol原料3a、0.15mol原料3b、0.15mol盐酸,开启搅拌,20min后,缓慢向体系加入0.08mol浓硫酸,开启加热,升温至140℃,开始保温反应6h,反应结束后降至约80℃时,过滤,滤饼用80mL水淋洗,放入鼓风烘箱烘料(53℃,12h),得中间体3,收率86%;反应方程式如下:
(2)在四口反应瓶中依次将0.10mol中间体3、0.13mol原料3c、0.13mol叔丁醇钠溶于甲苯中,开启搅拌,通氮气,升温至回流反应2h。降温至35℃,加入0.0003molPd2(dba)3、0.0003mol X-phos,放热不是太明显,继续升温至回流,保温反应6h,反应结束后降至室温,搅拌下倒入60mL水中,分液,水相每次用甲苯60ml萃取,两次,合并有机相,加入6g无水硫酸钠干燥,滤液真空蒸馏得化合物3,收率75%;反应方程式如下:
化合物3的核磁数据:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ(ppm)=8.65-8.60(s,1H),δ(ppm)=8.47-8.41(d,1H),δ(ppm)=8.06-8.02(s,1H)δ(ppm)=7.97-7.90(m,2H),δ(ppm)=7.88-7.82(d,1H),δ(ppm)=7.59-7.32(m,14H),δ(ppm)=7.24-7.19(t,1H),δ(ppm)=7.01-6.97(s,1H),δ(ppm)=6.58-6.54(d,1H),δ(ppm)=3.81-3.77(s,3H),δ(ppm)=2.53-2.49(t,1H),δ(ppm)=1.81-1.29(m,7H),δ(ppm)=0.91-0.81(ds,9H)。
实施例4:化合物4及其合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料4a,中原料1b替换成原料4b,其余操作与实施例1的步骤(1)相同,得到中间体4,产率70.88%。其化学反应式如下所示:
(2)将实施例1中的中间体1替换成中间体4,中原料1c替换成原料4c其余操作与实施例1的步骤(2)相同,得到化合物4,产率45.88%。其化学反应式如下所示:
实施例5:化合物5及其合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料5a,中原料1b替换成原料5b,其余操作与实施例1的步骤(1)相同,得到中间体5,产率65.21%。其化学反应式如下所示:
(2)将实施例1中的中间体1替换成中间体5,中原料1c替换成原料5c,其余操作与实施例1的步骤(2)相同,得到化合物5,产率43.55%。其化学反应式如下所示:
实施例6
化合物6的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料6a,原料1b替换成原料6b,原料1c替换成原料6c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物6,产率67.09%。
实施例7
化合物7的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料7a,原料1b替换成原料7b,原料1c替换成原料7c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物7,产率58.68%。
实施例8
化合物8的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料8a,原料1b替换成原料8b,原料1c替换成原料8c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物8,产率44.78%。
实施例9
化合物9的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料9a,原料1b替换成原料9b,原料1c替换成原料9c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物9,产率55.38%。
实施例10
化合物10的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料10a,原料1b替换成原料10b,原料1c替换成原料8c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物10,产率45.67%。
实施例11
化合物11的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料11a,原料1b替换成原料11b,原料1c替换成原料11c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物11,产率53.89%。
实施例12
化合物12的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料12a,原料1b替换成原料12b,原料1c替换成原料12c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物12,产率39.56%。
实施例13
化合物13的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料13a,原料1b替换成原料8b,原料1c替换成原料13c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物13,产率46.75%。
实施例14
化合物14的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料14a,原料1b替换成原料14b,原料1c替换成原料14c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物14,产率49.78%。
实施例15
化合物15的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料15a,原料1b替换成原料15b,原料1c替换成原料15c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物15,产率48.36%。
实施例16
化合物16的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料16a,原料1b替换成原料16b,原料1c替换成原料16c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物16,产率54.74%。
