CN108808266A - A kind of four-dimensional antenna array combined optimization method for irregular subarray arrangement - Google Patents
A kind of four-dimensional antenna array combined optimization method for irregular subarray arrangement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of four-dimensional antenna array combined optimization algorithms of irregular subarray arrangement, the definition of comentropy is introduced into four-dimensional battle array, originally complicated optimization problem is divided into two sub-problems, two steps are then divided into optimize, the first step uses the genetic algorithm based on comentropy, go out the maximum array topology of information entropy according to submatrix arrangement algorithm optimization, second step, according to the requirement of lower sideband and Sidelobe, optimize the static stimulation phase of each submatrix of submatrix using differential evolution algorithm, switch closing period, switch is closed the information such as initial time, so that the solution that entirely optimization problem can be more efficient.The maximum novelty of the present invention is to have excavated the intrinsic propesties of former optimization problem, combine genetic algorithm and differential evolution algorithm based on comentropy to optimize, reduce the complexity of former optimization problem, while saving half T/R components, the Sidelobe lower sideband characteristic under wide-angle scanning ensure that.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna technical field, it is related to the four-dimensional antenna array synthesis based on irregular subarray, specifically
It is efficiently to integrate four-dimensional antenna array using a kind of combined optimization method.This unified algorithm mainly uses the principle of comentropy,
Four-dimensional antenna array synthesis is divided into two steps, the topological structure of irregular array is gone out first with genetic algorithm optimization, then on demand
Synthesis goes out target direction figure.
Background technology
Phased array antenna is because that can realize by changing phase to achieve the purpose that beam scanning, in radar and the communications field
In be widely used, but simultaneously because each unit is required for one phase shifter of connection and T/R components, considerably increase
Antenna manufacturing cost, while the amplitude-phase weighting means of conventional phased array are difficult to meet the needs of antenna array Sidelobe, limitation
The application range of antenna.
Nineteen sixties rise is set forth in the concept of the four-dimensional antenna array of earlier 2000s, when passing through introducing
Between design antenna as new one-dimensional degree of freedom, using the weighting of time weight equivalent realization amplitude and phase, can control
System and the radiation characteristic for improving antenna array, and narrow beam, Sidelobe and various can be designed under uniform static stimulation amplitude
Shaped-beam, this will greatly simplify the requirement to feeding network, therefore the thought of four-dimensional antenna is introduced traditional antenna battle array
It is middle to be advantageous to design to antenna array feeding network, while to antenna structure machining accuracy, the feed essence of feeding network
The demand of degree and tolerance greatly reduces, and has great design flexibility.
Six the seventies of last century, foreign countries' thinned array antenna that begins one's study can be used less by optimization algorithm
Array element number realizes relatively narrow wave beam and directional diagram scanning by different arrangement modes.But the battle array calculated using optimization algorithm
Row, general element position very irregular, the processing and arrangement of array element are unusual stubborn problems.Although between periodic big unit
Away from array can solve the problems, such as above-mentioned arrangement and processing, but due to the spacing of unit increase, cause array secondary lobe electricity
It is flat to increase, or even there is graing lobe, limitation array can only scan the angle of very little.
Consider from the basic principle of antenna array, the periodicity of array arrangement is the main original for leading to generate directional diagram graing lobe
Cause, therefore how to break the main thought for periodically just becoming inhibition graing lobe of array, R.J.Mailloux, Andrea Massa
Et al. propose the periodicity for breaking array using the method for irregular subarray, but since optimization problem is excessively complicated, they
Scheme can only realize one-dimensional scanning, applicability is poor in engineering.It is used in the patent of 107230843 A of Patent No. CN
Similar scheme, realizes two-dimensional scan, but scan performance is not strong, the front of the submatrix of two units composition 20 × 20
Under structured the formation with 0.7 wavelength spacing, can only realize ± 20 ° of two-dimensional scan, the program plays irregular subarray completely not yet
Scanning advantage, applicability is poor in engineering.
Invention content
In view of above-mentioned technical background, the present invention proposes a kind of four-dimensional antenna array combined optimization calculation of irregular subarray arrangement
Method, it is therefore intended that compared to already existing optimisation technique, the method for proposition of the invention can be quicker, significantly more efficient
Comprehensive large-scale irregular four-dimension battle array.
