CN112166732A - Method for establishing saline-alkali soil protection forest - Google Patents
Method for establishing saline-alkali soil protection forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN112166732A CN112166732A CN202011189189.5A CN202011189189A CN112166732A CN 112166732 A CN112166732 A CN 112166732A CN 202011189189 A CN202011189189 A CN 202011189189A CN 112166732 A CN112166732 A CN 112166732A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 240000002066 Amorpha fruticosa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000004047 Amorpha fruticosa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 241000219991 Lythraceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000014360 Punica granatum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241000721662 Juniperus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000198694 Passiflora pallida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 244000276331 Citrus maxima Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001759 Citrus maxima Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 8
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for establishing a saline-alkali soil protection forest, which comprises the following steps of (1) digging a plurality of planting ditches in saline-alkali soil; (2) laying a salt isolation layer at the bottom of the planting ditch, and laying a planting soil layer above the salt isolation layer; (3) planting the juniper, the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa in the planting furrows, and planting pasture in the saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting furrows; (4) watering and pruning the pomegranate flowers, the juniper berries, the amorpha fruticosa and the pasture by an irrigation device regularly, and conveying the liquid compound fertilizer to planting soil of the pomegranate flowers, the juniper berries and the amorpha fruticosa by the irrigation device regularly. The protective forest established by the method greatly improves the soil environment of saline-alkali areas, effectively prevents water and soil loss, ensures vigorous growth of seedlings and greatly improves the survival rate of the seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for establishing a saline-alkali soil protection forest.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, and means that salt contained in soil influences normal growth of crops. At present, the saline-alkali soil greening mostly adopts irrigation drainage, acid salt application and other methods of firstly building soil, then greening, firstly improving and then planting, and the methods have the advantages of large engineering quantity, high cost, limited maintenance time and short effect. With the comprehensive development of urban construction, industrial structure adjustment and municipal work in China, the saline-alkali land is treated infinitely slowly, and the reduction of water and soil loss of the saline-alkali land is a great problem, so that the establishment of a protection forest in the saline-alkali land is the key point of the current research.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for establishing the saline-alkali soil protection forest is provided, the protection forest established by the method can effectively improve the soil environment of the saline-alkali soil, and can prevent water and soil loss.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for establishing a saline-alkali soil protection forest comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a plurality of planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil, and deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil between two adjacent planting ditches;
(2) laying a salt separation layer at the bottom of the planting ditch, and laying a planting soil layer above the salt separation layer, wherein a microbial agent and an organic fertilizer are mixed in the planting soil layer; deeply ploughing saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches and then paving a humus layer;
(3) planting the juniper, the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa in the planting ditch, and planting according to the planting mode of one row of pomegranate, one row of juniper and one row of amorpha fruticosa during planting; planting pasture in the saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches;
(4) watering the pomegranate flowers, the juniper berries, the amorpha fruticosa and the pasture grass regularly through an irrigation device, pruning the pomegranate flowers and the amorpha fruticosa regularly, and conveying the liquid compound fertilizer into planting soil of the pomegranate flowers, the juniper berries and the amorpha fruticosa regularly through the irrigation device.
As an improved technical scheme, water-absorbing resin is mixed in the planting soil layer, and the water-absorbing resin is polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate with the water content of less than 7% and the particle size of 0.15-0.25 mm.
As an improved technical scheme, the width of the upper opening of the planting ditch is 40-50cm, and the bottom of the planting ditch is provided with a salt discharge pipeline.
As an improved technical scheme, the salt isolation layer comprises cotton straws, fine sand, activated carbon and zeolite, and the thickness of the salt isolation layer is 20-40 cm.
As an improved technical scheme, the distance between two adjacent planting furrows is 2-3.5 m.
As an improved technical scheme, the irrigation device comprises a plurality of micro-irrigation pipes paved in a planting soil layer and drip irrigation pipes arranged along a planting ditch, wherein the drip irrigation pipes and the micro-irrigation pipes are respectively communicated with a water supply pipeline.
As an improved technical scheme, the microbial agent comprises azotobacter, halophilic bacteria, EM bacteria, bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes.
As an improved technical scheme, the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting reed stalks, corn stalks, wheat stalks, shaddock peels and fur-bearing animal wastes with fermentation strains.
