CN112134032A - Phased array antenna based on subarray arrangement and system thereof - Google Patents
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phased array antenna based on subarray arrangement, which comprises a plurality of subarray units, wherein the subarray units are arranged in a staggered manner, and a phased array antenna structure constructed by the staggered arrangement of the subarray units is a structure which simultaneously meets central symmetry and axial symmetry; the symmetric center of the central symmetry is the origin of a coordinate system formed by the symmetric axes of the axial symmetry. On the premise of ensuring the performance of the phased array antenna, the cost of the phased array antenna is reduced, when the range of the scanning angle is within 20 degrees, the invention reduces 50% of radio frequency channels, and the performance is equivalent to that of the traditional phased array, thereby saving 50% of cost and power consumption; when the scan angle is 60 °, the invention can save 29.7% of cost and power consumption without sacrificing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a phased array antenna based on subarray arrangement and a system thereof.
Background
The concept of phased arrays was derived in 1889, but simple two-source arrays were not tested successfully until 1906, short-wave radios were available in the 20 th century, low-frequency antenna arrays were available during world war ii, and phased array radar technology was greatly developed and used in the 60 th century, when it was primarily used to detect spatial targets. Phased array antennas are widely used nowadays, but different application scenarios have different requirements for the operation of phased array antennas, for example, 5G high frequency base stations require that the phased array level achieve coverage of ± 60 ° and pitch of ± 15 °, while satellite-loaded phased array antennas require circular coverage, i.e. the scanning capability in each direction is equivalent.
Phased array antennas have the ability to direct beams, rapidly change beam shapes, and easily form multiple beams, allowing power combining of signals to be spatially formed. Due to the above characteristics, the phased array antenna is widely applied to the fields of military, aviation, wireless communication and the like. Although the phased array antenna has many advantages, each radiating element of the phased array antenna needs to be connected with a radio frequency channel for gain improvement and phase adjustment, which greatly increases the manufacturing cost and obviously raises the threshold for the use of the phased array antenna.
In order to reduce the cost of the conventional phased array, a great number of researchers in recent years use a sparse array and a sparse array to reduce the number of radio frequency channels by reducing the number of radiating elements of the array under the same antenna aperture based on an optimization algorithm, so as to reduce the cost of the phased array antenna. However, the array unit positions obtained by the optimization algorithm are random, and the distances of some radiation units in the sparse array become large due to cancellation of some radiation units with little contribution, which may increase the sidelobe level of the phased array antenna, and even cause grating lobes, thereby greatly affecting the performance of the array. In addition, sparse processing of the sparse array and the sparse array on the antenna can cause inconsistent radiation boundary conditions of each antenna unit, so that the extracted unit directional diagram has no universality, and the comprehensive accuracy of the array directional diagram is influenced.
On the other hand, adjacent radiating elements in the phased array form a sub-array to share one radio frequency channel, and the number of the radio frequency channels can be effectively reduced, so that the cost of the phased array is reduced. Usually, these sub-arrays are regular rectangles, which results in too large a distance between the phase centers of the sub-arrays, which is much larger than half the wavelength of the medium, and may exceed one medium wavelength and even reach several medium wavelengths. This results in grating lobes in the array that greatly degrade the performance of the phased array.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of reducing the cost of a phased array antenna on the premise of ensuring the performance of the phased array antenna, and provides the phased array antenna based on sub-array arrangement.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a phased array antenna based on subarray arrangement comprises a plurality of subarray units, wherein the subarray units are arranged in a staggered mode, and a phased array antenna structure constructed by the staggered arrangement of the subarray units is a structure which simultaneously meets central symmetry and axial symmetry; the symmetric center of the central symmetry is the origin of a coordinate system formed by the symmetric axes of the axial symmetry.
In the scheme, the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of sub-array units, the sub-array units are arranged in a staggered mode to form a phased array antenna structure, and the phased array antenna structure simultaneously meets central symmetry and axial symmetry; the symmetric center of the central symmetry is the origin of a coordinate system formed by the symmetric axes of the central symmetry, namely, the phased array antenna structure is a central symmetry pattern, and the phased array antenna takes the symmetric center as two coordinate axes formed by the origin, and the two coordinate axes are respectively in an axisymmetric structure. The subarray unit comprises at least two antenna units, the subarray unit is driven by 1 radio frequency channel, the number of the radio frequency channels is effectively reduced, and the cost and the power consumption of the phased array antenna are greatly reduced. The staggered arrangement of the sub-array units not only effectively inhibits grating lobes, but also ensures the scanning capability of the phased array antenna, and the symmetry of the phased array antenna ensures that the phased array antenna realizes circular area coverage, so the invention is particularly suitable for satellite communication, ground mobile communication and the like, but is not only limited to the application of the two types.
