CN112142528A - High-nutrition blasting agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-nutrition blasting agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112142528A
CN112142528A CN202011037721.1A CN202011037721A CN112142528A CN 112142528 A CN112142528 A CN 112142528A CN 202011037721 A CN202011037721 A CN 202011037721A CN 112142528 A CN112142528 A CN 112142528A
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straw
nutrition
turning
humus
organic matter
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王其传
祁红英
吴亚胜
李�荣
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Huaian Chaimihe Agriculture Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-nutrition blasting agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-nutrition blasting agent comprises the following steps: preparing culture medium raw materials, preparing the culture medium, inoculating a composite microbial inoculum, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and detecting organic matters, water-soluble organic matters and viable count. The invention also discloses application of the method in on-site rapid humification and field restoration of straws, which comprises the steps of straw collection, crushing, batching, prewetting, regular turning and throwing, straw humus detection, straw humus throwing and returning to the field and soil improvement. The composite microbial inoculum screened by the high-nutrition initiating agent has strong organic matter degradation capability, high temperature resistance, quick activation, quick temperature rise, wide strain adaptability and strong microbial inoculum vitality, and can realize continuous high temperature. The high-nutrition blasting agent disclosed by the invention is high in water-solubility and nutrition, can enable microorganisms to quickly proliferate and explode, and can realize quick decomposition of straws, and high-quality straw humus can be prepared in about 30-45 days after the high-nutrition blasting agent is added into crushed straws under general conditions.

Description

High-nutrition blasting agent and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of initiating agents, in particular to a high-nutrition initiating agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
After crops are harvested, how to treat a large amount of straws is always a problem that governments and farmers are very painful. The environmental and water pollution can be caused by the random throwing and throwing of the straws. In the past, farmers mostly burn straws on the spot, but seriously pollute air, and the state has already stipulated that the straw burning is forbidden. At present, straw utilization can be roughly divided into raw material utilization, fuel utilization, base material utilization, feed utilization and fertilizer utilization. The straw is limited in utilization and high in use cost. Among the various utilization modes of the straws, the most possible and maximum utilization direction is the utilization of fertilizers. The conventional fertilizer utilization mode is mainly organic fertilizer. Conventional organic fertilizer is utilized, straws are bundled and transported to a factory and then are crushed, firstly, the transportation cost is high, the processing difficulty is large, the occupied area of the factory is large, secondly, the land and the environmental protection procedures are difficult to obtain, all of the steps increase the production and use cost of the organic fertilizer, and for field crops, the cost of applying the organic fertilizer is too high, the benefit is not enough to cover the fertilization cost, so the straw fertilization utilization can not be continuously carried out. The straw is quickly humified and returned to the field on site, so that the problems are solved.
One of the high quality guarantees of the on-site rapid humification of the straw is a blasting agent. The initiating explosive is a nutrition regulator prepared by selecting organic substances which are easily utilized by microorganisms, such as sugar and protein, and chemicals which are suitable for the nutrition requirements of beneficial microorganisms according to the nutrition mechanism of the microorganisms according to a certain proportion, and can increase the activity of the microorganisms at the beginning of fermentation to achieve the effect of 'initiation'. At present, the research on the blasting agent applied to the on-site rapid humification of the straws is less, and the effect of applying the blasting agent to the on-site rapid humification of the straws in the market is not ideal and needs to be further researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-nutrition blasting agent, a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the defects of the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a high-nutrition blasting agent, which comprises the following steps:
preparation of culture Medium raw Material
Taking an organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content as a culture medium raw material, wherein pollutants and sanitary indexes in the organic matter meet the standard NY848-2012 of a biological organic fertilizer;
② preparation of culture Medium
Adjusting the water content of the organic matter to about 50 wt% to obtain a culture medium, and adding amino acid according to 5-10% of the mass of the culture medium;
③ inoculating the complex microbial inoculum
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by compounding saccharomycetes, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and rhizopus fungi according to the viable bacteria number ratio of 2-3: 1:0.5:1:1, wherein the inoculation proportion is that 1.5-3L (the total viable bacteria number is 10) of the composite microbial inoculum is inoculated to each ton of culture medium (dry weight)11On the order of one/ml);
fourthly, aerobic fermentation
After inoculation, stacking the culture medium into a triangular stack with the width of 1.5-2 meters and the height of 1-1.5 meters, turning and throwing once a day, and after 10-15 days, air-drying when the temperature is stabilized at 35-40 ℃ or drying at low temperature under the condition of 45 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 30%;
fifthly, detecting organic matters, water-soluble organic matters and viable count
The total organic matter is required to be 30-35 wt%, the water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 7 wt%, N is more than or equal to 10 wt%, and if the amino acid is not enough to complement, P is sufficient2O5Not less than 3%, and effective viable count not less than 2 x 108And/g, if the dosage is insufficient, the original complex microbial inoculum is used for complement.