As an improved technical scheme, the liquid organic fertilizer comprises water, plant ash, orange peel, mushroom dregs, cottonseed hulls, corncobs and zymophyte.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the planting method, the salt separation layer is laid in the planting ditch and comprises the cotton straws, the fine sand, the activated carbon and the zeolite, the cotton straws can increase the content of organic matters in the soil and the water permeability of the soil, and meanwhile, the soil salt ascending channel is cut off, so that the salt return of the surface layer of the soil is inhibited; when heavy rain exists, redundant water can be accumulated in the fine sand, the activated carbon and the zeolite, so that waterlogging is prevented; in addition, after the soil moisture evaporates, the moisture in the fine sand, the activated carbon and the zeolite can be conveyed to a planting soil layer to provide moisture for the growth of seedlings, so that the growth of the seedlings is promoted; the water-absorbing resin in the planting soil layer can absorb water to provide water for plant growth; the microbial agent and the organic fertilizer mixed in the planting soil layer provide nutrition for the growth of the nursery stock, promote the root development of the nursery stock and the development of the stem, irrigate and fertilize the nursery stock in the process of the growth of the nursery stock, and the liquid organic fertilizer can provide nutrient components for the growth of the nursery stock and promote the rooting development of the nursery stock;
(2) the planting method can effectively isolate salt and alkali, and can also resist drought and waterlogging, the juniper, the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa planted by the planting method have strong adaptability, developed root systems, thick overground stems, vigorous growth and survival rate of more than 97 percent; the pomegranate, the juniper and the amorpha fruticosa are planted on the saline-alkali soil at intervals, and the pasture is planted in the saline-alkali soil between two adjacent rows of seedlings, so that the environment of the saline-alkali soil is greened and beautified by adopting the reasonable configuration mode, and the diversity of a protection system of the saline-alkali soil protection forest is increased; on the other hand, the environment of saline-alkali soil is improved, the water and soil loss is effectively prevented, and the stability of a protection forest system is increased.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A method for establishing a saline-alkali soil protection forest comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a plurality of planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil (the width of the upper opening of each planting ditch is 40cm, the bottom of each planting ditch is provided with a salt discharge pipeline, the distance between two adjacent planting ditches is 2 m.), and deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil between two adjacent planting ditches;
(2) laying a salt separation layer (comprising cotton straws, fine sand, activated carbon and zeolite, wherein the components are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1:2, the thickness of the salt separation layer is 20 cm.), laying a planting soil layer above the salt separation layer, and mixing the components according to the mass ratio of 10:2:4:1, wherein a microbial agent, an organic fertilizer and washing resin are mixed in the planting soil layer; the microbial agent comprises azotobacter, halophilic bacteria, EM (effective microorganisms), bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes, and the components are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:1:2: 1; the organic fertilizer is prepared by reed stems, corn straws, wheat straws, shaddock peels and fur-bearing animal wastes through fermentation treatment of fermentation strains, wherein the fur-bearing animal wastes comprise mink wastes, fox wastes and racoon dog wastes, the fermentation strains comprise bacillus subtilis and EM (effective microorganisms), the reed stems, the corn straws, the wheat straws, the shaddock peels and the fur-bearing animal wastes are mixed during fermentation, the fermentation strains are added according to the using amount of 1-2kg/t and then uniformly mixed, the moisture of the uniformly mixed raw materials is controlled to be 40-60 wt%, the temperature is maintained to be 45-60 ℃ for fermentation, pile turning is performed once after two days of fermentation, pile turning is performed once every 1-2 days, and the fermentation is stopped when the fermentation temperature is reduced to normal temperature. Wherein the water-absorbing resin is polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate with water content less than 7% and particle size of 0.15-0.25 mm; ) Deeply ploughing saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches and then paving a humus soil layer;
(3) planting the juniper, the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa in the planting ditch, and planting according to the planting mode of one row of pomegranate, one row of juniper and one row of amorpha fruticosa during planting; planting pasture in the saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches;
(4) watering the pomegranate, the juniper, the amorpha fruticosa and the pasture regularly through an irrigation device (comprising a plurality of micro-irrigation pipes paved in a planting soil layer and drip irrigation pipes arranged along a planting ditch, wherein the drip irrigation pipes and the micro-irrigation pipes are respectively communicated with a water supply pipeline), regularly trimming the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa, and regularly adding a liquid compound fertilizer (comprising water, plant ash, orange peel, mushroom dregs, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs and fermentation bacteria) into a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, introducing oxygen for 10min, stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the plant ash, stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the fermentation bacteria and the cottonseed hulls, stirring and uniformly mixing, fermenting the obtained mixed solution at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 72h, cooling the mixture to room temperature, filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely a liquid organic fertilizer, wherein the fermentation bacteria are bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria), and the fermentation bacteria are conveyed to the granite through the irrigation device Pomegranate, juniper and amorpha fruticosa planting soil.