Preferably, the distances between the adjacent antenna units are equal, the range is 0.45-0.7 wavelength, the distance between the sub-arrays is prevented from being overlarge by controlling the distance of the antenna units, the probability of occurrence of grating lobes is effectively reduced, and the performance of the phased array antenna is improved.
Preferably, the antenna unit may be a microstrip antenna, but is not limited to a microstrip antenna.
As a further technical aspect of the inventionAnd the mass center of the subarray is the phase center of the subarray, and the phase difference between the subarray units satisfies the following conditions: thetai＝diD is the projection distance of the phase center of the adjacent antenna unit, theta phase difference is the phase difference of the adjacent antenna unit, diAnd determining phase difference for the projection distance between the phase centers of the sub-array units through the distance of the phase centers, and designing the feed phase of each sub-array during phased array beam scanning.
The invention also provides a phased array antenna system based on subarray arrangement, which comprises: the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of phased array antenna assemblies, each phased array antenna assembly comprises a plurality of sub-array units (1), the sub-array units (1) are arranged in a staggered mode, and a phased array antenna structure formed by the staggered arrangement is a structure which simultaneously meets central symmetry and axial symmetry.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the phased array antenna based on the subarray arrangement, the plurality of subarrays are arranged in a staggered mode to form the phased array antenna in a rotationally symmetrical arrangement mode, so that not only are grating lobes effectively suppressed, but also the scanning capability in all directions is the same, the coverage area is ensured to be a circular area, and the phased array antenna based on the subarray arrangement is very beneficial to an application scene of satellite loads.
2. The phased array antenna based on the subarray arrangement forms the subarray by using a method that 1 radio frequency channel drives a plurality of antenna units in the same phase with equal power, and then arranges the subarray into the phased array antenna, thereby effectively reducing the number of the radio frequency channels and greatly reducing the cost and the power consumption of the phased array antenna.
3. The phased array antenna based on the subarray arrangement reduces the cost of the phased array antenna, and simultaneously still maintains the optimal performance of the phased array. The scanning angle can reach 60 degrees, and compared with the traditional phased array, the cost and the power consumption can be saved by 50 percent when the scanning angle is within 20 degrees, and the cost and the power consumption can be saved by 29.7 percent when the scanning angle is more than 20 degrees and less than 60 degrees.
4. The phased array antenna based on the subarray arrangement determines the phase difference according to the distance of the subarrays according to the phase center, and is used for designing the feed phase of each subarray during phased array beam scanning.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phased array antenna;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sub-array unit structure;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of two phased array antennas at a scan angle of 0;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of two phased array antennas at a scan angle of 10;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of two phased array antennas at a scan angle of 20;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of two phased array antennas at a scan angle of 60;
FIG. 7 is a graph of gain versus scan angle for two phased array antennas of the same element size;
FIG. 8 is a graph of gain versus scan angle for two phased array antennas of different element sizes, with the same gain for 60 ° of scan;
fig. 9 is an antenna system comprised of a plurality of phased array antennas.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names:
1-subarray unit, 11-antenna unit,.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: it is not necessary to employ these specific details to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1-2 are schematic diagrams of the structure of a phased array antenna based on a sub-array arrangement according to the present invention.
A phased array antenna based on subarray arrangement comprises a plurality of subarray units 1, wherein the subarray units 1 are arranged in a staggered mode, and a phased array antenna structure constructed by the staggered arrangement of the subarray units 1 is a structure which simultaneously meets central symmetry and axial symmetry; the symmetric center of the central symmetry is the origin of a coordinate system formed by the symmetric axes of the axial symmetry.
In the scheme, the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of sub-array units 1, the sub-array units 1 are arranged in a staggered mode to form a phased array antenna structure, and the phased array antenna structure simultaneously meets central symmetry and axial symmetry; the symmetric center of the central symmetry is the origin of a coordinate system formed by the symmetric axes of the central symmetry, namely, the phased array antenna structure is a central symmetry pattern, and the phased array antenna takes the symmetric center as two coordinate axes formed by the origin, and the two coordinate axes are respectively in an axisymmetric structure. The subarray unit 1 comprises at least two antenna units 11, the subarray unit 1 is driven by 1 radio frequency channel, the number of the radio frequency channels is effectively reduced, and the cost and the power consumption of the phased array antenna are greatly reduced. The staggered arrangement of the sub-array units 1 not only effectively inhibits grating lobes, but also ensures the scanning capability of the phased array antenna, and the symmetry of the phased array antenna ensures that the phased array antenna realizes circular area coverage, so the invention is particularly suitable for satellite communication, ground mobile communication and the like, but is not only limited to the application of the two types.
