CN112172506A - 动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN112172506A
CN112172506A CN202011112419.8A CN202011112419A CN112172506A CN 112172506 A CN112172506 A CN 112172506A CN 202011112419 A CN202011112419 A CN 202011112419A CN 112172506 A CN112172506 A CN 112172506A
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gear
input shaft
power
rotating speed
motor
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CN112172506B (zh
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谷孝娟
李丽
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Beijing Future Zhiku Automobile Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法。该动力耦合装置包括第一、第二和第三齿轮、第一输入轴、第二输入轴、输出轴、以及第一离合器,其中,第一和第二齿轮分别与第三齿轮啮合;第一输入轴的一端连接第一齿轮,另一端用于连接第一动力装置;第二输入轴的一端通过第一离合器连接第二齿轮,另一端用于连接第二动力装置;输出轴的一端连接第三齿轮,另一端用于连接负载。该动力系统包括上述动力耦合装置、第一和第二动力装置。这种动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法实现了重载爬坡、中速提速快以及轻载高速行驶的动力性需求,省去了昂贵的多档变速系统,减轻了驾驶员的劳动强度和降低了换挡技能要求,系统可靠,简单,成本低。

Description

动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源混合动力技术,更为具体来说,本发明涉及一种动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
混合动力车中,串联式混动系统结构最简单,节油率一般,高速油耗高;并联式混动结构中发动机可与电动机共同参与驱动车辆的工作,能实现高速行驶时的低油耗。并联混合动力车能够实现一次性投入低,经济性好,无续航里程的忧虑,市场前景好。
目前,国内混合动力技术企业突破被日本等国外企业垄断的技术成本很高,技术路线基本延续国外的技术路线,系统复杂性高,可靠性差。
在重型车比如重卡、矿卡等领域,需要昂贵的动力耦合装置,整车成本高且燃油经济差,混合动力系统借用传统的变速系统成本高,档位变换机构复杂,故障率高。
发明内容
本发明创新地提供了一种动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法,动力耦合装置采用非同轴的布置方式,简单可靠。
为实现上述的技术目的,一方面,本发明公开了一种动力耦合装置。所述动力耦合装置包括第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第三齿轮、沿所述第一齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第一输入轴、沿所述第二齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第二输入轴、沿所述第三齿轮的旋转轴延伸的输出轴、以及第一离合器,其中,所述第一齿轮和所述第二齿轮分别与所述第三齿轮啮合;所述第一输入轴的一端连接所述第一齿轮,所述第一输入轴的另一端用于连接第一动力装置;所述第二输入轴的一端通过所述第一离合器连接所述第二齿轮,所述第二输入轴的另一端用于连接第二动力装置;所述输出轴的一端连接所述第三齿轮,所述输出轴的另一端用于连接负载。
进一步地,所述动力耦合装置还包括第四齿轮、沿所述第四齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第三输入轴、以及第二离合器,其中,所述第四齿轮与所述第三齿轮啮合;所述第三输入轴的一端通过所述第二离合器连接所述第四齿轮,所述第三输入轴的另一端用于连接第三动力装置。
