CN112167629A - Dendrobium officinale powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Dendrobium officinale powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112167629A CN112167629A CN202011136001.0A CN202011136001A CN112167629A CN 112167629 A CN112167629 A CN 112167629A CN 202011136001 A CN202011136001 A CN 202011136001A CN 112167629 A CN112167629 A CN 112167629A
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- dendrobium officinale
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- 241001076416 Dendrobium tosaense Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- OQMZNAMGEHIHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Dehydrostigmasterol Natural products C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)C=CC(CC)C(C)C)CCC33)C)C3=CC=C21 OQMZNAMGEHIHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229940076810 beta sitosterol Drugs 0.000 description 6
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- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001264174 Cordyceps militaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-UFFNCVEVSA-N Dendrobine Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]31C)N(C)[C@@H]3[C@H]1[C@@H](C(C)C)[C@@H]2C(=O)O1 RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-UFFNCVEVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000030456 Isaria farinosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001416980 Paecilomyces hepiali Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235527 Rhizopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-CZKZLRAZSA-N dendrobine Natural products O=C1O[C@@H]2[C@H](C(C)C)[C@H]1[C@H]1[C@@]3(C)[C@@H]2N(C)C[C@H]3CC1 RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-CZKZLRAZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021395 porridge Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002936 tranquilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23L3/44—Freeze-drying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/40—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products free-flowing powder or instant powder, i.e. powder which is reconstituted rapidly when liquid is added
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder, belonging to the technical field of health-care food, the preparation method uses dendrobium officinale roots to prepare dendrobium officinale root powder, the dendrobium officinale root powder, soybean meal powder, rice bran powder and sodium chloride are mixed, and distiller's yeast is added to prepare a solid fermentation substrate; then, cutting fresh dendrobium officinale stems into segments, burying the segments in a solid fermentation substrate, compacting and sealing to obtain fermented stems; and cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing the fermented stem to obtain the dendrobium officinale powder. The preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder provided by the invention is simple in process and low in input cost, natural substances are used for carrying out buried solid state fermentation on fresh dendrobium officinale stems in the production process, polysaccharide ingredients in the dendrobium officinale stems can be effectively reserved, the content of active ingredients is enhanced, the efficacy of the dendrobium officinale stems as single-component health care products is enhanced, and the obtained dendrobium officinale powder is beneficial to brewing and convenient to take.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of health-care food, and particularly relates to dendrobium officinale powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Dendrobium officinale (Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo) is an orchid herb plant, grows on mountainous semi-yin and semi-yang rocks with the altitude of 1600 m, is fond of warm and humid climate and semi-yin and semi-yang environment, is not cold-resistant, and is mainly distributed in warm southern areas of China, such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Fujian and the like. The dendrobium officinale contains active ingredients such as dendrobium polysaccharide, dendrobine, amino acid and derivatives thereof, has various efficacies of promoting fluid production, nourishing yin, improving eyesight, nourishing stomach, tonifying kidney, building body and the like, is praised by 'gold in medicine', and has extremely high edible and medicinal values. At present, dendrobium officinale sold in the market mainly exists in three forms of medicinal materials, health-care products and health-care foods. The medicinal materials are mainly dried, and can be taken by soaking in water, decocting, and pulverizing without excessive secondary processing. The health care product processed by the raw material is presented in the forms of maple leaves, capsules, extractum, oral liquid and the like. The food processed as raw material is mainly in the form of health beverage (such as herba Dendrobii lactic acid beverage and herba Dendrobii tea), ferment, flavoring juice (such as soy sauce and cooking wine), etc.