Integrated processes proposed by the invention mainly for pulse phase shift sequential irregular four-dimensional battle array, according under this timing
The characteristics of irregular four-dimension battle array, entire combined optimization process can be divided into two steps.The first step utilizes something lost according to the principle of comentropy
The topological structure of propagation algorithm optimization irregular array；Second step, on the basis of the first step, according to known topological structure,
Optimize the static stimulation amplitude of each submatrix using differential evolution algorithm, static stimulation phase switchs closing period, switch
Initial time is closed to inhibit minor level and sidebands levels.
The present invention has the following contents：
In order to define the confusion degree of irregular subarray arrangement, we introduce the concept of comentropy.Assuming that X is one random
Variable, n indicate to share n possible outputs, P (X) expression output probability functions.Therefore the comentropy of X is：
H (X)=E [- logb(P(X))] (1)
If b is set as 2, (1) formula can be rewritten into
Consider the irregular array by a M × N, only considers that irregular subarray forms stud by two array elements
The case where submatrix, multiple units, is similar, and the phase center of submatrix is its center of gravity, and antenna array is rearranged by multiple submatrixs, in order to
Description simple hypothesis array element is a square net, and the spacing of array element is d, then the comentropy of array is
Wherein, riIndicate that the i-th row share riThe phase center of gravity of a submatrix, cjIndicate that jth row share cjThe phase weight of a submatrix
The heart, T expressions are the submatrix numbers of array, are exactly MN/2 submatrix for the submatrix of two array elements composition.
Each submatrix meets the RF switch of a high speed, switch function U in irregular four-dimension battle arrayij(t).Then this timing shape
The far-field distribution of formula is：
i∈{0.5,1,1.5...M-0.5},j∈{0.5,1,1.5...N-0.5}
WhereinIndicate the element pattern of four-dimensional battle array；Indicate the array factor directional diagram of binary submatrix；Iij
Indicate the static stimulation amplitude of array；αijIndicate the static stimulation phase of array；β indicates wave number, (xi,yj) indicate flat square
The coordinate at submatrix center under coordinate system；G indicates the set of all submatrix centre coordinates.
This irregular four-dimensional antenna array is operated in centre frequency f0, the time-modulation cycle T of switchp, time-modulation frequency fp
=1/Tp.Switch function U with pulse phase shifted time modulation systemij(t) it is expressed as：
tijIndicate that the switch of control unit is closed initial time, τijIndicate the switch closing period of control unit.Root
It is believed that number and Systems Theory, the time-domain expression of the periodic function of switch can be unfolded in frequency domain by Fourier space：
The expression formula for bringing the kth subharmonic that (4) (5) formula obtains far field into is：
Therefore, entire combined optimization process can be divided into two steps.
The first step optimizes irregular subarray arrangement mode using the principle and genetic algorithm of comentropy, wherein excellent
Change variable and only have integer, to find out the solution for meeting following optimization problem.
Second step, the array arrangement mode that the first step is solved using differential evolution algorithm as it is known that optimized non-whole
Number variable, i.e. switch are closed initial time, and switch-closed time switchs closing period and static stimulation phase, to inhibit
Sideband and minor level.Find out the solution W for meeting following point.
Wherein ΘsidelobeIndicate the secondary lobe region of normalization field distribution under centre frequency, tijWhen indicating that switch is closed starting
It carves, τijIndicate switch-closed time, αijIndicate static stimulation phase.
The novelty of the present invention is develop a kind of four-dimensional antenna array of combined optimization algorithm to irregular subarray form
Sidelobe, lower sideband directional diagram have carried out synthesis rapidly and efficiently.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
1. by the constraints reasonable analysis at centre frequency and at sideband, the method for taking step-by-step processing,
The one sufficiently complex synthtic price index of script resolves into two relatively simple synthtic price index, is not losing the general premise of problem
Under reduce comprehensive difficulty.
2. using the form of irregular subarray under conditions of reducing half T/R components, it still is able to ensure aerial array
With Sidelobe, low sidelobe, the characteristic of high-gain has saved cost, reduces feed complexity.
3. antenna element is still periodically arranged on front, the consistency of aerial array is not destroyed so that antenna
Array is easier to mass production and processing.
