CN214477920U

CN214477920U - Structure for realizing antenna wide beam and smooth directional diagram in large-size ground

Info

Publication number: CN214477920U
Application number: CN202120759961.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 章圣长; 马明凯; 刘雪颖; 余正冬; 郭宏展
Original assignee: Chengdu Rdw Tech Co ltd
Current assignee: Chengdu Rdw Tech Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-14
Filing date: 2021-04-14
Publication date: 2021-10-22
Anticipated expiration: 2031-04-14

Abstract

The application relates to the field of microwave and millimeter waves, in particular to a structure suitable for realizing antenna wide beam and smooth directional diagram in a large-size ground, which comprises a radiation layer and a metal layer ground, wherein the radiation layer and the metal layer ground are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation patches and a plurality of EBG structural units, each radiation patch is located in the middle of each EBG structural unit which is arranged periodically and arranged in a large ground periodically, all spaces are filled by the EBG structural units which are arranged periodically between the adjacent radiation patches, and the plurality of EBG structural units are uniformly distributed around the radiation patches. The periodic EBG structural units are arranged among the radiation patches and are arranged in a large ground according to the period, so that pits of a radiation pattern of the unit antenna can be reduced, and the pattern is smoother.

Description

Structure for realizing antenna wide beam and smooth directional diagram in large-size ground

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of microwave and millimeter waves, in particular to a structure suitable for realizing smoothness of a wide beam and a directional diagram of an antenna in a large-size ground.

Background

The microstrip antenna is composed of a medium substrate, a radiator and a ground plate, wherein the metal thin layer at the bottom of the substrate is connected with the ground plate, and the front surface of the substrate is in a specific shape as the radiator through photoetching or chemical etching, so that the microstrip antenna has the characteristics of low section, low cost, light weight, easy integration with a circuit and the like, and is widely applied to various communication systems and radar systems, in particular to an antenna system of a phased array antenna system. The microstrip antenna has the advantages, such as narrow impedance bandwidth, narrow radiation bandwidth, easy excitation of surface waves, and the like. Especially in the characteristic of easily excited surface wave, the directional pattern of the radiating patch unit is deteriorated in large-size ground, and a pit appears, which seriously affects the application of the microstrip antenna in a communication system and a radar system.

In the design of a multi-beam and phased array antenna, each radiating patch element is located in a large ground to ensure that each radiating element can provide an independent beam. In this case, the radiation pattern of each radiation patch element is affected, in particular, for the radiation patch elements at the edge of the ground, in the case of the ground, the pattern appears as a pit due to the asymmetry of the ground and the excited surface waves which deteriorate the radiation performance of the antenna, whereas in the case of a phased array antenna, such surface waves also cause the antenna to appear as a blind spot during scanning. In order to suppress the influence of surface waves on the radiation performance of the antenna, Hal Schrank has indicated in the literature of the Approximate Location of Scan-blanking Angle in Printed Phased Arrays that surface waves can be suppressed by reducing the thickness of the antenna dielectric substrate, thereby improving the antenna performance. This approach, however, not only reduces the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, but also does not provide much improvement in the antenna radiation pattern pits in the ground.

In the document of patent No. 201110160593.4 entitled multi-layer broadband microstrip antenna, a reflector plate with an EBG structure can suppress backward radiation better than a conventional metal reflector plate at a specified frequency, thereby improving the directivity of the antenna and increasing the antenna gain. Patent No. 201310660781.2, entitled low-profile three-band tunable antenna, also uses periodic EBG cells to increase antenna gain, and the use of these two types of EBG structures only increases antenna gain and suppresses backward radiation, and thus does not improve the pits of the pattern and does not achieve the rounding of the pattern.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, a method for realizing rounding of a wide beam and a directional diagram of an antenna, which has a simple structure, a low section, high integration and easy manufacture, is provided.