The polysaccharide is the most important component of the dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharide in the dendrobium officinale has physiological functions of reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat, resisting oxidation, resisting aging, enhancing the immunity of organisms and the like, and the content and the activity of the polysaccharide determine the quality of the dendrobium officinale. In order to reserve the polysaccharide in the dendrobium officinale as much as possible and enhance the activity of the dendrobium officinale, various treatment methods are provided. However, some of the existing methods can cause the damage of active ingredients and effective ingredients, and some of the existing methods can affect the taste, color and appearance, for example, in order to improve the utilization effect of human bodies, the crushing effect is optimized by prolonging the crushing time, so that part of materials are heated relatively high during crushing, and the rehydration of the processed superfine powder is poor; further, for example, fermentation is performed to increase the active ingredient, but the polysaccharide content is significantly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: provides dendrobium officinale powder with less polysaccharide content loss and enhanced active ingredients and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning, drying and crushing dendrobium officinale roots to obtain dendrobium officinale root powder;
step 2, mixing the dendrobium root powder, the soybean meal powder, the rice bran powder and the sodium chloride, adding distiller's yeast, and preparing a solid fermentation substrate;
step 3, drying the fresh dendrobium officinale stems until the water content is 40-45%, then cutting into sections, burying the sections in a solid fermentation substrate, compacting, sealing and storing for 50-62 hours to obtain fermented stems;
and 4, cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing the fermented stems to obtain the dendrobium officinale powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder provided by the invention comprises the steps of cutting fresh dendrobium officinale stems into segments, not carrying out operations such as crushing or extraction and the like, keeping original nutrient substances in the dendrobium officinale, removing partial water from the cut dendrobium officinale stems, then carrying out fermentation by using a solid fermentation substrate prepared from dendrobium officinale root powder, soybean meal powder, rice bran powder and distiller's yeast, wherein during fermentation, flora grows by mainly using the soybean meal and the rice bran as carbon sources, polysaccharides in the dendrobium officinale stems cannot be utilized, the high polysaccharide content in the dendrobium officinale stems is ensured, meanwhile, floras in the solid fermentation substrate and fermentation products generated by the floras act on the dendrobium officinale stems together, the contents of total flavonoids, total saponins, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol are also obviously higher than those of the dendrobium officinale, and the active ingredients of the obtained dendrobium officinale product are enhanced. The preparation method uses natural substances for processing in the process of preparing the dendrobium officinale powder, is green and environment-friendly, has a simple process, is easy to operate and control, and is low in investment cost. Compared with the traditional dendrobium officinale powder, the dendrobium officinale powder prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention retains more original active ingredients in the dendrobium officinale, increases the content of part of the active ingredients, and effectively enhances the efficacy of the single dendrobium officinale powder as a health-care product.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The invention provides a preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning, drying and crushing dendrobium officinale roots to obtain dendrobium officinale root powder;
step 2, mixing the dendrobium root powder, the soybean meal powder, the rice bran powder and the sodium chloride, and adding distiller's yeast to prepare a solid fermentation substrate;
step 3, drying the fresh dendrobium officinale stems until the water content is 40-45%, then cutting into sections, burying the sections in a solid fermentation substrate, compacting, sealing and storing for 50-62 hours to obtain fermented stems;
and 4, cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing the fermented stems to obtain the dendrobium officinale powder.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: according to the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder, only fresh dendrobium officinale stems are subjected to cutting and micro-dehydration treatment, operations such as high-temperature drying, crushing or extraction are not performed, and the original nutrient substances in the dendrobium officinale are reserved; fresh dendrobium officinale stems are not cleaned, a small amount of natural yeast is contained, fermentation is assisted, the bacteria colony growth mainly utilizes bean pulp and rice bran as carbon sources in the fermentation process, the polysaccharides in the dendrobium officinale stems cannot be utilized basically, the high polysaccharide content in the dendrobium officinale stems is ensured, meanwhile, the bacteria colony in a solid fermentation substrate and a fermentation product generated by the bacteria colony act on the dendrobium officinale stems together, the contents of flavone, saponin, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol are also obviously higher than those of the dendrobium officinale stems in the direct drying process, and the active ingredients of the obtained dendrobium officinale product are enhanced;
compared with the traditional dendrobium officinale powder, the dendrobium officinale powder prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention retains more original active ingredients in the dendrobium officinale, the content of part of the active ingredients is increased, and the polysaccharide in the dendrobium officinale stem has the effects of regulating human immunity, resisting tumors, fatigue, oxidation, lowering blood pressure and blood sugar and the like; stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol have the effects of resisting tumors and reducing the occurrence probability of cardiovascular diseases; the flavone is a natural antioxidant substance, and has effects of resisting oxidation, promoting blood circulation and reducing cholesterol; saponins in herba Dendrobii has antiinflammatory, antibacterial and tranquilizing effects; effectively enhances the efficacy of the single dendrobium officinale powder as a health-care product.
