CN111551908B - Method for reducing complexity of phased array system array element activation algorithm - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing the complexity of an array element activation algorithm of a phased array system, and aims to provide a method capable of reducing the calculated amount and remarkably reducing the calculation complexity. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: firstly, dividing every M adjacent array elements into a sub-array, dividing the array elements into N/M sub-arrays according to the total number N of the array elements on the basis of sub-array division, and constructing an activation calculation module; then, the maximum included angle between the direction vector pointed by each subarray and the pointing direction of all array elements in the subarray is calculated off-line and stored in a storage unit of an activation calculation module; when the activation area is calculated, aiming at each target wave beam, the activation calculation module reads the direction vector pointed by each subarray from the storage unit, then calculates the included angle between each subarray and the antenna wave beam pointing target in sequence, and when some subarrays cannot judge whether the activation is carried out, the included angles between the array elements in the subarrays and the antenna wave beam pointing target are calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of array signal processing, in particular to a method for reducing the complexity of an array element activation algorithm of a phased array system, and particularly relates to an antenna array element activation method which is suitable for reducing the computational complexity in a large conformal phased array system.
Background
Array signal processing is an important branch of the signal processing field and has wide application. With the development of the technology, the conformal phased array can realize the target search and tracking of multi-beam and full airspace by utilizing the array signal processing technology. Compared with the traditional phased array technology, the conformal phased array has the advantages that the number of array elements is large, hardware is complex, the calculation complexity is greatly improved, and higher requirements are provided for an array signal processing algorithm. The direction in which the array has the greatest response is referred to as the beam pointing direction, i.e., the direction in which the array has the greatest gain. For a linear array, the beam pointing plane when the signals are combined without change in gain and phase is the wide plane of the array and perpendicular to the lines of the array elements. The array pattern will decay to a null on either side of the beam pointing direction, i.e. where the array response is null, commonly referred to as nulls. The pattern between the nulls on both sides in the beam pointing direction is called the main lobe. The width between two power points of the main lobe is called half-power beamwidth. So-called "phased arrays" are arrays that implement beam scanning by phase control, the phase values of which can be flexibly changed by a computer. Due to the flexibility, the phased array radar can form a plurality of independent transmitting beams and receiving beams by using the same antenna aperture, and the optimal working mode of the radar can be determined according to the requirements of actual conditions so as to obtain complex beams meeting various requirements. For large phased array radars, hundreds or even thousands of antenna elements are typically included. In order to solve the problems of complex hardware system, low real-time performance and the like faced by the large phased array radar array element-level beam forming technology, the subarray-level beam forming technology is generally adopted for processing. Sub-array level processing tends to destroy the performance of static patterns. In the signal processing process, if an array element level digital beam forming mode is adopted, the operation amount is very large, a corresponding hardware system is very complex, and the cost is relatively high. If the traditional sparse array algorithm, such as a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm and the like, is adopted, the randomness is realized, the result can be obtained only after a long time, and the algorithm is difficult to realize for large arrays.