In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the application is as follows:

the technical scheme of the application is as follows:

a structure for realizing antenna wide beam and directional diagram smoothness in large-size ground comprises a radiation layer and a metal layer ground which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the radiation layer is positioned on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is a metal layer ground; the radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation patches and a plurality of EBG structural units, each radiation patch is located in the middle of each EBG structural unit which is arranged periodically and is arranged in a large ground periodically, all spaces are filled by the EBG structural units which are arranged periodically between the adjacent radiation patches, the plurality of EBG structural units are uniformly distributed around the radiation patches, the radiation patches are rectangular metal patches, gaps are formed in the radiation patches, and the centers of the radiation patches are radio frequency feed points.

Furthermore, the EBG structure unit is a square metal patch, a metal grounding column is arranged in the center of the square metal patch, and the square metal patch surrounds the periphery of the radiation patch.

Further, the periodic arrangement specifically means that at least 9 layers of one radiation patch are arranged from inside to outside at a pitch of 0.1mm to 0.2mm, and each layer is the same EBG structural unit. Under the condition of ensuring the optimal distance between the radiation patch and the EBG structural unit, the more the number of layers is, the more the smoothness of the digraph is obviously improved.

Further, the gaps are U-shaped gaps, the number of the gaps is one, the positions of the U-shaped gaps are located in the centers of the radiation patches, and the sizes of the U-shaped gaps cannot exceed the sizes of the radiation patches.

Furthermore, after the radiation patches and the EBG structural units are combined, the radiation patches and the EBG structural units are periodically arranged to form a topological structure for realizing the antenna wide beam and directional diagram smoothing technology.

Still further, the periodic arrangement is a fixed-size EBG structural unit and a fixed EBG structural unit pitch.

Still further, the periodic arrangement is such that the EBG structure cell sizes and distances are arranged in an increasing or decreasing manner.

Furthermore, the periodic arrangement is an annular arrangement in which EBG structural units are arranged with the radiation patch as a center.

Furthermore, the EBG structural unit is in a mushroom-shaped form, and the center of the square metal patch is in contact with the ground through the metal grounding column and penetrates through the whole dielectric substrate. The mushroom shape is a general name of the EBG structural unit with a metal grounding column structure in the center.

Furthermore, the medium substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

This application compares in prior art has following beneficial effect:

1. the periodic EBG structural units are arranged among the radiation patches and are arranged in a large ground according to the period, so that pits of a radiation pattern of the unit antenna can be reduced, and the pattern is smoother. By adopting a periodic EBG structure and filling all the spaces between the units with EBG structure units, the smoothness of the directional diagram can be realized.

2. Traditional microstrip antenna is in order to improve antenna gain and bandwidth, and substrate thickness is thicker, and what this application antenna relatively needs is beam width and rounding off technique, so this application is synthesized and is adopted and is reduced medium substrate thickness to and the technique of multiple decoupling such as loading EBG constitutional unit and restrain the surface wave, compare traditional microstrip antenna, and antenna isolation promotes and antenna can realize wide beam and directional diagram rounding off in the earth.

3. The antenna has the advantages that the meander technology is introduced, the size of the antenna is reduced, the miniaturization is realized, and the bandwidth of the antenna is widened.

4. The application has the advantages that the engineering is simple, the single-layer plate is directly processed, high integration can be realized, and the active phased array antenna or the multi-beam antenna is applicable to low cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a technique for realizing smoothing of a wide beam and a radiation pattern of an antenna according to the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single radiating patch structure in the present application.

Fig. 3 shows the return loss of the feed port of the antenna unit according to the present application, which realizes the technique of rounding the wide beam and the directional diagram of the antenna, and the result shows that the return loss of the antenna unit in the 33.5 GHz-36.5 GHz region is less than-10 dB, and the antenna unit can normally operate in this frequency range.

Fig. 4 is a radiation pattern of the antenna according to the present application, which implements a technique for smoothing a wide beam and a pattern of the antenna, and it can be seen from the radiation pattern that the element patterns of the E plane and the H plane are both smooth, the element pattern of the H plane is saddle-shaped, and the beam width is greatly widened.