Further, the organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content in the step I is one or more of kitchen waste or kitchen waste, residual sludge of a domestic sewage treatment plant, alcohol fermentation sludge, biogas fermentation sludge, beet sugar residue or sugar making sludge or molasses and the like which are mixed in quality.
And further adjusting the water content of the organic matter to be about 50 wt% by using rice bran or wheat bran or wood dust as a water regulator in the step II.
Further, the amino acid in the step (II) is animal source amino acid.
Further, the bacillus in the third step is one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus pumilus, and one is selected according to the type of the straw.
Further, still include: step sixthly, quantitatively packaging for standby
The variety and quantity of the strain and the C, N, P content can be blended into a special product aiming at certain straw according to the straw category and variety, and the straw can be directly added according to a certain proportion on the site of rapid humification of the straw.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a high-nutrition blasting agent, which is prepared by any one of the preparation methods.
The third aspect of the invention provides an application of the high-nutrition blasting agent prepared by any one of the preparation methods in on-site rapid humification and field restoration of straws, which comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and crushing straw: collecting straws, and crushing to below 5 cm;
2) preparing materials and prewetting: uniformly mixing straws and a high-nutrition blasting agent, adjusting the mass ratio of effective carbon elements to nitrogen elements, namely effective C/N, of the straw rapid humification mixed material, adding water to adjust the water content to 55-62 wt%, mixing, pre-wetting, stacking and fermenting;
3) and regularly turning and throwing: 7-10 days after the pile is built, when the central temperature of the pile body is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, and the first turning is carried out, so that the raw materials are uniformly mixed inside and outside, and the oxygen supply is increased; when the central temperature of the stack is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, namely 10-15 days after the first turning, the second turning is carried out, water is supplemented to reach 50-55 wt% of water content according to circumstances, the third turning is carried out 10-15 days after the second turning, and the height of the stack is kept unchanged after each turning; after the third turning, no turning is carried out, and stable straw humus can be formed after 30-45 days of stacking;
4) and detecting the humus of the straw: detecting the content of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the straw humus;
5) and throwing straw humus to return the field and improving soil: calculating the use amount of the straw humus according to a Stanford formula by combining the detection result of the straw humus; mechanically spreading straw humus into a field in the base fertilizer application time to improve the soil; straw humus is used to replace part or all of chemical fertilizer.
Further, in the step 2), the formula and the use proportion of the high-nutrition blasting agent are determined according to the type and the variety of the straw, the effective C/N of the straw fast humification mixed material is specifically adjusted according to the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of the straw, and the higher the content of the lignin is, the higher the adjustment of the effective C/N of the straw fast humification mixed material is.
Further, in the step 2), the stack body can be built into a trapezoidal strip pile with the width of 5-6 meters, the height of 2.5 meters and unlimited length according to the material quantity; or a platform-type stack body with the height of 2-2.5 meters and unlimited length and width is built; optionally, a rain-proof membrane may be covered.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the composite microbial inoculum screened by the high-nutrition initiating agent has strong organic matter degradation capability, high temperature resistance (the microbial inoculum still has activity at 70 ℃), quick activation and quick temperature rise; the strain has wide adaptability, and microorganisms in the high-nutrition initiating agent can normally ferment at a lower temperature (the temperature is-30 to-40 ℃); the microbial inoculum has strong vitality, the complex bacteria form the relationship of food chain in the process of decomposing organic matters, and the activity of one bacteria provides nutrition for the next level of microorganism, so that continuous high temperature can be realized.