The beam pointing of the array antenna of the phased array system is performed by a beam control system, and the beam spatial pointing is changed mainly by controlling the phase and the gain of each element of the array. Wherein the phase change of each element for a certain array antenna mainly depends on the change of the pointing angle of the antenna beam. The wave beam control computer performs unified operation on the phase and the amplitude of each unit point of the array surface according to the wave beam pointing requirement, and then transmits data such as the phase and the amplitude to each point of the array surface respectively. Meanwhile, with the increase of the scale of the phased array surface, the beam control system is more and more complex, and at the moment, the conventional centralized calculation method generates huge pressure on the digital signal processor, so that the response time of beam control is seriously influenced. Because the modern phased array electronic system has higher and higher requirements on the speed of beam control, the requirements on beam operation, data transmission and the like of the system are correspondingly improved. Consider that a conformal phased array has an occlusion effect, i.e., for a target pointed at, some elements of the array are visible to the target and some elements are not visible. Thus, for a target at a certain orientation, not all elements receive the target's signal. When forming a beam, the contribution of invisible array elements or edge array elements is small, and the traditional method is to calculate the included angle between each array element and a target in turn. For a large conformal phased array system, because the number of array elements is large and the number of target beams is large, a mode of array element activation is generally adopted to determine which array elements participate in beam synthesis, and the inactive array elements do not participate in beam synthesis. The traditional strategy for activating the array elements is to sequentially judge the included angle between each array element and a target, if the included angle is smaller than the activation angle, the array element is an activated array element, otherwise, the array element is not activated. The traditional activation judgment method has the problem of large calculation amount.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing large conformal phased array system array element activation, the invention provides the method which can reduce the calculated amount, has high calculation speed, high convergence and good performance and can obviously reduce the complexity of the phased array system array element activation algorithm.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following means. A method for reducing the complexity of an array element activation algorithm of a phased array system has the following technical characteristics: firstly, carrying out subarray division on a phased array system, namely dividing every M adjacent array elements into a subarray, on the basis of the subarray division, dividing the phased array system into N/M subarrays according to the total number N of the array elements, dividing an activation area, and constructing an activation calculation module; then, the maximum included angle between the direction vector pointed by each subarray and the pointing direction of all array elements in the subarray is calculated off-line and stored in a storage unit of an activation calculation module; when the activation area is calculated, aiming at each target wave beam, the activation calculation module reads the direction vector pointed by each subarray from the storage unit, then calculates the included angle between each subarray and the antenna wave beam pointing target in sequence, and when some subarrays cannot judge whether the activation is carried out, the included angles between the array elements in the subarrays and the antenna wave beam pointing target are calculated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the computational complexity is significantly reduced. The phased array system is divided into the sub-arrays, and after the phased array system is divided into the sub-arrays, the number of receiving channels of the large-scale phased array radar is obviously less, and the number of the sub-arrays is obviously reduced, so that the complexity, the data processing capacity and the hardware cost of the system are greatly reduced. The divided sub-arrays can overcome the generation of grating lobes and grating zeros, and the beam performance is improved; on the basis of subarray division, subarray-level self-adaption and wave beams can be optimized by combining with subarray weighting, and self-adaption wave beams with lower side lobes and better interference suppression are obtained. The array structure is formed in a sub-array level self-adaptive wave beam, so that the interference suppression effect is better. Because the number of the sub-arrays is obviously reduced, the calculation times of the included angle between the sub-arrays and the target can be obviously reduced, and the calculation complexity is reduced.
The calculated amount is reduced, and the convergence is fast. The method adopts off-line calculation to calculate the direction vector pointed by each subarray array signal, and stores the direction vector pointed by each subarray in a storage unit of an activation calculation module; when the activation area is calculated, aiming at each target wave beam, the activation calculation module reads the direction vector pointed by each subarray from the storage unit, then calculates the included angle between each subarray and the target pointed by the antenna wave beam in sequence, and when some subarrays cannot judge whether the activation is carried out, the included angle between the array elements in the subarrays and the target is calculated. Therefore, the calculation amount can be reduced remarkably, and the convergence becomes fast.
The method is suitable for array element activation judgment of a large conformal phased array system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart for reducing complexity of an array element activation algorithm of a phased array system according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of the calculated amount of array element activation judgment before and after the present invention is adopted.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1. According to the invention, firstly, the phased array system is divided into subarrays, namely, every M adjacent array elements are divided into one subarray, on the basis of the subarray division, N/M subarrays are divided according to the total number N of the array elements, and an activation area is divided, so that an activation calculation module is constructed; then, the maximum included angle between the direction vector pointed by each subarray and the pointing direction of all array elements in the subarray is calculated off-line and stored in a storage unit of an activation calculation module; when the activation area is calculated, aiming at each target wave beam, the activation calculation module reads the direction vector pointed by each subarray from the storage unit, then calculates the included angle between each subarray and the antenna wave beam pointing target in sequence, and when some subarrays cannot judge whether the activation is carried out, the included angles between the array elements in the subarrays and the antenna wave beam pointing target are calculated.