4. this programme can play the scanning advantage of irregular subarray to the greatest extent, may be implemented under big array environment
± 65 ° of two-dimensional scan °.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the four-dimensional array junctions composition of irregular subarray.
Fig. 2 is irregular subarray array arrangement figure (M × N=16 × 16) in example one.
Fig. 3 is to normalize three-dimensional figure when being penetrated on the downside of phased array system in example one.
Fig. 4 is static margin activation profile figure when being penetrated on the downside of phased array system in example one.
Fig. 5 is that degree normalizes three-dimensional figure when scanning pitching face 30 in example one under phased array system.
Fig. 6 is to scan 30 degree of pitching face static margin activation profile figure in example one under phased array system.
Fig. 7 is to scan 30 degree of pitching face static phase activation profile figure in example one under phased array system
Fig. 8 is to normalize three-dimensional figure in example one when 30 degree of scan position face under phased array system.
Fig. 9 be in example one under phased array system static margin activation profile figure when 30 degree of scan position face.
Figure 10 be in example one under phased array system static phase activation profile figure when 30 degree of scan position face
Figure 11 is that centre frequency normalizes three-dimensional figure when being penetrated on the downside of four-dimensional battle array system in example one.
Figure 12 is that first sideband frequency normalizes three-dimensional figure when being penetrated on the downside of four-dimensional battle array system in example one.
Figure 13 is partial switch sequence diagram when being penetrated on the downside of four-dimensional battle array system in example one.
Figure 14 is to scan 45 degree of the faces D centre frequency three-dimensional figure in example one under four-dimensional battle array system.
Figure 15 is to scan 45 degree first of the faces D sideband three-dimensional figure in example one under four-dimensional battle array system.
Figure 16 is static margin activation profile figure when scanning 45 degree of D faces in example one under four-dimensional battle array system.
Figure 17 is partial switch sequence diagram when scanning 45 degree of D faces in example one under four-dimensional battle array system.
Figure 18 is irregular subarray array arrangement figure (M × N=36 × 36) in example two.
Figure 19 is to scan 65 degree of pitching face centre frequency three-dimensional figure in example two under four-dimensional battle array system.
Figure 20 is to scan 65 degree first of pitching face sideband three-dimensional figure in example two under four-dimensional battle array system.
Figure 21 be example two under four-dimensional battle array system 65 degree of scan position face centre frequency three-dimensional figure.
Figure 22 be example two under four-dimensional battle array system 65 degree first of scan position face sideband three-dimensional figure.
Specific implementation mode one
Consider an irregular subarray four-dimensional battle array, front size be M × N=16 × 16, only consider irregular subarray by
Two array elements are composed, therefore share 16 × 16/2=128 submatrix, the antenna element static stimulation width in submatrix
Degree, static stimulation phase, switch is closed initial time and switch closing period is all identical.Switching sequence selects pulse translation
Sequential.Referential array is Chebyshev's planar array of a 16 × 16=256 unit.
Other major parameters are as follows：
D=dx=dy=0.5 λ
The first step optimizes the arrangement mode of irregular subarray, such as Fig. 1, obtains the irregular battle array that a submatrix sum is 128
The comentropy of row, the array is H=5.9114, wherein HrAnd HcRespectively：
Due to HrAnd HcValue it is almost the same, which means that scan performance of the array in pitching face and azimuth plane is substantially
Identical, Fig. 3-Figure 10 is scan performance situation and corresponding static stimulation amplitude of the array arrangement under phased array system
Distribution, static stimulation phase distribution.It can be seen that can reasonably distribute degree of freedom using the algorithm of comentropy, ensure that array exists
The scan performance of all angles.
