CN114145095A - Planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement - Google Patents

Planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114145095A
CN114145095A CN202111448867.XA CN202111448867A CN114145095A CN 114145095 A CN114145095 A CN 114145095A CN 202111448867 A CN202111448867 A CN 202111448867A CN 114145095 A CN114145095 A CN 114145095A
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China
Prior art keywords
planting
soil
fertilizer
saline
improvement
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CN202111448867.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孟照刚
张建伟
杨颖晖
周宗山
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Beijing Runze Xinye Environmental Protection Technology Development Co ltd
Fruit Tree Institute of CAAS
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Beijing Runze Xinye Environmental Protection Technology Development Co ltd
Fruit Tree Institute of CAAS
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Priority to CN202111448867.XA priority Critical patent/CN114145095A/en
Publication of CN114145095A publication Critical patent/CN114145095A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil restoration and improvement, wherein a first planting fertilizer layer with a preset thickness is paved at the bottom of a planting hole or a planting ditch, so that on one hand, water and nutrient loss are blocked, water and nutrient leakage are prevented and controlled, and a water and soil conservation and leakage prevention effect is achieved, and on the other hand, the requirements of later-stage nutrients and fertilizer requirements of plant crops are met; fully and uniformly stirring the soil in the planting holes or the soil in the planting ditches and the planting fertilizer according to a preset proportion, forming backfill soil, and backfilling for planting to ensure the requirements of growth nutrients and fertilizers of planted crops; a second planting fertilizer layer with preset thickness is spread below the surface soil again and then the surface soil is covered, so that salt is prevented from accumulating on the ground surface and not permeating into a planting area, and the water evaporation is delayed; by adopting the technical scheme, the purposes of saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement can be achieved only by relatively simply adjusting and changing the planting method.