As shown in fig. 3-8, the correlation data is obtained based on the distance between the antenna elements 11 being 0.5 operating wavelengths, the antenna elements 11 being obtained for microstrip antennas.
As shown in fig. 3-5, which are diagrams of the radiation patterns of the phased array antenna based on the sub-array arrangement and the conventional phased array antenna when the scanning angles are 0 °, -10 °, -20 °, it can be seen from the illustrations that when the scanning angles are within the range of 20 °, the main lobe gain and the side lobe level of the phased array antenna of the present invention and the conventional phased array antenna are very close, but the present invention saves 50% of the radio frequency channel, and thus can save 50% of the cost and power consumption.
When the scanning angle is 60 ° as shown in fig. 6, the main lobe gain of the phased array antenna with the sub-array arrangement proposed by the present invention is reduced compared with the conventional phased array antenna, but the reduction is not large. Therefore, the maximum scanning angle range of the phased array antenna with the sub-array arrangement provided by the invention can reach 60 degrees.
As shown in fig. 7, when the scanning angle is within 20 °, the main lobe gain of the phased array antenna of the sub-array arrangement of the present invention is almost the same as that of the conventional phased array antenna, and when the scanning angle is within 60 ° other than 20 °, the main lobe gain of the phased array antenna of the sub-array arrangement of the present invention is slightly lowered as compared with that of the conventional phased array antenna.
Based on the phased array antenna, the number of the sub-arrays can be increased to improve the gain of the antenna. In order to reflect the cost comparison, the following compares the uniformly arranged conventional phased array antenna with the main lobe gain as a standard, as shown in table 1 and fig. 8, when the scanning angle is 60 °, the phased array antenna arranged in a sub-array provided by the present invention can reach the standard of the conventional phased array only by 180 radio frequency channels, so that the present invention can still save 29.7% of cost and power consumption. In addition, the cost and the power consumption of the phased array are effectively reduced, and as can be seen from fig. 7, when the scanning angle is within 60 degrees, the main lobe gain of the phased array antenna arranged in the sub-array is obviously higher than that of the traditional phased array antenna.
TABLE 1 data comparison of two phased array antennas at a scan angle of 60 °
| Conventional phased array | The phased array antenna of the invention | |
| Antenna array scale | 256 | 360 |
| Number of RF channels | 256 | 180 |
| Normal gain (dBi) | 28.1 | 29.56 |
| 60 degree gain (dBi) | 23.9 | 23.9 |
| Saving the number of |
0 | 29.7％ |
Embodiment 2, the invention also discloses a phased array antenna system consisting of a plurality of phased array antennas.
As shown in fig. 9, the phased array antenna system is composed of a plurality of the above-described phased array antennas based on the sub-array arrangement, providing a larger phased array antenna system.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A phased array antenna based on a sub-array arrangement,
the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of sub-array units (1), wherein the sub-array units (1) are arranged in a staggered mode, and a phased array antenna structure formed by the staggered arrangement meets the requirements of central symmetry and axial symmetry.
2. Phased array antenna based on a subarray arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the phased array antenna structure has two axes of symmetry, the two axes of symmetry being perpendicular to each other.
3. The phased array antenna based on a subarray arrangement according to claim 2, wherein an intersection of the two symmetry axes is a symmetry center of the central symmetry.
4. A phased array antenna based on a sub-array arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the sub-array elements comprise at least two antenna elements (11).
5. Phased array antenna based on a subarray arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that any one of the subarray elements (1) is driven by 1 radio frequency channel.
6. Phased array antenna based on a subarray arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the distance of the centroid between adjacent antenna elements (11) is 0.45-0.7 operating wavelengths.
7. The phased array antenna based on the subarray arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the phase center of the subarray unit (1) is the centroid of the subarray unit (1), and the phase difference between the subarray units (1) satisfies: thetai＝diD is the projection distance of the phase center of the adjacent antenna unit (11), theta phase difference is the phase difference of the adjacent antenna unit (11), diIs the projection distance between the phase centers of the subarray unit (1).
8. A phased array antenna system based on a subarray arrangement, comprising: the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of sub-array units (1), wherein the sub-array units (1) are arranged in a staggered mode, and the phased array antenna structure formed by the staggered arrangement simultaneously meets central symmetry and axial symmetry.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112599978A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-04-02 | 成都天锐星通科技有限公司 | Automatic array splicing method for phased array antenna and phased array antenna |
| CN112886281A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 重庆两江卫星移动通信有限公司 | Low side lobe sparse phased array based on 2 x 2 sub-array |
| WO2022170515A1 (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-08-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Reflective array antenna |
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Application publication date: 20201225 |