CN112151637A - 一种在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法 - Google Patents
一种在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在表面制绒的非晶硅/晶硅异质结电池上快速低成本制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，涉及钙钛矿太阳电池领域，所述方法为先表面制绒的异质结电池清洗；然后在清洗干净的所述表面制绒的异质结电池表面采用电化学方法制备金属铅层；最后采用电化学方法将表面制绒的异质结电池上含有的所述金属铅层转化为所述钙钛矿薄膜。通过本发明的实施，可以快速低成本地在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备均匀的钙钛矿薄膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钙钛矿太阳电池领域，尤其涉及在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法。
背景技术
晶硅太阳电池在光伏市场中占据90％以上的市场份额，但由于受到单结电池效率极限的限制进一步提升异常困难。而钙钛矿材料由于具有很高的吸收系数、陡峭的吸收边以及可调带隙等优点，成为最有希望产业化的电池之一。结合两者光谱互补优势的钙钛矿/晶硅两端叠层太阳电池逐渐成为研究热点，很有可能成为突破晶硅电池效率极限的新一代太阳电池。而这其中的重点就在于如何实现在表面制绒的非晶硅/晶硅异质结电池上快速低成本制备钙钛矿薄膜。传统的工艺主要包括旋涂法，但无法实现钙钛矿薄膜在表面制绒的异质结电池上均匀连续的覆盖；双源共蒸法，但需要高真空高温的环境，成本较高，且速率较慢。
因此，本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种通过低成本制造工艺，为高效的钙钛矿/晶硅两端叠层太阳电池可控地快速地制备大规模、高质量的钙钛矿薄膜。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何在表面制绒的非晶硅/晶硅异质结电池上快速低成本制备钙钛矿薄膜。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将所述表面制绒的异质结电池清洗干净；
步骤2、在所述清洗干净的表面制绒的异质结电池表面采用电化学法制备金属铅层；
步骤3、采用电化学法将所述金属铅层转化为钙钛矿薄膜。
进一步地，所述步骤1还包括：
步骤1.1、首先将所述表面制绒的异质结电池放置于超声清洗机中清洗；
步骤1.2、然后将所述表面制绒的异质结电池置于紫外线下照射以去除有机污染，提高亲水性。
进一步地，步骤1.1所述清洗为依次用去离子水、丙酮、异丙醇、乙醇各清洗15分钟。
进一步地，所述步骤2还包括：
步骤2.1、将每37.5克的碘化钠和每15ml亚甲基乙二醇叔丁基醚溶解于150ml异丙醇中，搅拌然后过滤取150ml澄清溶液；
步骤2.2、将每1.383克的碘化铅加入150ml所述澄清溶液中搅拌至澄清；
步骤2.3、在电化学工作站中用恒电流法在所述表面制绒的异质结电池上沉积所述金属铅层；
步骤2.4、将制得的带有所述金属铅层的所述表面制绒的异质结电池取出后冲洗并烘干。
进一步地，步骤2.1所述搅拌温度为45℃，搅拌时间为3小时。
进一步地，步骤2.3所述所述恒电流法使用的电流为-5mA(相对开路)，通电时间为400秒。
进一步地，步骤2.4所述冲洗为用异丙醇冲洗。
进一步地，所述步骤3还包括：
步骤3.1、按每1克甲基碘化铵对应100ml异丙醇配比，并在室温下搅拌至澄清，制备所述甲基碘化铵/异丙醇溶液；
步骤3.2、在电化学工作站中用方波电流法将表面制绒的异质结电池上含有的所述金属铅层转化为所述钙钛矿薄膜。
进一步地，所述步骤3.2中所述方波电流法使用的电流为-5mA(相对开路)持续100毫秒，切换至+5mA(相对开路)持续100毫秒，如此为一个周期。
进一步地，所述方波电流法共循环2000个周期即400秒。
本发明的技术效果如下：
1)相比于旋涂法，本发明采用电化学方法可以实现钙钛矿薄膜在表面制绒的异质结电池上均匀连续的覆盖；
2)相比于双源共蒸法，本发明无需高真空和高温条件。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个较佳实施例的流程图；
图2是本发明的一个较佳实施例的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱；
图3是本发明的一个较佳实施例的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片；
图4是本发明的一个较佳实施例的钙钛矿/晶硅叠层太阳电池结构示意图；
图5是本发明的一个较佳实施例的模拟外量子效率(EQE)谱线；
图6是本发明的一个较佳实施例的模拟电流密度-电压(J-V)谱线。
具体实施方式
以下参考说明书附图介绍本发明的多个优选实施例，使其技术内容更加清楚和便于理解。本发明可以通过许多不同形式的实施例来得以体现，本发明的保护范围并非仅限于文中提到的实施例。
如图1所示，本发明的一个较佳实施例以电化学法实现钙钛矿薄膜在表面制绒的异质结电池上均匀连续的覆盖：
步骤1、表面制绒的异质结电池清洗：