Description

Planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation land, the salt contained in the soil can affect the normal growth of crops, and the plants can hardly survive in severe saline-alkali soil. Therefore, saline-alkali land remediation and improvement is considered as a systematic engineering.
The currently adopted saline-alkali soil restoration (improvement) method mainly comprises the following steps:
water conservancy improvement method. Firstly, a perfect drainage and irrigation system needs to be established for improving the saline-alkali soil through water conservancy to separate drainage and irrigation, water consumption management needs to be enhanced, the water level of underground water is strictly controlled, and salt in the soil is continuously leached and removed through irrigation washing, flood diversion, silt discharging and the like.
Soil replacement and improvement method. The method is mainly characterized in that the saline-alkali soil is added or replaced with sandy pulp planting soil, or the saline-alkali soil can be improved through agricultural technology, such as common deep ploughing (30-40 cm deep ploughing in a big outline), land leveling (the requirement is that no large soil blocks exist in the soil and the soil is as thin as possible), grass covering, silt turning, sand covering and the like, soil components and structures can be improved, soil permeability is enhanced, and salt leaching is accelerated.
Chemical modification methods, and the like. The structure of the soil can also be changed by adding chemical modifiers into the soil, wherein the chemical modifiers comprise substances such as gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, humic acid, sulfur, furfural residues and the like.
The main disadvantages of the saline-alkali soil restoration (improvement) method are as follows:
large investment and high cost.
Easily causes water pollution and non-point source pollution.
The operation method is complicated, the engineering is large, and the operation is difficult to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for repairing and improving saline-alkali soil, which is suitable for repairing and improving the saline-alkali soil, can achieve the aim of repairing and improving the saline-alkali soil by only adjusting and changing a planting application method without adopting water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement and soil replacement improvement, reduces the problems of large capital investment, land, water quality and non-point source pollution in the saline-alkali soil improvement, and simplifies operation links and operation difficulty.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the application provides a planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: digging planting holes or planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil in advance;
step two: paving a first planting fertilizer layer with a preset thickness and composed of planting fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch;
step three: fully and uniformly stirring soil in the planting holes or the planting ditches and the planting fertilizer according to a preset proportion to form backfill soil and backfill planting;
step four: and paving a second planting fertilizer layer formed by the planting fertilizer with a preset thickness below the surface soil again, and then covering the surface soil.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the second step:
and paving the first planting fertilizer layer with a preset thickness at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the second step:
the thickness of the first planting fertilizer layer paved and applied at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch is 5mm-15 mm.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the fourth step:
and paving the second planting fertilizer layer with the thickness of 5-15 mm again at the position 5-10 mm below the surface soil, and covering the surface soil.
Further, the planting fertilizer adopts a soil conditioner, a compound bacterial fertilizer or a biological fertilizer.
Further, the planting fertilizer satisfies: organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 6 percent, the pH value is 5-7, and the organic fertilizer is rich in active beneficial flora.
Further, the planting fertilizer is prepared by mixing a compound microbial inoculum and a carrier according to a preset proportion;
wherein: 65-80 parts of carrier and 20-35 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
Further, the carrier adopts fermented and decomposed agricultural and forestry organic wastes including but not limited to dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, mushroom residues and straws.
Further, the compound microbial inoculum is prepared from a microbial agent, bean cake powder and active carbon according to a preset proportion.
Further, the microbial agents include: contains potassium bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, azotobacter and bacillus.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement has the following technical effects:
in the planting method, a first planting fertilizer layer with a preset thickness is paved at the bottom of a planting hole or a planting ditch, so that on one hand, the effects of blocking water and nutrient loss, preventing and treating water and nutrient leakage and keeping water and soil are achieved, and on the other hand, the requirements of later-stage nutrients and fertilizer requirements of plant crops are met;
fully and uniformly stirring the soil in the planting holes or the soil in the planting ditches and the planting fertilizer according to a preset proportion, forming backfill soil, and backfilling for planting to ensure the requirements of growth nutrients and fertilizers of planted crops;
a second planting fertilizer layer with preset thickness is spread below the surface soil again and then the surface soil is covered, so that salt is prevented from accumulating on the ground surface and not permeating into a planting area, and the water evaporation is delayed;
in conclusion, by adopting the planting method, the purposes of saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement can be achieved without adopting the water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement and soil replacement improvement methods in the prior art, the problems of large capital investment, large land, water quality and non-point source pollution in saline-alkali soil improvement can be reduced, and the operation link and the operation difficulty can be simplified only by relatively simply adjusting and changing the planting method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts; the invention is further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the following figures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a planting method provided herein;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure used in a planting method provided herein;
FIG. 3 is a pH value comparison graph of a soil sample after the planting method provided by the present application and an original soil sample;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the sodium chloride (salt content) content of soil samples after the planting method provided by the present application with that of raw soil samples;
icon:
10-a first planting fertilizer layer; 20-backfilling; 30-first planting fertilizer layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the present embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement, the crops planted in the saline-alkali soil can grow normally through change and innovation; the requirements of nutrition, fertilizer requirement and water and soil conservation for crop growth are met, meanwhile, the soil fertility is improved in the planting process, the soil structure is improved, and the soil quality is improved, so that the aims of repairing and improving the saline-alkali soil are fulfilled.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: digging planting holes or planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil in advance;
step two: a first planting fertilizer layer 10 made of planting fertilizer with a preset thickness is paved at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch;
step three: fully and uniformly stirring the soil in the planting holes or the planting ditches and the planting fertilizer according to a preset proportion to form backfill soil 20, and backfilling and planting; it should be noted here that, because different crops, different growth periods and different fertilizer products have different dosages when the fertilizer products are applied, the mixing ratio of the backfill diagram and the planting fertilizer can be adjusted according to actual conditions in actual application;
step four: and a second planting fertilizer layer 30 made of planting fertilizer with preset thickness is paved below the surface soil again and then the surface soil is covered.
As a preferred embodiment, in step two:
and paving a first planting fertilizer layer 10 with a preset thickness at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch at the height of 5-20 cm.
As a preferred embodiment, in step two:
the thickness of the first planting fertilizer layer 10 paved and applied at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch is 5mm-15 mm.
It should be noted that the amount of the first planting fertilizer layer 10 is only a preferred scheme, and in practical application, the amount can be selected according to different planting varieties, planting hole or planting ditch sizes, and planting habits in different regions.