Further, the preparation method of the solid fermentation substrate in the step 2 comprises the following steps: according to the weight parts, 12-20 parts of dendrobium root powder, 40-55 parts of soybean meal powder, 30-45 parts of rice bran powder and 0.5-1.2 parts of sodium chloride are uniformly stirred to obtain mixed powder, dried distiller's yeast accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total mass of the mixed powder and sterilized water accounting for 8-10% of the total mass of the mixed powder are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, sealed and placed in an environment at 28-30 ℃ for fermentation for 30-35 hours.
Further, the preparation method of the dendrobium root powder, the soybean meal powder and the rice bran powder comprises the following steps: and respectively crushing the dried dendrobium officinale roots, the dried bean pulp and the dried rice bran and sieving the crushed materials with a 60-mesh sieve.
According to the description, the dendrobium officinale roots, the soybean meal and the rice bran can supply nutrients required by the growth of microorganisms without being too fine to be crushed, the fermentation effect cannot be improved due to excessive crushing, the energy consumption in crushing can be increased, and the risk of inhalation is caused when the particles are too small.
Further, the drying temperature in the step 1 is 60-75 ℃.
From the above description, the drying temperature should not be too high, and the drying at too high temperature will destroy the active ingredients in the dendrobium officinale roots, affecting the efficacy of fermenting the dendrobium officinale stems.
Further, the freeze-drying curve in step 4 is as follows: keeping the temperature at minus 70 ℃ for 2-3h, and keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ for 1.5-2 h.
According to the description, the effective substances in the dendrobium officinale stems can be retained to the greatest extent by the freeze-drying method, and the dendrobium officinale stems are easy to crush after freeze-drying, so that the loss caused by high-temperature drying and long-time crushing and friction high temperature is effectively avoided.
Further, the dendrobium officinale powder obtained by crushing in the step 4 has the particle size of 300 meshes and the water content of 6-8%.
From the above description, it can be known that controlling the moisture content of the dendrobium officinale powder is beneficial to prolonging the shelf life, and the dendrobium officinale powder is pulverized into fine powder which is convenient to brew and drink, and is also convenient to be added into other foods for matching and eating, such as rice paste, porridge, soup base and the like.
The invention provides dendrobium officinale powder prepared by the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning and drying dendrobium officinale roots at 65 ℃, then crushing the dendrobium officinale roots, and then sieving the crushed dendrobium officinale roots with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium root powder;
step 2, mixing the dendrobium root powder obtained in the step 1 with 60-mesh soybean meal powder, 60-mesh rice bran powder and sodium chloride, and adding dry distiller's yeast (Angel distiller's yeast, the main component of which is rhizopus) to prepare a solid fermentation substrate;
step 3, drying the fresh dendrobium officinale stems until the water content is 40-45%, then cutting into sections (6-10cm), burying the sections in a solid fermentation substrate, compacting, sealing and storing for 55 hours to obtain fermented stems;
step 4, cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing the fermented stems, and then sieving the crushed stems with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium officinale powder;
the freeze-drying curve is: keeping the temperature at minus 70 ℃ for 2h, and keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ for 1.5 h;
measuring the water content of the dendrobium officinale powder to be 6-8%, and packaging; if the water content is more than 6-8%, drying at 60 deg.C until the water content reaches the standard, and packaging.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning and drying dendrobium officinale roots at 60 ℃, then crushing the dendrobium officinale roots, and then sieving the crushed dendrobium officinale roots with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium root powder;
step 2, mixing the dendrobium root powder obtained in the step 1 with 60-mesh soybean meal powder, 60-mesh rice bran powder and sodium chloride, and adding dry distiller's yeast (same as in example 1) to prepare a solid fermentation substrate;
step 3, drying the fresh dendrobium officinale stems until the water content is 40-45%, then cutting into sections (6-10cm), burying the sections in a solid fermentation substrate, compacting, sealing and storing for 62 hours to obtain fermented stems;