进一步地,对于所述动力耦合装置,所述第三齿轮的齿数与所述第四齿轮的齿数之比介于1-7之间。
进一步地,所述动力耦合装置还包括与所述输出轴刚性连接的输出法兰,所述输出轴的输出端通过所述输出法兰与所述负载连接。
进一步地,对于所述动力耦合装置,所述第三齿轮的齿数与所述第一齿轮的齿数之比介于1-5之间,所述第三齿轮的齿数与所述第二齿轮的齿数之比介于1-5之间,所述第一齿轮的齿数与所述第二齿轮的齿数之比介于0.5-1之间。
进一步地,所述动力耦合装置还包括耦合器箱体,所述第一齿轮、所述第二齿轮和所述第三齿轮位于所述耦合器箱体内部,分别通过所述第一输入轴、所述第二输入轴和所述输出轴配合分别套置于所述各轴上的各对应轴承而与所述耦合器箱体连接;所述第一输入轴用于连接所述第一动力装置的一端、所述第二输入轴用于连接所述第二动力装置的一端、以及所述输出轴用于连接所述负载的一端露在所述耦合器箱体外部。
为实现上述的技术目的,另一方面,本发明公开了一种动力系统。所述动力系统包括上述动力耦合装置、所述第一动力装置和所述第二动力装置,其中,所述第一动力装置包括第一电机,所述第一电机与所述第一输入轴连接;所述第二动力装置包括发动机、飞轮和扭矩减震器,所述发动机通过所述飞轮和所述扭矩减震器与所述第二输入轴连接。
进一步地,对于所述动力系统,当所述动力耦合装置还包括第四齿轮、沿所述第四齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第三输入轴、以及第二离合器时,所述动力系统还包括所述第三动力装置,其中,所述第三动力装置包括第二电机,所述第二电机与所述第三输入轴连接。
为实现上述的技术目的,又一方面,本发明公开了一种上述动力系统的控制方法。所述控制方法包括:当第二齿轮的转速小于发动机的怠速转速或预设的启动转速且电池电量大于第一门限值时或者当扭矩需求不大于预设扭矩门限值时,第一离合器断开,第一电机输出全部所需扭矩值;当第二齿的轮转速大于发动机的高效工作区或大于发动机最高转速时,第一离合器断开,第一电机输出全部所需扭矩值;当第二齿轮的转速小于发动机的怠速转速或预设的启动转速且电池电量不大于第一门限值时或者当扭矩需求大于预设扭矩门限值时,发动机启动。
进一步地,对于所述控制方法,当所述动力耦合装置还包括第四齿轮、沿所述第四齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第三输入轴、以及第二离合器时,所述控制方法还包括:当第四齿轮的转速介于第二电机的高效区间或小于最低转速阈值时,第二电机处于调速模式,转速目标为第四齿轮转速,第二电机调速,当第二电机的转速和第四齿轮的转速之差小于预设的转速差阈值时,第二离合器闭合,第二电机进入扭矩状态,根据扭矩指令输出扭矩;当第二齿轮的转速小于第一转速阈值时,第一电机和第二电机同时输出扭矩,80%的扭矩分配给第二电机;当第四齿轮的转速大于预设转速阈值时,第二电机零扭矩输出,第二离合器断开,发动机根据当前转速和发动机万有特性曲线,确定发动机扭矩值介于最高效区,第一电机的扭矩值等于需求扭矩值和发动机扭矩值之差。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明实施例提供的动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法实现了重载爬坡、中速提速快以及轻载高速行驶的动力性需求,省去了昂贵的多档变速系统,减轻了驾驶员的劳动强度和降低了换挡技能要求,系统可靠,简单,成本低。另外,灵活的速比配置和合理的扭矩分配方案使系统工作在高效区,使用成本低。
附图说明
图中,
图1为本发明实施例1提供的动力耦合装置的结构示意图;
图2为本发明一个示例提供的实施例1的动力耦合装置各部件容纳在耦合器箱体内时的结构示意图;
图3为本发明实施例4提供的动力耦合装置的结构示意图;
图4为本发明一个示例提供的实施例4的动力耦合装置各部件容纳在耦合器箱体内时的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图对本发明提供的动力耦合装置、动力系统及其控制方法进行详细的解释和说明。