In the drawings: the antenna comprises a 1-radiation patch, a 2-radio frequency feed point, a 3-U-shaped gap, a 4-EBG structural unit and a 5-metal grounding column.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a structure for realizing antenna wide beam and smooth directional diagram in large-size ground includes two parts, namely a radiation layer and a metal layer ground, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the radiation layer is located on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is a metal layer ground; the radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation patches 1 and a plurality of EBG structural units 4, each radiation patch 1 is located in the middle of each of the EBG structural units 4 arranged periodically and is arranged in a large ground periodically, all spaces are filled by the EBG structural units 4 arranged periodically between the adjacent radiation patches 1, the plurality of EBG structural units 4 are uniformly distributed around the radiation patches 1, each radiation patch 1 is a rectangular metal patch, a gap is formed in each radiation patch 1, and the center of each radiation patch 1 is a radio frequency feed point 2. The periodic EBG structural units 4 are arranged among the radiation patches 1 and are arranged in a large ground according to the period, so that pits of a radiation pattern of the unit antenna can be reduced, and the pattern is smoother. The radiation pattern is smooth by adopting a periodic EBG structure and filling all spaces among the units with the EBG structure units 4. The periodic arrangement of the antenna elements in the present application may be referred to as a large period, and the periodic arrangement of the EBGs may be referred to as a small period.

Example 2

A structure for realizing antenna wide beam and directional diagram smoothness in large-size ground comprises a radiation layer and a metal layer ground which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the radiation layer is positioned on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is a metal layer ground; the radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation patches 1 and a plurality of EBG structural units 4, each radiation patch 1 is located in the middle of each EBG structural unit 4 which is arranged according to a large period and is arranged in a large ground according to the period, all the spaces are filled by the EBG structural units 4 which are arranged periodically between the adjacent radiation patches 1, the plurality of EBG structural units 4 are uniformly distributed around the radiation patches 1, each radiation patch 1 is a rectangular metal patch, a gap is formed in each radiation patch 1, and the center of each radiation patch 1 is a radio frequency feed point 2.

The EBG structural unit 4 is a square metal patch, a metal grounding column 5 is arranged in the center of the square metal patch, and the square metal patch surrounds the periphery of the radiation patch 1. The large period arrangement specifically means that at least 9 layers of one radiation patch 1 are arranged at a pitch of 0.1mm to 0.2mm from inside to outside, and each layer is the same EBG structural unit 4. In the case of ensuring the optimal distance between the radiation patch 1 and the EBG structure unit 4, the more the number of layers, the more the smoothness of the directivity pattern is improved.

The gaps are U-shaped gaps 3, the number of the gaps is one, the positions of the U-shaped gaps 3 are located in the center of the radiation patch 1, and the size of the U-shaped gaps cannot exceed the size of the radiation patch 1. After the radiation patches 1 and the EBG structural units 4 are combined, the radiation patches are periodically arranged to form a topological structure for realizing the antenna wide beam and directional diagram smoothing technology.

The periodic arrangement is a fixed size of the EBG structural elements 4 and a fixed pitch of the EBG structural elements 4.

The EBG structural unit 4 is in a mushroom-shaped form, the center of the square metal patch is in contact with the ground through the metal grounding post 5, and the square metal patch penetrates through the whole dielectric substrate. The mushroom shape is a general name of a structural form that the EBG structural unit 4 is provided with a metal grounding column 5 in the center. The medium substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

Example 3

The periodic arrangement is such that the sizes and distances of the EBG structural units 4 are arranged in an increasing or decreasing manner.

Example 4

The periodic arrangement is an arrangement in which the EBG structural units 4 are arranged in a circular ring shape with the radiation patch 1 as a center.

Example 5

An antenna designed by the technology suitable for realizing antenna wide beam and directional diagram rounding in a large-size ground is sequentially provided with a radiation layer and a ground layer from top to bottom, wherein the radiation layer comprises a radiation patch 1 and an EBG (electromagnetic band gap) structural unit 4, the radiation patch 1 is provided with a rectangular patch, a U-shaped gap 3 is formed in the radiation patch 1, radio frequency feed is performed in the center of the patch, the EBG structural unit 4 is provided with a square patch, a grounded metal grounding column 5 is arranged in the center of the square patch, and 9 rows of EBG structural units 4 are arranged at equal intervals and surround the radiation patch 1; the metal layer is a whole piece of metal and is connected with the metal grounding post 5. The medium substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