2. The high-nutrition initiating explosive disclosed by the invention is high in water-soluble nutrition, can enable microorganisms to quickly proliferate and detonate, and realizes quick decomposition of straws, generally, high-quality straw humus can be prepared after the crushed straws are added with the high-nutrition initiating explosive for about 30-45 days, and the whole straws are returned to the field after being quickly humified, so that 30-50% of chemical fertilizers can be replaced.
3. The high-nutrition blasting agent has the advantages of special formula, shaped product, high fermentation speed, good fertilizer quality and simple and convenient application. The dosage of the straw is determined according to the yield by different formulas of different straws. Preparing a quantitative high-nutrition detonating agent finished product of a special formula according to different crop types, varieties and yield levels, and directly mixing the finished product with straws on site. The straw can be humified rapidly under the outdoor temperature of-40 ℃.
4. The straw humus prepared by the high-nutrition blasting agent has high quality, is beneficial to crop growth and ecological maintenance, can partially or completely replace chemical fertilizers, has low use cost, and can be used by farmers even for field crops.
5. The functional microorganism (high-nutrition initiating agent) is inoculated in the straw through rapid humification, the utilization rate of straw humus is improved, the soil micro-ecological community is controlled, the harmful microorganism in the soil is inhibited, and the crop disease is reduced.
6. The invention realizes the on-site rapid humification of the straws and the returning of the straws, replaces part or all of chemical fertilizers with straw humus, and realizes the recycling of agricultural wastes and straws, the improvement of soil fertility and the sustainable development of agriculture.
7. The straw collection and crushing integrated machine has the advantages that the straw collection and crushing are integrated, the time and the cost are saved, all the straw rapid humification operations are completed in the field, the transportation distance and the transportation cost of the straw and straw humus are greatly reduced, and meanwhile, a large amount of straw collection, storage and processing fields are saved.
8. The invention can realize all mechanized operations of straw collection, crushing, high-nutrition initiator inoculation, turning and accelerated fermentation and straw humus application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the high-nutrition blasting agent of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention for on-site rapid humification of straw and its application to field.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature change of the compost within 35 days after inoculation of the high-nutrition initiating explosive in the rice straw humification test.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the color and morphology of rice straw 35 days after inoculation of a high-nutrition priming agent in a rice straw humification test.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The following examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A preparation method of a high-nutrition blasting agent is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
preparation of culture Medium raw Material
Taking an organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content as a culture medium raw material, wherein the organic matter is one or more of kitchen waste or kitchen waste, residual sludge of a domestic sewage treatment plant, alcohol fermentation sludge, biogas fermentation sludge, beet sugar residue or sugar making sludge or molasses and the like, and the content of pollutants in the organic matter and sanitary indexes meet the bio-organic fertilizer standard NY 848-2012;
② preparation of culture Medium
Adjusting the water content of the organic matter to about 50 wt% by taking rice bran or wheat bran or sawdust as a water regulator to obtain a culture medium, and adding amino acid according to 5-10% of the mass of the culture medium, wherein the amino acid is animal-derived amino acid prepared by taking livestock and poultry fur (feather) or livestock and poultry remains and the like as raw materials;
③ inoculating the complex microbial inoculum
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by compounding saccharomycetes, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and rhizopus fungi according to the viable bacteria number ratio of 2-3: 1:0.5:1:1, wherein the inoculation proportion is that 1.5-3L (the total viable bacteria number is 10) of the composite microbial inoculum is inoculated to each ton of culture medium (dry weight)11Number of one/mlStage); wherein the bacillus is one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus pumilus, one is selected according to the type of the straw, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is selected for straw with grass quality or softer straw, the bacillus pumilus is selected for straw with high lignification degree or more waxy surface, and the bacillus subtilis is between the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the bacillus pumilus;
fourthly, aerobic fermentation
After inoculation, stacking the culture medium into a triangular stack with the width of 1.5-2 meters and the height of 1-1.5 meters, turning and throwing once a day by using a turner, and after 10-15 days, air-drying when the temperature is stabilized at 35-40 ℃ or drying at low temperature under the condition of 45 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 30%;
fifthly, detecting organic matters, water-soluble organic matters and viable count
The total organic matter is required to be 30-35 wt%, the water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 7 wt%, N is more than or equal to 10 wt%, and if the amino acid is not enough to complement, P is sufficient2O5Not less than 3%, and effective viable count not less than 2 x 108If the quantity is insufficient, the original complex microbial inoculum is used for complement;
sixth, quantitatively packaging for standby
The variety and quantity of the strain and the C, N, P content can be blended into special products aiming at certain straws according to the type and variety of the straws, such as a rice straw high-nutrition blasting agent, a corn straw high-nutrition blasting agent and the like, and the straws can be directly added in proportion according to the straw amount on a rapid humification site.