step 4, cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing the fermented stems, and then sieving the crushed stems with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium officinale powder;
the freeze-drying curve is: keeping the temperature at minus 70 ℃ for 3h and keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ for 2 h;
measuring the water content of the dendrobium officinale powder to be 6-8%, and packaging; if the water content is more than 6-8%, drying at 60 deg.C until the water content reaches the standard, and packaging.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning and drying dendrobium officinale roots at 70 ℃, then crushing the dendrobium officinale roots, and then sieving the crushed dendrobium officinale roots with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium root powder;
step 2, mixing the dendrobium root powder obtained in the step 1 with 60-mesh soybean meal powder, 60-mesh rice bran powder and sodium chloride, and adding dry distiller's yeast (same as in example 1) to prepare a solid fermentation substrate;
step 3, drying the fresh dendrobium officinale stems until the water content is 40-45%, then cutting into sections (6-10cm), burying the sections in a solid fermentation substrate, compacting, sealing and storing for 60 hours to obtain fermented stems;
step 4, cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing the fermented stems, and then sieving the crushed stems with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium officinale powder;
the freeze-drying curve is: keeping the temperature at minus 70 ℃ for 2.5h and keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ for 2 h;
measuring the water content of the dendrobium officinale powder to be 6-8%, and packaging; if the water content is more than 6-8%, drying at 60 deg.C until the water content reaches the standard, and packaging.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning and drying dendrobium officinale roots at 75 ℃, then crushing the dendrobium officinale roots, and then sieving the crushed dendrobium officinale roots with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium root powder;
step 2, mixing the dendrobium root powder obtained in the step 1 with 60-mesh soybean meal powder, 60-mesh rice bran powder and sodium chloride, and adding dry distiller's yeast (same as in example 1) to prepare a solid fermentation substrate;
step 3, drying the fresh dendrobium officinale stems until the water content is 40-45%, then cutting into sections (6-10cm), burying the sections in a solid fermentation substrate, compacting, sealing and storing for 58h to obtain fermented stems;
step 4, cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing the fermented stems, and then sieving the crushed stems with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium officinale powder;
the freeze-drying curve is: keeping the temperature at minus 70 ℃ for 2h, and keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ for 1.5 h;
measuring the water content of the dendrobium officinale powder to be 6-8%, and packaging; if the water content is more than 6-8%, drying at 60 deg.C until the water content reaches the standard, and packaging.
Comparative examples 1 to 5 are the same as the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder of example 1, except that the composition of the solid fermentation substrate is different.
Comparative example 6:
the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder specifically comprises the following steps:
cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing fresh dendrobium officinale stems, and then sieving the crushed dendrobium officinale stems with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain dendrobium officinale powder;
the freeze-drying curve is: keeping the temperature at minus 70 ℃ for 3h and keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ for 2 h;
measuring the water content of the dendrobium officinale powder to be 6-8%, and packaging; if the water content is more than 6-8%, drying at 60 deg.C until the water content reaches the standard, and packaging.
Wherein, the fresh dendrobium officinale stems used in the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 6 are picked in the same batch in the same planting area in Fujian peace county and are randomly weighed and used in the preparation of the different examples and the comparative examples.
The compositions of the solid fermentation substrates of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 and the fermentation temperatures and times at which the solid fermentation substrates were prepared are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The content of polysaccharide, total flavone, total saponin, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol in the dendrobium officinale powder prepared by the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder of the embodiments 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 6 is measured, and the result is shown in table 2, wherein the unit of the content of all the components in the table 2 is mug/g.