The antenna comprehensively adopts the technologies of reducing the thickness of the dielectric substrate, adopting the meander technology, loading the EBG structure and the like for inhibiting surface waves and decoupling, and compared with the traditional microstrip antenna in the ground, the beam width of a directional pattern is widened, and the radiation directional pattern of the antenna in the ground is smoother. The periodic EBG structure introduced by the application not only improves the isolation of adjacent units, inhibits surface waves and widens the beam width of the antenna unit, but also reduces the pits of a directional pattern of the antenna in the ground, so that the directional pattern is smoother. The engineering of this application realizes comparatively simply, always is one deck dielectric slab, and the upper strata is the radiation layer, and the lower floor is full metal ground. The antenna is based on the conventional PCB process, has a simple structure, and can be used for realizing an active phased array antenna or a multi-beam antenna with high integration level and low cost.

Claims

1. A structure for realizing antenna wide beam and directional diagram rounding in large-size ground is characterized in that: the radiation layer is positioned on the upper surface of the medium substrate, and the lower surface of the medium substrate is a metal layer ground; the radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation patches (1) and a plurality of EBG structural units (4), the EBG is an electromagnetic field band gap, each radiation patch (1) is positioned in the middle of the plurality of EBG structural units (4) which are arranged periodically and is arranged in a large ground periodically, all spaces are filled by the EBG structural units (4) which are arranged periodically between the adjacent radiation patches (1), the plurality of EBG structural units (4) are uniformly distributed around the radiation patches (1), the radiation patches (1) are rectangular metal patches, gaps are formed in the radiation patches (1), and the centers of the radiation patches (1) are radio frequency feed points (2);

the EBG structural unit (4) is a square metal patch, a metal grounding column (5) is arranged in the center of the square metal patch, and the square metal patch surrounds the periphery of the radiation patch (1);

after the radiation patches (1) and the EBG structure units (4) are combined, the radiation patches and the EBG structure units are arranged periodically to form a topological structure for realizing the antenna wide beam and directional diagram smoothing technology.

2. The structure of claim 1 for achieving antenna wide beam and pattern rounding in large-scale terrain, wherein: the periodic arrangement of the radiation patches (1) specifically means that at least 9 layers of the radiation patches (1) are arranged from inside to outside at intervals of 0.1mm-0.2mm, and each layer is the same EBG structural unit (4).

3. The structure of claim 1 for achieving antenna wide beam and pattern rounding in large-scale terrain, wherein: the gaps are U-shaped gaps (3), the number of the gaps is one, the positions of the U-shaped gaps (3) are located in the center of the radiation patch (1), and the size of each U-shaped gap cannot exceed the size of the radiation patch (1).

4. The structure of claim 3 for achieving antenna wide beam and pattern rounding in large-scale terrain, wherein: the radiation patches (1) and the EBG structural units (4) are combined to form a periodic array, and the periodic array is an EBG structural unit (4) with a fixed size and a fixed EBG structural unit (4) interval.

5. The structure of claim 1 for achieving antenna wide beam and pattern rounding in large-scale terrain, wherein: the periodic arrangement of the radiation patches (1) and the EBG structural units (4) after combination is that the sizes and the distances of the EBG structural units (4) are arranged in an increasing or decreasing mode.

6. The structure of claim 1 for achieving antenna wide beam and pattern rounding in large-scale terrain, wherein: the radiation patch (1) and the EBG structural unit (4) are combined to form a periodic arrangement, and the EBG structural unit (4) is arranged in a ring mode by taking the radiation patch (1) as a center.

7. The structure of claim 1 for achieving antenna wide beam and pattern rounding in large-scale terrain, wherein: the EBG structural unit (4) is in a mushroom-shaped form, the center of the square metal patch is in contact with the ground through the metal grounding post (5), and the square metal patch penetrates through the whole dielectric substrate.

8. The structure of claim 1 for achieving antenna wide beam and pattern rounding in large-scale terrain, wherein: the medium substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.