The high-nutrition blasting agent prepared by the method is used for on-site rapid humification of the straws and returning the straws to the field, as shown in figure 2, and comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and crushing straw: collecting straws, and crushing the straws to be less than 5cm, wherein the straws include rice straws, corn straws, wheat straws, soybean straws, vegetable straws and the like, but are not limited thereto; the specific operation is as follows:
if the straws are crushed by the harvester and the crushing degree is below 5cm, a wind suction type straw pickup machine is adopted to directly collect and transport the straws to a concentration point from the field;
if the straws are not crushed during harvesting, collecting the straws from the field and crushing the straws to 3-5 cm by adopting a picking and crushing integrated machine, and then transporting the straws to a concentration point;
if the straws are bundled, crushing the straws to 3-5 cm by using a bundle crushing machine at a concentration point;
2) preparing materials and prewetting: uniformly mixing straws and a high-nutrition blasting agent, determining a formula and a use proportion of the high-nutrition blasting agent according to the types and varieties of the straws, specifically adjusting the mass ratio of effective carbon elements to nitrogen elements, namely effective C/N, of the straw fast-humification mixed material according to the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of the straws, wherein the higher the content of the lignin is, the higher the adjustment of the effective C/N of the straw fast-humification mixed material is, for example, the effective C/N of the rice straw fast-humification mixed material is 20-23: 1, the effective C/N of the corn straw fast-humification mixed material is 24-28: 1, the effective C/N of the wheat straw fast-humification mixed material is 30-32: 1, the effective C/N of the soybean straw fast-humification mixed material is 32-35: 1, adding water to adjust the water content to 55-62 wt%, after mixing and prewetting, stacking and fermenting, and building a stack into a trapezoidal strip pile with the width of 5-6 meters, the height of 2.5 meters and unlimited length according to the material quantity; or a platform-type stack body with the height of 2-2.5 meters and unlimited length and width is built; optionally, a rain-proof film may be covered;
3) and regularly turning and throwing: 7-10 days after the pile is built, when the central temperature of the pile body is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, and the first turning is carried out, so that the raw materials are uniformly mixed inside and outside, and the oxygen supply is increased; when the central temperature of the stack is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, namely 10-15 days after the first turning, the second turning is carried out, water is supplemented to reach 50-55 wt% of water content according to circumstances, the third turning is carried out 10-15 days after the second turning, and the height of the stack is kept unchanged after each turning; after the third turning, no turning is carried out, and stable straw humus can be formed after 30-45 days of stacking; wherein, the trapezoidal strip stack body is turned and thrown by a bridge type turner, and the platform type stack body is turned and thrown by a chain plate type turner; or turning the pile body by using a loading vehicle and an excavator;
4) and detecting the humus of the straw: detecting the content of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the straw humus;
5) and throwing straw humus to return the field and improving soil: calculating the use amount of the straw humus according to a Stanford formula by combining the detection result of the straw humus; mechanically spreading straw humus into a field in the base fertilizer application time to improve the soil; straw humus, namely organic fertilizer, is used for replacing part or all of chemical fertilizer.