Second step is switched using differential evolution algorithm and is closed the information such as initial time and switch closing period, finally
It is-29.5dB to have obtained a secondary lobe, and directivity factor 22.61dB, the first sideband is the directional diagram of-31.0dB, such as Figure 11-
Shown in Figure 13.Wherein Figure 13 is partial switch sequence diagram, and the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 1 is (1,1) (2,1), number 2
The corresponding element position of submatrix be (1,2) (1,3), the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 3 is (3,10) (3,11), number
The 4 corresponding element position of submatrix is (3,12) (4,12), and the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 5 is (8,8) (9,8), is compiled
Numbers 6 corresponding element position of submatrix is (8,9) (9,9), and the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 7 is (11,5) (12v5),
The corresponding element position of submatrix of number 8 is (14,4) (14,5), and the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 9 is (16,13)
The corresponding element position of submatrix of (16,14), number 10 is (16,15) (16,16)
For form of similarly structuring the formation, optimization switch is closed initial time and switch closing period and static stimulation
Phase distribution, it is -17.5dB that can obtain a secondary lobe, and directivity factor 20dB, the first sideband is -22.1dB, and D is arrived in scanning
Directional diagram when 45 degree of face, as shown in Figure 14-Figure 17.Wherein Figure 17 is partial switch sequence diagram, the corresponding battle array of submatrix of number 1
First position is (2,9) (2,10), and the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 2 is (1,0) (1,1), the corresponding battle array of submatrix of number 3
First position is (2,5) (2,6), and the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 4 is (3,7) (3,6), the corresponding battle array of submatrix of number 5
First position is (7,4) (8,4), and the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 6 is (7,8) (7,9), the corresponding battle array of submatrix of number 7
First position is (8,12) (8,13), and the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 8 is (11,1) (11,2), and the submatrix of number 9 corresponds to
Element position be (12,2) (12,3), the corresponding element position of submatrix of number 10 is (16,15) (16,16)
Specific implementation mode two
Consider that the four-dimensional battle array of a large-scale irregular subarray, front size are M × N=36 × 36, only considers irregular
Submatrix is composed of two array elements, array element spacing d=dx=dy=0.5 λ, the closure duration of switch be limited in [0.1 μ s,
1μs]。
Array synthetic is carried out by this programme, which is：Pitching Surface scan is to 65 °, secondary lobe
For -19.72dB, directivity factor 29.51dB, the first sideband is -26.24dB；Orientation Surface scan to 65 °, secondary lobe is-
20.35dB, directivity factor 29.52dB, the first sideband are-26.06dB, specific directional diagram and arrangement such as Figure 18-
Shown in Figure 22.
It is the description to the present invention and its embodiment provided to the engineers and technicians in familiar field of the present invention above,
These descriptions should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive.Engineers and technicians can be accordingly in invention claims
Thought combination particular problem is done specific operation and is implemented, and naturally also can do a series of change to embodiment according to the above
More.Above-mentioned these are regarded as coverage of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of four-dimensional antenna array combined optimization algorithm for irregular subarray arrangement, which is characterized in that by determining for comentropy
Justice is introduced into four-dimensional battle array, and originally complicated optimization problem is divided into two sub-problems, two steps is then divided into and optimizes, the
One step uses the genetic algorithm based on comentropy, the maximum array topology of optimization information entropy, second step, the first step
The array arrangement mode solved using differential evolution algorithm as it is known that optimize non-integer variable, i.e., when switch is closed starting
It carves, switch-closed time, switchs closing period and static stimulation phase, come suppressed sideband and minor level.
2. four-dimensional antenna array combined optimization algorithm according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first step is specifically such as
Under：
Wherein, RiIndicate submatrix in the phase center of gravity of the i-th row, CjIndicate that the phase center of gravity that submatrix is arranged in jth, T indicate the son of array
Battle array number,Indicate k-th of submatrix form of selection on (m, n) a unit, UijIndicate the unit of the i-th row j row.
3. four-dimensional antenna array combined optimization algorithm according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the second step tool
Body is as follows：
Wherein ΘsidelobeIndicate the secondary lobe region of normalization field distribution under centre frequency, tijIndicate that switch is closed initial time,
τijIndicate switch-closed time, αijIndicate static stimulation phase.
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| CN109818157A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-28 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of construction method of the close coupling ultra-wideband antenna array based on irregular subarray |
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| CN115549733A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-30 | 国家工业信息安全发展研究中心 | Asymmetric communication array, system and signal processing method |
| CN115549733B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2023-10-03 | 国家工业信息安全发展研究中心 | Asymmetric communication array, system and signal processing method |
| CN115566446A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-01-03 | 广东越新微系统研究院 | Optimization method of irregular binary subarray antenna array |
| CN115566446B (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-03-24 | 广东越新微系统研究院 | Optimization method of irregular binary subarray antenna array |
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