图1为本发明实施例1提供的动力耦合装置的结构示意图。如图1所示,该实施例提供的动力耦合装置包括第一齿轮110、第二齿轮120和第三齿轮130、沿第一齿轮110的旋转轴延伸的第一输入轴140、沿第二齿轮120的旋转轴延伸的第二输入轴150、沿第三齿轮130的旋转轴延伸的输出轴160、以及第一离合器170。第一齿轮110和第二齿轮120分别与第三齿轮130啮合。第一输入轴140的一端连接第一齿轮110,第一输入轴140的另一端用于连接第一动力装置。第二输入轴150的一端通过第一离合器170连接第二齿轮120,第二输入轴150的另一端用于连接第二动力装置。输出轴160的一端连接第三齿轮130,输出轴160的另一端用于连接负载。齿轮可以使用斜齿轮,也可以选用直齿轮。第一齿轮110、第二齿轮120和第三齿轮130的旋转轴平行但不重合。
该实施例的动力耦合装置还可以包括与输出轴160刚性连接的输出法兰180,输出轴160的输出端通过输出法兰180与负载连接。
第三齿轮130的齿数Z3与第一齿轮110的齿数Z1之比可以介于1-5之间,优选为介于3-4之间。第三齿轮130的齿数Z3与第一齿轮110的齿数Z1之比与车辆的最高车速、主减速比和电机的最高转速相关,同时需要兼顾最大爬坡度对动力的需求,例如第三齿轮130的齿数Z3与第一齿轮110的齿数Z1之比为4。第三齿轮130的齿数Z3与第二齿轮120的齿数Z2之比可以介于1-5之间,优选为介于4-5之间。第三齿轮130的齿数Z3与第二齿轮120的齿数Z2之比与车辆的最高车速、主减速比和电机的最高转速相关,同时需要兼顾最大爬坡度对动力的需求,例如第三齿轮130的齿数Z3与第二齿轮120的齿数Z2之比为5。第一齿轮110的齿数Z1与第二齿轮的齿数Z2之比可以介于0.5-1之间。
图2为本发明一个示例提供的实施例1的动力耦合装置各部件容纳在耦合器箱体内时的结构示意图。如图2所示,该实施例的动力耦合装置还可以包括耦合器箱体100。第一齿轮110、第二齿轮120和第三齿轮130位于耦合器箱体100内部,分别通过第一输入轴140、第二输入轴150和输出轴160配合分别套置于各个轴上的相应各个轴承而与耦合器箱体100连接。第一输入轴140用于连接第一动力装置的一端、第二输入轴150用于连接第二动力装置的一端、以及输出轴160用于连接负载的一端露在耦合器箱体100外部。作为一种可选实施方式,第一输入轴140和第二输入轴150在耦合器箱体100的同一侧,而输出轴160在耦合器箱体100的另一侧。作为另一种可选实施方式,可以根据需要将第一输入轴140、第二输入轴150和输出轴160都布置在耦合器箱体100同一侧,也可以根据需要布置成第一输入轴140和输出轴160在耦合器箱体100同一侧而第二输入轴150在另一侧或者布置成第二输入轴150和输出轴160在耦合器箱体100同一侧而第一输入轴140在另一侧。
该实施例的动力耦合装置采用非同轴的布置方式,结构简单,输入和输出之间的速比灵活配置,可以使两个输入轴的动力源工作在最优的效率区,实现经济性和节能效果。
本发明实施例2提供一种动力系统,该实施例的动力系统包括实施例1的动力耦合装置、第一动力装置和第二动力装置。第一动力装置可以包括第一电机,第一电机的输出轴与第一输入轴140连接,第一电机的壳体相对于耦合器箱体100固定。第二动力装置可以包括发动机、飞轮和扭矩减震器,发动机的输出轴通过飞轮和扭矩减震器与第二输入轴150连接,发动机的缸体和动力耦合装置的耦合器箱体100相对固定。动力耦合装置的输出轴160可以通过输出法兰180与负载连接。电机和发动机可以共同工作,解决续航里程忧虑。
本发明实施例3提供的实施例2的动力系统的控制方法可以包括如下步骤:当第二齿轮120的转速低于发动机的怠速转速或预设的启动转速且电池电量大于第一门限值时或者当扭矩需求不大于预设扭矩门限值时,第一离合器170断开,第一电机输出全部所需扭矩值;当第二齿轮120的转速大于发动机的高效工作区或大于发动机最高转速时,第一离合器170断开,第一电机输出全部所需扭矩值;当第二齿轮120的转速小于发动机的怠速转速或预设的启动转速且电池电量不大于第一门限值时或者当扭矩需求大于预设扭矩门限值时,第一离合器170闭合,发动机启动。
该动力系统中,第一电机工作在全车速范围内,在电池允许充电的范围内和第一电机扭矩大于需求值时,充分发挥第一电机在低速的恒扭矩特性,弥补发动机在低转速区域扭矩低、油耗大的缺点,同时,避开了发动机高转速时噪声大的缺点,发挥第一电机的速度范围大的优势;当发动机符合启动条件或需求扭矩大于一定值时,启动发动机,发动机和第一电机同时工作。
上述实施例的动力耦合装置简单且容易实现,成本低。合理的变速比和控制策略使发动机和电机工作在高效区,节油率高。
图3为本发明实施例4提供的动力耦合装置的结构示意图。如图3所示,实施例4的动力耦合装置与实施例1的动力耦合装置的区别在于:在实施例1的动力耦合装置的基础上增加了第四齿轮340、沿第四齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第三输入轴350、以及第二离合器360。第四齿轮340与第三齿轮130啮合。第三输入轴350的一端通过第二离合器360连接第四齿轮340,第三输入轴350的另一端用于连接第三动力装置。