Example 1
Test site, time: changan Zhentongri Xincun in Fujin City of Heilongjiang province, quickly humifying field straws in 2018 in winter, and applying straw humus to sow in 2019 in spring;
test types and varieties: straw crop: corn (Jidong 56), straw humus crop to be applied: corn (Jidong 56);
the test process comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and crushing straw: collecting corn stalks, and crushing to below 5 cm;
2) preparing materials and prewetting: the straws and the high-nutrition blasting agent are uniformly mixed, the effective C/N of the fast humification mixed material of the corn straws in the embodiment is 25:1, water is added to adjust the water content to 60 wt%, and the mixture is pre-wetted and then piled for fermentation, so that the pile is built into a trapezoidal strip pile with the width of 5 meters, the height of 2.5 meters and the length of 10 meters;
the high-nutrition blasting agent is prepared by the following steps:
preparation of culture Medium raw Material
Taking an organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content as a culture medium raw material, taking the organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content as a mass mixture of kitchen waste, alcohol fermentation sludge and the like, wherein the content of pollutants in the organic matter and sanitary indexes meet the standard NY848-2012 of bio-organic fertilizers;
② preparation of culture Medium
Adjusting the water content of the organic matter to about 50 wt% by taking rice bran as a water regulator to obtain a culture medium, adding amino acid according to 8% of the mass of the culture medium, wherein the amino acid is animal-derived amino acid prepared by taking livestock and poultry fur (feather) or livestock and poultry remains as raw materials, and the content of free amino acid is more than or equal to 20%;
③ inoculating the complex microbial inoculum
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by compounding saccharomycetes, bacillus, lactobacillus, actinomycetes and rhizopus fungi according to the viable bacteria number ratio of 3:1:0.5:1:1, and the inoculation proportion is that 2.5L (the total viable bacteria number is 10) of the composite microbial inoculum is inoculated to each ton of culture medium (dry weight)11On the order of one/ml); wherein the bacillus is bacillus amyloliquefaciens;
fourthly, aerobic fermentation
After inoculation, stacking the culture medium into a triangular stack with the width of 1.5 m and the height of 1 m, turning and throwing once a day by using a turner, and after 12 days, air-drying when the temperature is stabilized at 35-40 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 30%;
fifthly, detecting organic matters, water-soluble organic matters and viable count
35 wt% of total organic matter, 8 wt% of water-soluble organic matter, N11 wt%, and P2O55 wt%, effective viable count 5 x 108Per gram;
3) and regularly turning and throwing: 8 days after the pile is built, when the central temperature of the pile body is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the rear temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, and the first turning is carried out by using a bridge type turning machine, so that the raw materials are uniformly mixed inside and outside, and the oxygen supply is increased; when the central temperature of the stack is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, namely 12 days after the first turning, the second turning is carried out, water is supplemented to reach 55 wt% of water content according to circumstances, the third turning is carried out 10 days after the second turning, and the height of the stack is kept unchanged after each turning; after the third turning, the turning is not carried out, and stable straw humus can be formed after the pile is built for 38 days;
4) and detecting the humus of the straw: detecting the content of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the straw humus; organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus (P)2O5) Potassium (K)2O) content of 55.4%, 1.82%, 1.735%, 1.54%, respectively;
5) and throwing straw humus to return the field and improving soil: calculating the use amount of the straw humus according to a Stanford formula by combining the detection result of the straw humus; mechanically spreading straw humus into a field in the base fertilizer application time to improve the soil; straw humus is used for replacing part or all of chemical fertilizers;
6) sowing corns and performing conventional management;
and (3) test results: as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of fast humification of maize stalks in field on maize yield
Humus of corn stalk (kg/mu) 0 500 500 500 500 0
Compound fertilizer (NPK15-15-15) (kg/mu) 45 45 30 15 0 0
Corn yield (kg/mu) 980 1040 960 920 860 740
The humus and compound fertilizer of corn stalk are applied to soil before sowing
Example 2
Test site, time: in the Hongze area of Huaian city of Huaian province of Jiangsu, the straws are quickly humified in 2019 spring, and the straws are humus to be transplanted in summer;
test types and varieties: straw crop: rice (Nanjing 9108), straw humus crops to be applied: rice (nanjing 9108);
the test process comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and crushing straw: collecting rice straws, and crushing to be less than 5 cm;
2) preparing materials and prewetting: uniformly mixing straws and a high-nutrition blasting agent, wherein the effective C/N of the rapid humification mixed material of the rice straws in the embodiment is 20:1, adding water to adjust the water content to 60 wt%, mixing, prewetting, stacking, fermenting, and building a stack into a trapezoidal strip pile with the width of 5 meters, the height of 2.5 meters and the length of 10 meters;
the high-nutrition blasting agent is prepared by the following steps:
preparation of culture Medium raw Material