As a preferred embodiment, in step four:
and a second planting fertilizer layer 30 with the thickness of 5mm-15mm is paved at the position 5mm-10mm below the surface soil again and then the surface soil is covered.
By adopting the planting method, the first planting fertilizer layer 10 with the thickness of 5-15 mm is paved at the position 5-20 cm high at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch, so that the water and nutrient loss can be prevented; preventing water and nutrient leakage, and playing a role in keeping soil and water from leaking; on the other hand, the requirements of later-period nutrients and fertilizer requirements of plant crops are met.
And fully and uniformly stirring the soil in the planting holes or the planting ditches and the planting fertilizer according to a preset proportion to form backfill soil 20, and backfilling and planting to ensure the requirements of growth nutrients and fertilizers of planted crops.
Spreading a second planting fertilizer with the thickness of 5mm-15mm again at the position 5mm-10mm below the surface soil, and covering the surface soil after 30 days; the salt is prevented from accumulating on the ground surface and not permeating into a planting area, and the water evaporation is delayed.
As a preferred embodiment, the planting fertilizer in this example may be a soil conditioner, a compound bacterial fertilizer or a biological fertilizer.
The common characteristics of the saline-alkali soil are that the content of organic matters is low, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are poor, more anions and cations are harmful to the growth of crops, the soil fertility is low, and the seedlings and the growth of the crops are not easy to promote. Therefore, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned plant fertilizer needs to satisfy: organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 6 percent, the pH value is 5-7, and the organic fertilizer is rich in active beneficial flora.
As a preferred embodiment, the planting fertilizer is prepared by mixing a compound microbial inoculum and a carrier according to a preset proportion;
wherein: 65-80 parts of carrier and 20-35 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
As a preferred embodiment, the carrier adopts fermented and decomposed agricultural and forestry organic wastes including but not limited to dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, mushroom residues and straws.
As a preferred embodiment, the compound microbial inoculum is prepared by adopting a microbial agent, bean cake powder and activated carbon according to a preset proportion.
As a preferred embodiment, the microbial agents include: contains potassium bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, azotobacter and bacillus.
The potassium bacteria, the phosphate bacteria and the nitrogen fixing bacteria have the functions:
through the compounding of potassium bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen fixing bacteria, the main function of the fertilizer is to activate the solidified nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the saline-alkali soil; complexing and regulating acid, alkali and salt balance, reducing the water movement speed of a capillary and ineffective evaporation of water, and inhibiting salt return;
the function of the bacillus is as follows: the soil aggregate structure is improved, the soil is improved, the water storage and energy storage of the soil are improved, the decomposition, conversion and action of organic matters in the soil and planting fertilizers are promoted, and the pH value and the salt content of the soil are further adjusted.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the pH value of a soil sample after the planting method provided by the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of sodium chloride (salt content) content between a soil sample and an original soil sample after the planting method provided by the present application;
referring to fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the PH value and sodium chloride of the planting soil are significantly reduced compared to the original soil sample after the planting method provided by the present application is adopted, so as to provide more appropriate growth conditions for plants.
By adopting the planting method for restoring and improving the saline-alkali soil, provided by the embodiment of the application, the purposes of restoring and improving the saline-alkali soil can be achieved by only adjusting and changing the planting method without adopting water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement and soil replacement improvement, the problems of large capital investment, land, water quality and non-point source pollution in the saline-alkali soil improvement are reduced, and the operation link and the operation difficulty are simplified.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its efficacy, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: digging planting holes or planting ditches in the saline-alkali soil in advance;
step two: paving a first planting fertilizer layer with a preset thickness and composed of planting fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch;
step three: fully and uniformly stirring soil in the planting holes or the planting ditches and the planting fertilizer according to a preset proportion to form backfill soil and backfill planting;
step four: and paving a second planting fertilizer layer formed by the planting fertilizer with a preset thickness below the surface soil again, and then covering the surface soil.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein:
in the second step:
and paving and applying the first planting fertilizer layer with preset thickness at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch at the height of 5-20 cm.
3. The planting method of claim 2, wherein:
in the second step:
the thickness of the first planting fertilizer layer paved and applied at the bottom of the planting hole or the planting ditch is 5mm-15 mm.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein:
in the fourth step:
and paving the second planting fertilizer layer with the thickness of 5-15 mm again at the position 5-10 mm below the surface soil, and covering the surface soil.
5. The planting method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the planting fertilizer adopts a soil conditioner, a compound bacterial fertilizer or a biological fertilizer.
6. The planting method of claim 5, wherein: the planting fertilizer meets the following requirements: organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 6 percent, the pH value is 5-7, and the organic fertilizer is rich in active beneficial flora.
7. The planting method of claim 6, wherein: the planting fertilizer is prepared by mixing a compound microbial inoculum and a carrier according to a preset proportion;
wherein: 65-80 parts of carrier and 20-35 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
8. The planting method of claim 7, wherein: the carrier adopts fermented and decomposed agricultural and forestry organic wastes including but not limited to dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, mushroom residues and straws.
9. The planting method of claim 7, wherein: the compound microbial inoculum is prepared from a microbial agent, bean cake powder and active carbon according to a preset proportion.
10. The growing method of claim 9, wherein: the microbial agent comprises: contains potassium bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, azotobacter and bacillus.
CN202111448867.XA 2021-11-30 2021-11-30 Planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil remediation and improvement Pending CN114145095A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115261026A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-11-01 内蒙古民族大学 Saline-alkali soil improver and improving method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106171406A (en) * 2016-07-11 2016-12-07 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 The plantation of a kind of salt-soda soil and transplanting Hibiscus syriacus L. method
CN107517611A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-12-29 天津绿苑园林绿化工程有限公司 A kind of salt-soda soil original soil modification method
CN207040381U (en) * 2017-06-21 2018-02-27 沧州波恩市政园林建设工程有限公司 A kind of heavy saline afforests plant pit desalting system
CN107980265A (en) * 2017-11-27 2018-05-04 林良兵 The method for reducing salt-soda soil alkalescence
CN212911083U (en) * 2020-04-09 2021-04-09 中圣环境科技发展有限公司 Soil dressing structure suitable for trees are planted in improvement saline and alkaline land

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106171406A (en) * 2016-07-11 2016-12-07 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 The plantation of a kind of salt-soda soil and transplanting Hibiscus syriacus L. method
CN107517611A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-12-29 天津绿苑园林绿化工程有限公司 A kind of salt-soda soil original soil modification method
CN207040381U (en) * 2017-06-21 2018-02-27 沧州波恩市政园林建设工程有限公司 A kind of heavy saline afforests plant pit desalting system
CN107980265A (en) * 2017-11-27 2018-05-04 林良兵 The method for reducing salt-soda soil alkalescence
CN212911083U (en) * 2020-04-09 2021-04-09 中圣环境科技发展有限公司 Soil dressing structure suitable for trees are planted in improvement saline and alkaline land

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115261026A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-11-01 内蒙古民族大学 Saline-alkali soil improver and improving method thereof

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