Example 2
A method for establishing a saline-alkali soil protection forest comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a plurality of planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil (the width of the upper opening of each planting ditch is 45cm, the bottom of each planting ditch is provided with a salt discharge pipeline, the distance between two adjacent planting ditches is 2.5 m.), and deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil between two adjacent planting ditches;
(2) laying a salt separation layer (comprising cotton straws, fine sand, activated carbon and zeolite, wherein the components are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1.5:1.5:2, the thickness of the salt separation layer is 28 cm.), laying a planting soil layer above the salt separation layer, and mixing the components according to the mass ratio of 10:2:4:1, wherein a microbial agent, an organic fertilizer and washing resin are mixed in the planting soil layer; the microbial agent comprises azotobacter, halophilic bacteria, EM (effective microorganisms), bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes, and the components are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:1:2: 1; the organic fertilizer is prepared by reed stems, corn straws, wheat straws, shaddock peels and fur-bearing animal wastes through fermentation treatment of fermentation strains, wherein the fur-bearing animal wastes comprise mink wastes, fox wastes and racoon dog wastes, the fermentation strains comprise bacillus subtilis and EM (effective microorganisms), the reed stems, the corn straws, the wheat straws, the shaddock peels and the fur-bearing animal wastes are mixed during fermentation, the fermentation strains are added according to the using amount of 1-2kg/t and then uniformly mixed, the moisture of the uniformly mixed raw materials is controlled to be 40-60 wt%, the temperature is maintained to be 45-60 ℃ for fermentation, pile turning is performed once after two days of fermentation, pile turning is performed once every 1-2 days, and the fermentation is stopped when the fermentation temperature is reduced to normal temperature. Wherein the water-absorbing resin is polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate with water content less than 7% and particle size of 0.15-0.25 mm; ) Deeply ploughing saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches and then paving a humus soil layer;
(3) planting the juniper, the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa in the planting ditch, and planting according to the planting mode of one row of pomegranate, one row of juniper and one row of amorpha fruticosa during planting; planting pasture in the saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches;
(3) watering the pomegranate, the juniper, the amorpha fruticosa and the forage regularly through an irrigation device (comprising a plurality of micro-irrigation pipes paved in a planting soil layer and drip irrigation pipes arranged along a planting ditch, wherein the drip irrigation pipes and the micro-irrigation pipes are respectively communicated with a water supply pipeline), regularly trimming the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa, and regularly adding a liquid compound fertilizer (comprising water, plant ash, orange peel, mushroom dregs, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs and fermentation bacteria) into a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, introducing oxygen for 10min, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the plant ash, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the fermentation bacteria and the cottonseed hulls, stirring and mixing uniformly, fermenting the obtained mixed solution for 80h at the temperature of 40-60 ℃, cooling the mixture to room temperature, filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely a liquid organic fertilizer, wherein the fermentation bacteria are bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria), and the fermentation bacteria are conveyed to the pomegranate through the irrigation device, Juniper and amorpha fruticosa planting soil.