Taking an organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content as a culture medium raw material, taking the organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content as a mass mixture of kitchen waste, alcohol fermentation sludge and the like, wherein the content of pollutants in the organic matter and sanitary indexes meet the standard NY848-2012 of bio-organic fertilizers;
② preparation of culture Medium
Adjusting the water content of the organic matter to about 50 wt% by taking rice bran as a water regulator to obtain a culture medium, adding amino acid according to 8% of the mass of the culture medium, wherein the amino acid is animal-derived amino acid prepared by taking livestock and poultry fur (feather) or livestock and poultry remains as raw materials, and the content of free amino acid is more than or equal to 20%);
③ inoculating the complex microbial inoculum
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by compounding saccharomycetes, bacillus, lactobacillus, actinomycetes and rhizopus fungi according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 2:1:0.5:1:1The inoculation proportion is that each ton of culture medium (dry weight) is inoculated with 2.5L of the compound microbial inoculum (the total number of viable bacteria is 10)11On the order of one/ml); wherein the bacillus is bacillus subtilis;
fourthly, aerobic fermentation
After inoculation, stacking the culture medium into a triangular stack with the width of 1.5 m and the height of 1 m, turning and throwing once a day by using a turner, and after 12 days, air-drying when the temperature is stabilized at 35-40 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 30%;
fifthly, detecting organic matters, water-soluble organic matters and viable count
35 percent of total organic matter, 8 percent of water-soluble organic matter, N11wt percent and P2O55 wt%, effective viable count 5 x 108Per gram;
3) and regularly turning and throwing: 8 days after the pile is built, when the central temperature of the pile body is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the rear temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, and the first turning is carried out by using a bridge type turning machine, so that the raw materials are uniformly mixed inside and outside, and the oxygen supply is increased; when the central temperature of the stack is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, namely 10 days after the first turning, the second turning is carried out, water is supplemented to reach 55 wt% of water content according to circumstances, the third turning is carried out 10 days after the second turning, and the height of the stack is kept unchanged after each turning; after the third turning, the turning is not carried out, and stable straw humus can be formed after the pile is built for 35 days; the temperature change diagram of the heap within 35 days after inoculation of the high-nutrition blasting agent in the rice straw humification test is shown in figure 3; the color and the form of the rice straw 35 days after the inoculation of the high-nutrition blasting agent in the rice straw humification test are shown in figure 4;
4) and detecting the humus of the straw: detecting the content of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the straw humus; organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus (P)2O5) Potassium (K)2O) content of 52%, 1.91%, 1.62% and 1.06% respectively;
5) and throwing straw humus to return the field and improving soil: calculating the use amount of the straw humus according to a Stanford formula by combining the detection result of the straw humus; mechanically spreading straw humus into a field in the base fertilizer application time to improve the soil; straw humus, namely organic fertilizer, is used for replacing part or all of chemical fertilizer;
6) sowing rice and performing conventional management;
and (3) test results: as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of rapid humification of rice straw in field on yield
Compound fertilizer (kg/mu) 50(NPK15-15-15) 50(NPK 19-6-16) 30(NPK 19-6-16)
Humic substance of rice straw (kg/mu) 0 0 200
Rice yield (kg/mu) 1142 1261 1271
The humus and compound fertilizer of rice straw are applied to soil before transplanting rice seedlings

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a high-nutrition blasting agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparation of culture Medium raw Material
Taking an organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content as a culture medium raw material, wherein pollutants and sanitary indexes in the organic matter meet the standard NY848-2012 of a biological organic fertilizer;
② preparation of culture Medium
Adjusting the water content of the organic matter to about 50 wt% to obtain a culture medium, and adding amino acid according to 5-10% of the mass of the culture medium;
③ inoculating the complex microbial inoculum
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by compounding saccharomycetes, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and rhizopus fungi according to the viable bacteria number ratio of 2-3: 1:0.5:1:1, wherein the inoculation proportion is that 1.5-3L (the total viable bacteria number is 10) of the composite microbial inoculum is inoculated to each ton of culture medium (dry weight)11On the order of one/ml);
fourthly, aerobic fermentation
After inoculation, stacking the culture medium into a triangular stack with the width of 1.5-2 meters and the height of 1-1.5 meters, turning and throwing once a day, and after 10-15 days, air-drying when the temperature is stabilized at 35-40 ℃ or drying at low temperature under the condition of 45 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 30%;
fifthly, detecting organic matters, water-soluble organic matters and viable count
The total organic matter is required to be 30-35 wt%, the water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 7 wt%, N is more than or equal to 10 wt%, and if the amino acid is not enough to complement, P is sufficient2O5Not less than 3%, and effective viable count not less than 2 x 108And/g, if the dosage is insufficient, the original complex microbial inoculum is used for complement.