实施例17
化合物17的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料17a,原料1b替换成原料17b,原料1c替换成原料17c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物17,产率55.68%。
实施例18
化合物18的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料18a,原料1b替换成原料18b,原料1c替换成原料18c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物18,产率50.18%。
实施例19
化合物8的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料19a,原料1b替换成原料19b,原料1c替换成原料19c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物19,产率56.68%。
实施例20
化合物20的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料20a,原料1b替换成原料20b,原料1c替换成原料20c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物20,产率48.88%。
实施例21
化合物21的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料21a,原料1b替换成原料21b,原料1c替换成原料21c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物21,产率39.88%。
实施例22
化合物22的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料22a,原料1b替换成原料22b,原料1c替换成原料22c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物22,产率47.38%。
实施例23
化合物23的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料23a,原料1b替换成原料23b,原料1c替换成原料23c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物23,产率59.67%。
实施例24
化合物24的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料24a,原料1b替换成原料24b,原料1c替换成原料24c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物24,产率69.68%。
实施例25-62
空穴传输材料化合物25-62的合成方法,将实施例1中原料1a替换成原料(25-62)a,原料1b替换成原料25b至62b,原料1c替换成原料25c至62c,其余操作与实施例1相同,得到化合物25至化合物62,收率为45%-77%。
上述实施例6至62中,原料Ia、原料Ib和原料Ic及化合物I的具体结构见下表1。表1
上述部分原料Ic的制备方法如下:
原料8c的合成:
(1)向反应瓶中加入原料8c-1(0.06mol),原料8c-2(0.05mol),冰醋酸100mL,开启搅拌升温至100-110℃,滴加浓硫酸(0.075mol),滴加完毕后保温反应6h,将反应液缓慢倒入500mL冰水中,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯和石油醚(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶8,体积比)柱层析分离提纯,得到中间体8c-3(0.02mol),收率40%。
(2)氮气保护下,向反应瓶中加入中间体8c-3(0.02mol),原料8c-4(0.022mol),甲苯70ml,叔丁醇钠(0.04mol),开启搅拌升温至100-110℃分水0.5h,降温至80-85℃,加入x-phos(0.0004mol)和Pd2(dba)3(0.0002mol),升温至100-110℃保温反应2h,降温至40-50℃,加入50mL水,萃取,水相再用50ml甲苯萃取,合并有机相水洗2次,干燥,有机相浓缩剩余10mL重结晶,过滤,滤饼干燥,得到8c(0.014mol),收率70%。
其它原料Ic的合成:
参照原料8c的方法合成表3中的各原料Ic,不同的是,将原料8c-1替换为以下表4的Ic-1,原料8c-2替换为表4的Ic-2,原料8c-4替换为表4的Ic-4,主要原料和总收率如表2所示。
表2
应用例1
化合物用作空穴传输材料在有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层中的应用,有机发光器件的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)先依次用蒸馏水、甲醇超声清洗具有氧化铟锡(ITO)电极(第一电极,阳极)的玻璃底板,干燥;
(2)再用氧等离子体清洗5分钟,然后将清洗干净的阳极底板装载到真空沉积设备中;
(3)将空穴注入层化合物2-TNATA真空沉积到ITO电极上形成约50nm厚度的HIL,再将本发明实施例4所得到的化合物4真空蒸镀到空穴注入层上形成约20nm厚度的HTL,然后将主体发光材料BPO和B Alq掺杂剂以96:4的质量比共沉积到空穴传输区域上形成约30nm厚度的发光层EML;
(4)最后依次沉积约20nm厚度的空穴阻挡层DPVBi、约30nm厚度的电子传输层Alq3及约5nm厚度的电子注入层和约50nm厚度的铝,由此;完成有机发光器件的制造。
应用例2-应用例8
应用例2-应用例7中,将应用例1作为空穴传输层的化合物4替换为化合物5、化合物6、化合物7、化合物8、化合物9、化合物10,其余采用与应用例1相同的方法制造有机电致发光器件。
应用例9-应用例16
应用例9-应用例16,将应用例1作为空穴传输层的化合物4替换为表1所示的化合物,其余采用与应用例1相同的方法制造有机电致发光器件。
对比例1至对比例2
对比例1至2中,将应用例1作为空穴传输层的化合物4分别替换为化合物NPB、TBA,其余采用与应用例1相同的方法制造有机电致发光器件。
其中NPB、TBA为现有常用的空穴传输材料,其结构式如下所示:
对如上制得的有机电致发光器件,在15mA/cm2的条件下分析了元件的性能,其结果如表3:
表3有机发光器件的电子发光特性列表
由表3可以看出,本发明的化合物作为空穴传输材料可以成功应用于有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层。驱动电压明显低于常用空穴传输材料NPB、TBA,光亮度(Cd/m2)较常用空穴传输材料NPB、TBA分别最大提高了78%和96%,外量子效率(EQE)较常用空穴传输材料NPB、TBA分别最大提高了48%和60%,驱动电压至少降低了0.5V。与比较例相比,显示了更好的特性,具有低电力高效率的特性。本发明提供了具备高耐热性、高化学稳定性、高电荷迁移率等优异特点的樟脑衍生化合物,及其作为有机物层在有机电致发光器件的应用,应用本发明材料的有机电致发光器件具有优良的空穴迁移率,得到了驱动电压低,光电性能良好、高效率、成本低廉的发光器件。
Claims (10)
1.一种有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光材料具有式(Ⅰ)结构:
其中,各A是取代或未取代的式(Ⅱ)结构所形成的基团;
B是由式(Ⅲ)表示的基团;
其中,a、b、c分别为0-1的整数,且3≥a+b+c≥1;
L选自单键、取代或未取代的碳数6-30的亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳数6-30的杂亚芳基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚烷基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的杂环亚烯基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的亚炔基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的环亚炔基、取代或未取代的碳数2-11的杂亚环炔基;
Ar1和Ar2各自独立选自:取代或者未取代的环碳原子数为6-30的芳基,取代或者未取代的环碳原子数为5-30的杂芳基;或者
上述Ar1与Ar2之间通过C-C键、C-S-C或C-O-C相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,A是由式(Ⅳ)结构所形成的基团:
其中,R1表示单取代、多重取代或无取代;当R1代表多重取代时,相邻的取代基能够连接形成环;
R1选自以下基团:氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有3-20个环碳原子的环烷基、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的杂烷基、取代或未取代的具有7-30个碳原子的芳烷基、取代或未取代的具有1-20个碳原子的烷氧基、取代或未取代的具有6-30个碳原子的芳氧基、取代或未取代的具有2-20个碳原子的烯基、取代或未取代的具有6-30个碳原子的芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-30个碳原子的杂芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-20个碳原子的烷硅基、取代或未取代的具有6-20个碳原子的芳基硅烷基,或者R1选自取代或未取代的具有0-20个碳原子以下基团:胺基、酰基、羰基、羧酸基、酯基、腈基、异腈基、硫基、亚磺酰基、磺酰基或膦基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述R1、L、Ar1和Ar2的取代基相同或不同,所述的取代基为C1-C30烷基、C1-C30烷氧基、C1-C30烷硫基、氰基、卤素或氨基;在Ar1和Ar2中,所述的芳基为苯基、稠环芳香基或多环芳香基。
5.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述的有机电致发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)向反应装置中依次加入原料Ia、原料Ib和盐酸,搅拌均匀后加入浓硫酸,加热升温至120~140℃后,保温反应4-8h,反应结束后降至60~80℃时,过滤,滤饼水洗烘干,得中间体I,反应方程式如下:
(2)在氮气保护下,依次将中间体I、原料Ic和叔丁醇钠溶于甲苯中,搅拌的同时加热升温至150~160℃,回流2-4h,然后降温至30~40℃,加入Pd2(dba)3和X-phos,继续升温至150~160℃后,保温反应4-6h,反应结束后降至室温,搅拌下倒入水中分液,将水相用甲苯萃取后,将有机相合并,然后采用无水硫酸钠干燥,所得滤液经真空蒸馏得浓缩的有机相,将浓缩的有机相倒入石油醚中,析出固体,经过滤烘干得化合物I,化合物I即为所述有机电致发光材料,反应方程式如下:
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,原料Ia∶原料Ib∶盐酸∶浓硫酸=0.1mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.04-0.08)mol。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,中间体I∶原料Ic∶叔丁醇钠∶Pd2(dba)3∶X-phos=0.1mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.10-0.15)mol∶(0.0001-0.0005)mol∶(0.0001-0.0005)mol。
8.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述的有机电致发光材料在有机电致发光器件上的应用,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光器件包括阳极、阴极以及沉积在阳极和阴极之间的一系列有机层,其中至少一个有机层包含有机电致发光材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子输送层以及电子注入层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述空穴传输层中包含该有机电致发光材料。
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