Example 3
A method for establishing a saline-alkali soil protection forest comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a plurality of planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil (the width of the upper opening of each planting ditch is 48cm, the bottom of each planting ditch is provided with a salt discharge pipeline, the distance between every two adjacent planting ditches is 3 m.), and deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil between every two adjacent planting ditches;
(2) laying a salt separation layer (comprising cotton straws, fine sand, activated carbon and zeolite, wherein the components are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1:2.5, the thickness of the salt separation layer is 35 cm.), laying a planting soil layer above the salt separation layer, and mixing the components according to the mass ratio of 10:2:4:1, wherein a microbial agent, an organic fertilizer and washing resin are mixed in the planting soil layer; the microbial agent comprises azotobacter, halophilic bacteria, EM (effective microorganisms), bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes, and the components are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:1:2: 1; the organic fertilizer is prepared by reed stems, corn straws, wheat straws, shaddock peels and fur-bearing animal wastes through fermentation treatment of fermentation strains, wherein the fur-bearing animal wastes comprise mink wastes, fox wastes and racoon dog wastes, the fermentation strains comprise bacillus subtilis and EM (effective microorganisms), the reed stems, the corn straws, the wheat straws, the shaddock peels and the fur-bearing animal wastes are mixed during fermentation, the fermentation strains are added according to the using amount of 1-2kg/t and then uniformly mixed, the moisture of the uniformly mixed raw materials is controlled to be 40-60 wt%, the temperature is maintained to be 45-60 ℃ for fermentation, pile turning is performed once after two days of fermentation, pile turning is performed once every 1-2 days, and the fermentation is stopped when the fermentation temperature is reduced to normal temperature. Wherein the water-absorbing resin is polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate with water content less than 7% and particle size of 0.15-0.25 mm; ) Deeply ploughing saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches and then paving a humus soil layer;
(3) planting the juniper, the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa in the planting ditch, and planting according to the planting mode of one row of pomegranate, one row of juniper and one row of amorpha fruticosa during planting; planting pasture in the saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches;
(4) watering the pomegranate, the juniper, the amorpha fruticosa and the pasture regularly through an irrigation device (comprising a plurality of micro-irrigation pipes paved in a planting soil layer and drip irrigation pipes arranged along a planting ditch, wherein the drip irrigation pipes and the micro-irrigation pipes are respectively communicated with a water supply pipeline), regularly trimming the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa, and regularly adding a liquid compound fertilizer (comprising water, plant ash, orange peel, mushroom dregs, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs and fermentation bacteria) into a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, introducing oxygen for 10min, stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the plant ash, stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the fermentation bacteria and the cottonseed hulls, stirring and uniformly mixing, fermenting the obtained mixed solution at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 90h, cooling the mixture to room temperature, filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely a liquid organic fertilizer, wherein the fermentation bacteria are bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria), and the fermentation bacteria are conveyed to the granite through the irrigation device Pomegranate, juniper and amorpha fruticosa planting soil.
Example 4
A method for establishing a saline-alkali soil protection forest comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a plurality of planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil (the width of the upper opening of each planting ditch is 50cm, the bottom of each planting ditch is provided with a salt discharge pipeline, the distance between every two adjacent planting ditches is 3.5 m.), and deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil between every two adjacent planting ditches;
(2) laying a salt separation layer (comprising cotton straws, fine sand, activated carbon and zeolite, wherein the components are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1:2, the thickness of the salt separation layer is 20-40 cm.), laying a planting soil layer above the salt separation layer, and mixing the components according to the mass ratio of 10:2:4:1, wherein a microbial agent, an organic fertilizer and washing resin are mixed in the planting soil layer; the microbial agent comprises azotobacter, halophilic bacteria, EM (effective microorganisms), bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes, and the components are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1:1:2: 1; the organic fertilizer is prepared by reed stems, corn straws, wheat straws, shaddock peels and fur-bearing animal wastes through fermentation treatment of fermentation strains, wherein the fur-bearing animal wastes comprise mink wastes, fox wastes and racoon dog wastes, the fermentation strains comprise bacillus subtilis and EM (effective microorganisms), the reed stems, the corn straws, the wheat straws, the shaddock peels and the fur-bearing animal wastes are mixed during fermentation, the fermentation strains are added according to the using amount of 1-2kg/t and then uniformly mixed, the moisture of the uniformly mixed raw materials is controlled to be 40-60 wt%, the temperature is maintained to be 45-60 ℃ for fermentation, pile turning is performed once after two days of fermentation, pile turning is performed once every 1-2 days, and the fermentation is stopped when the fermentation temperature is reduced to normal temperature. Wherein the water-absorbing resin is polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate with water content less than 7% and particle size of 0.15-0.25 mm; ) Deeply ploughing saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches and then paving a humus soil layer;
(3) planting the juniper, the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa in the planting ditch, and planting according to the planting mode of one row of pomegranate, one row of juniper and one row of amorpha fruticosa during planting; planting pasture in the saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches;
(4) watering the pomegranate, the juniper, the amorpha fruticosa and the pasture regularly through an irrigation device (comprising a plurality of micro-irrigation pipes paved in a planting soil layer and drip irrigation pipes arranged along a planting ditch, wherein the drip irrigation pipes and the micro-irrigation pipes are respectively communicated with a water supply pipeline), regularly trimming the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa, and regularly adding a liquid compound fertilizer (comprising water, plant ash, orange peel, mushroom dregs, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs and fermentation bacteria) into a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, introducing oxygen for 10min, stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the plant ash, stirring and uniformly mixing, adding the fermentation bacteria and the cottonseed hulls, stirring and uniformly mixing, fermenting the obtained mixed solution at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 96h, cooling the mixture to room temperature, filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely a liquid organic fertilizer, wherein the fermentation bacteria are bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria), and the fermentation bacteria are conveyed to the granite through the irrigation device Pomegranate, juniper and amorpha fruticosa planting soil.