第三齿轮130的齿数Z3和第四齿轮340的齿数Z4之比可以介于1-7之间,优选为介于5-6之间。
图4为本发明一个示例提供的实施例4的动力耦合装置各部件容纳在耦合器箱体内时的结构示意图。如图4所示,该实施例的动力耦合装置还可以包括耦合器箱体200。第一齿轮110、第二齿轮120、第三齿轮130和第四齿轮340位于耦合器箱体200内部,分别通过第一输入轴140、第二输入轴150、输出轴160和第三输入轴350配合套置于各个轴上的各个轴承而与耦合器箱体200连接。第一输入轴140用于连接第一动力装置的一端、第二输入轴150用于连接第二动力装置的一端、输出轴160用于连接负载的一端、以及第三输入轴350用于连接第三动力系统的一端露在耦合器箱体200外部。作为一种可选实施方式,第一输入轴140、第二输入轴150和第三输入轴350在耦合器箱体200的同一侧,而输出轴160在耦合器箱体200的另一侧。
本发明实施例5提供一种动力系统,该实施例的动力系统包括实施例4的动力耦合装置、第一动力装置、第二动力装置和第三动力装置。其中,第一动力装置和第二动力装置的结构和连接关系与实施例2的动力系统类似,第三动力装置可以包括第二电机,第二电机与第三输入轴350连接。该实施例的动力系统增加了第三动力源,系统的可靠性提高,合理的速比能够优化低速动力性。
本发明实施例6提供的实施例5的动力系统的控制方法可以包括如下步骤:当第二齿轮120的转速低于发动机的怠速转速或预设的启动转速且电池电量大于第一门限值时或者当扭矩需求不大于预设扭矩门限值时,第一离合器170断开,第一电机输出全部所需扭矩值;当第二齿轮120的转速大于发动机的高效工作区或大于发动机最高转速时,第一离合器170断开,第一电机输出全部所需扭矩值;当第二齿轮120的转速小于发动机的怠速转速或预设的启动转速且电池电量不大于第一门限值时或者当扭矩需求大于预设扭矩门限值时,第一离合器170闭合,发动机启动。当第四齿轮340的转速介于第二电机的高效区间或小于最低转速阈值时,第二电机处于调速模式,转速目标为第四齿轮转速,第二电机调速,当第二电机的转速和第四齿轮的转速之差小于预设的转速差阈值时,第二离合器360闭合,第二电机进入扭矩状态,根据扭矩指令输出扭矩;当第二齿轮120的转速低于第一转速阈值时,第一电机和第二电机同时输出扭矩,80%的扭矩分配给第二电机;当第四齿轮340的转速大于预设转速阈值时,第二电机零扭矩输出,第二离合器360断开,发动机根据当前转速和发动机万有特性曲线,确定发动机扭矩值T1介于最高效区,第一电机的扭矩值T2等于需求扭矩值T3和发动机扭矩值T1之差。
第二电机用于低车速时提升性能。平稳地切入第二电机,能够提高及时舒适性,分配合理的扭矩比例,使第一电机和第二电机工作在高效区,当第二电机工作范围超过其高效区范围或转速范围时,第二电机脱离工作。该实施例的动力系统的控制方法能够满足恶劣路况的起步和爬坡需求,同时提高车辆的中间速度段的加速性能。
上述实施例的动力耦合装置简单且容易实现,成本低。合理的变速比和控制策略使发动机和电机工作在高效区,节油率高。能够满足重载爬坡的大扭矩需求,比如矿卡的工况需求。同时降低了驾驶员频繁换挡的劳动强度。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“本实施例”、“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在至少一个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明实质内容上所作的任何修改、等同替换和简单改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种动力耦合装置,其特征在于,包括第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第三齿轮、沿所述第一齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第一输入轴、沿所述第二齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第二输入轴、沿所述第三齿轮的旋转轴延伸的输出轴、以及第一离合器,其中,
所述第一齿轮和所述第二齿轮分别与所述第三齿轮啮合;
所述第一输入轴的一端连接所述第一齿轮,所述第一输入轴的另一端用于连接第一动力装置;