2. The preparation method of the high-nutrition blasting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic matter with high water-soluble organic matter content in the step (i) is one or more of kitchen waste or kitchen waste, residual sludge of domestic sewage treatment plants, alcohol fermentation sludge, biogas fermentation sludge, sugar beet pulp or sugar making sludge or molasses which are mixed in equal mass.
3. The method for preparing high nutrition blasting agent according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the organic matter is adjusted to about 50 wt% by using rice bran or wheat bran or wood dust as a water content adjusting agent in the step (II).
4. The method for preparing a high nutritional detonator according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid in step (ii) is an animal-derived amino acid.
5. The method for preparing a high nutritional detonator according to claim 1, wherein the bacillus in step (iii) is one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus pumilus, and one is selected according to the type of straw.
6. The method for preparing a high nutritional detonator according to claim 1, further comprising: step sixthly, quantitatively packaging for standby
The variety and quantity of the strain and the C, N, P content can be blended into a special product aiming at certain straw according to the straw category and variety, and the straw can be directly added according to a certain proportion on the site of rapid humification of the straw.
7. A high nutrient initiator, characterized in that it is prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The application of the high-nutrition blasting agent prepared by any one of claims 1 to 6 in-situ rapid humification and field reduction of straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting and crushing straw: collecting straws, and crushing to below 5 cm;
2) preparing materials and prewetting: uniformly mixing straws and a high-nutrition blasting agent, adjusting the mass ratio of effective carbon elements to nitrogen elements, namely effective C/N, of the straw rapid humification mixed material, adding water to adjust the water content to 55-62 wt%, mixing, pre-wetting, stacking and fermenting;
3) and regularly turning and throwing: 7-10 days after the pile is built, when the central temperature of the pile body is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, and the first turning is carried out, so that the raw materials are uniformly mixed inside and outside, and the oxygen supply is increased; when the central temperature of the stack is stabilized at 55-65 ℃, the temperature begins to drop to about 50 ℃, namely 10-15 days after the first turning, the second turning is carried out, water is supplemented to reach 50-55 wt% of water content according to circumstances, the third turning is carried out 10-15 days after the second turning, and the height of the stack is kept unchanged after each turning; after the third turning, no turning is carried out, and stable straw humus can be formed after 30-45 days of stacking;
4) and detecting the humus of the straw: detecting the content of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the straw humus;
5) and throwing straw humus to return the field and improving soil: calculating the use amount of the straw humus according to a Stanford formula by combining the detection result of the straw humus; mechanically spreading straw humus into a field in the base fertilizer application time to improve the soil; straw humus is used to replace part or all of chemical fertilizer.
9. The application of claim 8, wherein the formula and the use ratio of the high-nutrition blasting agent are determined according to the type and variety of the straw in the step 2), the effective C/N of the straw fast-humification mixed material is adjusted according to the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of the straw, and the higher the content of the lignin is, the higher the adjustment of the effective C/N of the straw fast-humification mixed material is.
10. The application of claim 8, wherein in the step 2), the stack body can be built into a trapezoidal strip stack with the width of 5-6 meters, the height of 2.5 meters and unlimited length according to the material amount; or a platform-type stack body with the height of 2-2.5 meters and unlimited length and width is built; optionally, a rain-proof membrane may be covered.
CN202011037721.1A 2020-09-28 2020-09-28 High-nutrition blasting agent and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN112142528A (en)

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CN105176881A (en) * 2015-10-16 2015-12-23 杭州标航生物科技有限公司 High-efficiency engineering bacteria agent and method for producing active biological organic fertilizer
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