In order to better prove that the method established by the invention can promote the growth and survival rate of the pomegranate, juniper and amorpha fruticosa, 4 comparative examples are given by taking the example 3 as a reference, and the specific planting results are shown in table 1;
comparative example 1
The operation is different from the operation of the embodiment 3 in that the salt isolation layer is not paved in the planting ditch, and the rest operations are the same;
comparative example 2
The operation is the same as the operation of example 3 except that no microbial agent is mixed in the planting soil layer;
comparative example 3
The operation is different from the operation of the embodiment 3 in that organic fertilizer is not mixed in the planting soil layer, and the rest of the operation is the same;
comparative example 4
The operation is different from the operation of the example 3, the commercial liquid fertilizer (the main components comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and amino acid) is adopted for fertilization, and the rest operations are the same.
TABLE 1
Table 1 shows that the protective forest established by the establishing method of the invention has vigorous growth of pomegranate, juniper and amorpha fruticosa, and the survival rate is more than 97%, which is obviously superior to that of comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4. The protection forest established by the method greatly improves the soil environment of saline-alkali areas and prevents water and soil loss.
The present patent is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes without creative efforts from the above-mentioned conception, and fall within the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (9)
1. A method for establishing a saline-alkali soil protection forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) digging a plurality of planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil, and deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil between two adjacent planting ditches;
(2) laying a salt separation layer at the bottom of the planting ditch, and laying a planting soil layer above the salt separation layer, wherein a microbial agent and an organic fertilizer are mixed in the planting soil layer; deeply ploughing saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches and then paving a humus layer;
(3) planting the juniper, the pomegranate and the amorpha fruticosa in the planting ditch, and planting according to the planting mode of one row of pomegranate, one row of juniper and one row of amorpha fruticosa during planting; planting pasture in the saline-alkali soil of two adjacent planting ditches;
(4) watering the pomegranate flowers, the juniper berries, the amorpha fruticosa and the pasture grass regularly through an irrigation device, pruning the pomegranate flowers and the amorpha fruticosa regularly, and conveying the liquid compound fertilizer into planting soil of the pomegranate flowers, the juniper berries and the amorpha fruticosa regularly through the irrigation device.
2. The method for establishing the saline-alkali soil shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and water-absorbing resin is also mixed in the planting soil layer, and the water-absorbing resin is polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate with the water content of less than 7% and the particle size of 0.15-0.25 mm.
3. The method for establishing the saline-alkali soil shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the width of the upper opening of the planting ditch is 40-50cm, and the bottom of the planting ditch is provided with a salt discharge pipeline.
4. The method for establishing the saline-alkali soil shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the salt isolation layer comprises cotton straws, fine sand, activated carbon and zeolite, and the thickness of the salt isolation layer is 20-40 cm.
5. The method for establishing the saline-alkali soil shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the distance between two adjacent planting furrows is 2-3.5 m.
6. The method for establishing the saline-alkali soil shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: irrigation equipment including lay a plurality of little moist pipes in planting the soil horizon and along the drip irrigation pipe of planting the ditch setting, drip irrigation pipe and little moist pipe communicate water supply pipe respectively.
7. The method for establishing the saline-alkali soil shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microbial agent comprises azotobacter, halophilic bacteria, EM bacteria, bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes.
8. The method for establishing the saline-alkali soil shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer is prepared from reed stalks, corn straws, wheat straws, shaddock peels and fur-bearing animal wastes through fermentation treatment of fermentation strains.
9. The method for establishing the saline-alkali soil shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the liquid organic fertilizer comprises water, plant ash, orange peel, mushroom dregs, cottonseed hulls, corncobs and zymophyte.
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