所述第二输入轴的一端通过所述第一离合器连接所述第二齿轮,所述第二输入轴的另一端用于连接第二动力装置;
所述输出轴的一端连接所述第三齿轮,所述输出轴的另一端用于连接负载。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力耦合装置,其特征在于,还包括第四齿轮、沿所述第四齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第三输入轴、以及第二离合器,其中,
所述第四齿轮与所述第三齿轮啮合;
所述第三输入轴的一端通过所述第二离合器连接所述第四齿轮,所述第三输入轴的另一端用于连接第三动力装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力耦合装置,其特征在于,所述第三齿轮的齿数与所述第四齿轮的齿数之比介于1-7之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的动力耦合装置,其特征在于,还包括与所述输出轴刚性连接的输出法兰,所述输出轴的输出端通过所述输出法兰与所述负载连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的动力耦合装置,其特征在于,所述第三齿轮的齿数与所述第一齿轮的齿数之比介于1-5之间,所述第三齿轮的齿数与所述第二齿轮的齿数之比介于1-5之间,所述第一齿轮的齿数与所述第二齿轮的齿数之比介于0.5-1之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的动力耦合装置,其特征在于,还包括耦合器箱体,
所述第一齿轮、所述第二齿轮和所述第三齿轮位于所述耦合器箱体内部,分别通过所述第一输入轴、所述第二输入轴和所述输出轴配合分别套置于所述各轴上的各对应轴承而与所述耦合器箱体连接;
所述第一输入轴用于连接所述第一动力装置的一端、所述第二输入轴用于连接所述第二动力装置的一端、以及所述输出轴用于连接所述负载的一端露在所述耦合器箱体外部。
7.一种动力系统,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的动力耦合装置、所述第一动力装置和所述第二动力装置,其中,
所述第一动力装置包括第一电机,所述第一电机与所述第一输入轴连接;
所述第二动力装置包括发动机、飞轮和扭矩减震器,所述发动机通过所述飞轮和所述扭矩减震器与所述第二输入轴连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的动力系统,其特征在于,当所述动力耦合装置还包括第四齿轮、沿所述第四齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第三输入轴、以及第二离合器时,所述动力系统还包括所述第三动力装置,其中,
所述第三动力装置包括第二电机,所述第二电机与所述第三输入轴连接。
9.一种如权利要求7或8所述的动力系统的控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
当第二齿轮的转速小于发动机的怠速转速或预设的启动转速且电池电量大于第一门限值时或者当扭矩需求不大于预设扭矩门限值时,第一离合器断开,第一电机输出全部所需扭矩值;
当第二齿的轮转速大于发动机的高效工作区或大于发动机最高转速时,第一离合器断开,第一电机输出全部所需扭矩值;
当第二齿轮的转速小于发动机的怠速转速或预设的启动转速且电池电量不大于第一门限值时或者当扭矩需求大于预设扭矩门限值时,发动机启动。
10.根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其特征在于,当所述动力耦合装置还包括第四齿轮、沿所述第四齿轮的旋转轴延伸的第三输入轴、以及第二离合器时,所述控制方法还包括:
当第四齿轮的转速介于第二电机的高效区间或小于最低转速阈值时,第二电机处于调速模式,转速目标为第四齿轮转速,第二电机调速,当第二电机的转速和第四齿轮的转速之差小于预设的转速差阈值时,第二离合器闭合,第二电机进入扭矩状态,根据扭矩指令输出扭矩;
当第二齿轮的转速小于第一转速阈值时,第一电机和第二电机同时输出扭矩,80%的扭矩分配给第二电机;
当第四齿轮的转速大于预设转速阈值时,第二电机零扭矩输出,第二离合器断开,发动机根据当前转速和发动机万有特性曲线,确定发动机扭矩值介于最高效区,第一电机的扭矩值等于需求扭矩值和发动机扭矩值之差。
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