步骤1.1、将表面制绒的异质结电池置于超声清洗机中，分别用去离子水、丙酮、异丙醇、乙醇清洗15分钟；
步骤1.2、最后置于紫外线下照射以去除有机污染，提高亲水性；
步骤2、在表面制绒的异质结电池表面制备金属铅层：
步骤2.1、碘化钠溶液的配置：将33.75克碘化钠(NaI，Aladdin试剂，99.99％)和15毫升亚甲基乙二醇叔丁基醚(ETB，Aladdin试剂，99％)溶解于150毫升异丙醇(2-propanol，国药试剂，99.9％)中，在45℃下搅拌3小时然后过滤取150毫升澄清溶液；
步骤2.2、碘化铅溶液的配置：将1.383克碘化铅(PbI2，Sigma-Aldrich，99.99％)加入上述150毫升澄清溶液中搅拌至澄清；
步骤2.3、金属铅层的制备：将表面制绒的异质结电池置于盛有上述澄清溶液的电化学工作站中，用恒电流法在表面制绒的异质结电池上沉积金属铅层，使用的电流为-5mA(相对开路)，通电时间为400s；
步骤2.4、将制得的带有金属铅层的表面制绒的异质结电池取出用异丙醇(2-propanol，国药试剂，99.9％)冲洗并烘干；
步骤3、将表面制绒的异质结电池上含有的所述金属铅层转化为所述钙钛矿薄膜：
步骤3.1、甲基碘化铵溶液的配置：将1克甲基碘化铵(MAI，西安宝莱特，99.9％)溶解于100毫升异丙醇(2-propanol，国药试剂，99.9％)中，在室温下搅拌至澄清。
步骤3.2、在电化学工作站中用方波电流法将表面制绒的异质结电池上含有的所述金属铅层转化为所述钙钛矿薄膜。金属铅层迅速地转化为MAPbI3钙钛矿薄膜。
如图2所示，本发明的一个较佳实施例中得到的MAPbI3钙钛矿薄膜、Pb薄膜和表面制绒的异质结电池XRD图谱。如图3所示，本发明的一个较佳实施例中得到的表面制绒的异质结电池、Pb薄膜和MAPbI3钙钛矿薄膜的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片。结果表明，金属铅层迅速地转化为MAPbI3钙钛矿薄膜。
如图4所示，本发明的一个较佳实施例的钙钛矿/晶硅叠层太阳电池结构示意图，如图5所示，按照此示意图，在FDTD软件中进行建模和模拟计算，得到本发明的一个较佳实施例的模拟外量子效率(EQE)谱线，如图6所示，按照此示意图，在FDTD软件中进行建模和模拟计算，本发明的一个较佳实施例的模拟电流密度-电压(J-V)谱线。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将所述表面制绒的异质结电池清洗干净；
步骤2、在所述清洗干净的表面制绒的异质结电池表面采用电化学法制备金属铅层；
步骤3、采用电化学法将所述金属铅层转化为钙钛矿薄膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1还包括：
步骤1.1、首先将所述表面制绒的异质结电池放置于超声清洗机中清洗；
步骤1.2、然后将所述表面制绒的异质结电池置于紫外线下照射以去除有机污染，提高亲水性。
3.如权利要求1所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，步骤1.1所述清洗为依次用去离子水、丙酮、异丙醇、乙醇各清洗15分钟。
4.如权利要求1所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2还包括：
步骤2.1、将每37.5克的碘化钠和每15ml亚甲基乙二醇叔丁基醚溶解于150ml异丙醇中，搅拌然后过滤取150ml澄清溶液；
步骤2.2、将每1.383克的碘化铅加入150ml所述澄清溶液中搅拌至澄清；
步骤2.3、在电化学工作站中用恒电流法在所述表面制绒的异质结电池上沉积所述金属铅层；
步骤2.4、将制得的带有所述金属铅层的所述表面制绒的异质结电池取出后冲洗并烘干。
5.如权利要求4所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，步骤2.1所述搅拌温度为45℃，搅拌时间为3小时。
6.如权利要求4所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，步骤2.3所述所述恒电流法使用的电流为-5mA(相对开路)，通电时间为400秒。
7.如权利要求4所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，步骤2.4所述冲洗为用异丙醇冲洗。
8.如权利要求1所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3还包括：
步骤3.1、按每1克甲基碘化铵对应100ml异丙醇配比，并在室温下搅拌至澄清，制备所述甲基碘化铵/异丙醇溶液；
步骤3.2、在电化学工作站中用方波电流法将表面制绒的异质结电池上含有的所述金属铅层转化为所述钙钛矿薄膜。
9.如权利要求8所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3.2中所述方波电流法使用的电流为-5mA(相对开路)持续100毫秒，切换至+5mA(相对开路)持续100毫秒，如此为一个周期。
10.如权利要求9所述的在表面制绒的异质结电池上制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，其特征在于，所述方波电流法共循环2000个周期即400秒。
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