Wherein, the determination of polysaccharide, total flavone and total saponin is carried out according to a reference document 1 (comparison research on chemical components in the culture process of Junyue cordyceps militaris, isaria farinosa and paecilomyces hepiali. [ D ]. Yunnan university, 2015 ]), stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol are ultrasonically extracted after isopropanol is adopted, supernatant is taken for determination, mobile phases of methanol, acetonitrile and isopropanol are selected to be 9: 90: 1, and the detection is carried out at a position of 205nm, and the flow rate is 2.0 mL/min.
TABLE 2
| Polysaccharides | Total Flavonoids | Total saponins | Stigmasterol | Beta-sitosterol | |
| Example 1 | 348654.80 | 1389.67 | 11384.10 | 66.48 | 285.15 |
| Example 2 | 339547.54 | 1345.92 | 11394.79 | 65.67 | 299.08 |
| Example 3 | 342465.69 | 1384.81 | 11400.15 | 66.03 | 292.78 |
| Example 4 | 344761.74 | 1329.07 | 11358.40 | 65.15 | 279.55 |
| Comparative example 1 | 329812.13 | 1297.51 | 11304.45 | 52.67 | 232.33 |
| Comparative example 2 | 325959.00 | 1273.47 | 11298.78 | 60.87 | 239.68 |
| Comparative example 3 | 324175.15 | 1218.45 | 10592.45 | 58.98 | 244.09 |
| Comparative example 4 | 335653.15 | 1246.55 | 11287.48 | 61.57 | 269.41 |
| Comparative example 5 | 331984.08 | 1251.96 | 11276.84 | 62.15 | 264.57 |
| Comparative example 6 | 310232.48 | 1169.47 | 10485.15 | 51.45 | 225.48 |
In conclusion, the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder provided by the invention is simple in process and low in investment cost, natural substances are used for performing buried solid state fermentation on fresh dendrobium officinale stems in the production process, polysaccharide ingredients in the dendrobium officinale stems can be effectively reserved, the content of active ingredients is enhanced, the efficacy of the dendrobium officinale stems as single health care products is enhanced, and the obtained dendrobium officinale powder is beneficial to brewing and convenient to take.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, cleaning, drying and crushing dendrobium officinale roots to obtain dendrobium officinale root powder;
step 2, mixing the dendrobium root powder, the soybean meal powder, the rice bran powder and the sodium chloride, adding distiller's yeast, and preparing a solid fermentation substrate;
step 3, drying the fresh dendrobium officinale stems until the water content is 40-45%, then cutting into sections, burying the sections in a solid fermentation substrate, compacting, sealing and storing for 50-62 hours to obtain fermented stems;
and 4, cleaning, draining, freeze-drying and crushing the fermented stems to obtain the dendrobium officinale powder.
2. The preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the solid fermentation substrate in the step 2 comprises the following steps: according to the weight parts, 12-20 parts of dendrobium root powder, 40-55 parts of soybean meal powder, 30-45 parts of rice bran powder and 0.5-1.2 parts of sodium chloride are uniformly stirred to obtain mixed powder, dried distiller's yeast accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total mass of the mixed powder and sterilized water accounting for 8-10% of the total mass of the mixed powder are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, sealed and placed in an environment at 28-30 ℃ for fermentation for 30-35 hours.
3. The preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale root powder, the soybean meal powder and the rice bran powder comprises the following steps: and respectively crushing the dried dendrobium officinale roots, the dried bean pulp and the dried rice bran and sieving the crushed materials with a 60-mesh sieve.
4. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder of claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step 1 is 60-75 ℃.
5. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder of claim 1, wherein the freeze-drying curve in the step 4 is as follows: keeping the temperature at minus 70 ℃ for 2-3h, and keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ for 1.5-2 h.
6. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 1, wherein the dendrobium officinale powder obtained by crushing in the step 4 has a particle size of 300 meshes and a water content of 6-8%.
7. The dendrobium officinale powder prepared by the preparation method of the dendrobium officinale powder of any one of claims 1-6.
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