In an optional embodiment, according to the total N/M sub-arrays obtained by dividing the sub-arrays of the phased array system, the activation of the array elements of the phased array system is divided into two stages of sub-array activation judgment and array element activation judgment. In the sub-array activation stage, an activation calculation module calculates an included angle between each sub-array and a target, and if the included angle between each sub-array and the target is smaller than a certain threshold, the activation calculation module judges that all M array elements in the sub-array are activated; if the included angle between the subarray and the target is larger than a certain threshold, the activation calculation module judges that all M array elements in the subarray are not activated; and when the two conditions that the included angle between the subarray and the target is less than and greater than a certain threshold are not met, activating the calculation module to enter an array element activation judgment stage. And in the stage of array element activation judgment, the activation calculation module sequentially judges the included angle between M array elements in the subarray and the target, when the included angle between a certain array element and the target is smaller than the activation angle, the array element is judged to be activated, and otherwise, the array element is not activated.
In order to reduce the calculation amount, the division of the subarrays adopts a well-agreed fixed division mode, every M adjacent array elements are divided into one subarray, then the direction vector pointed by each subarray and the maximum included angle between the pointed direction of each subarray and the pointed directions of all the array elements in the subarrays are calculated off-line, initialization is carried out, and the vector is stored in a storage unit of an activation calculation module. The activation calculation module reads out the direction vector pointed by each subarray from the storage unit, sets the subarray number n to 1, calculates the included angle of the nth subarray target, and judges whether the target included angle is smaller than the activation angle and the maximum included angle theta max If the difference is positive, all array elements in the subarray are activated, the subarray number n is n +1, otherwise, the included angle between the subarray pointing direction and the target is judged to be larger than the included angle theta between the activation angle and the maximum included angle theta max And if the sum is positive, all array elements in the subarray are activated completely, the subarray number n is n +1, otherwise, the included angle between each array element in the subarray and the target is calculated, whether the included angle is smaller than the activation angle is judged according to the calculation result, if the included angle is smaller than the activation angle, the subarray is activated, activation judgment of all array elements in the subarray is completed, otherwise, the subarray is not activated, and the included angle between each array element in the subarray and the target is calculated continuously until the activation judgment of all array elements in the subarray is completed. And (4) judging whether the sub-array number n is greater than the sub-array number or not, if so, ending the program, otherwise, returning to calculate the included angle of the nth sub-array target, and ending the program until the sub-array number n is greater than the sub-array number.
The activation calculation module sums the direction vectors pointed by the M array elements in the subarray according to the direction vector pointed by the subarray, and performs normalization processing to obtain the direction vector pointed by the subarray
Namely that
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is a unit vector of a connecting line of an array element i and the phased array origin, namely a direction vector pointed by the array element, 
Is composed of
2 norm of (d).
Activating the calculation module according to the maximum included angle theta max Formula for calculation
Calculating the maximum included angle theta between the direction of each subarray and the directions of M array elements in the subarray off line max And stored in a memory unit of the active computing module.
For each target wave beam, when calculating the activation area, the activation calculation module firstly judges the activation of the subarray, for each subarray, the activation calculation module reads the direction vector pointed by the subarray from the storage unit, and then calculates the included angle between the subarray and the target, namely
Wherein, in the above formula
Representing the direction vector in which the target is pointing.
If the included angle between the subarray and the target is smaller than the activation angle and theta max If the difference is smaller than the preset threshold value, the activation calculation module judges that all M array elements in the subarray are activated; if the included angle between the subarray and the target is larger than the activation angle and theta max The sum of the total weight of the components,the activation calculation module judges that all M array elements in the subarray are not activated; otherwise, the M array elements in the subarray are partially activated, and at the moment, the activation calculation module performs array element activation judgment and sequentially judges whether the M array elements in the subarray are activated.
When the activation calculation module needs to sequentially judge whether M array elements in the subarray need to be activated, the activation calculation module sequentially reads the direction vectors pointed by the M array elements from the storage unit and calculates the included angle between the array elements and the target, namely 
See fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows the simulation results of the activation computation complexity for different targets before and after the present invention is adopted, and the simulation is based on a project spherical phased array system, which comprises 105 sub-arrays, each sub-array has 16 array elements, and the activation angle is 60 degrees. As can be seen from the simulation result, after the method is adopted, the calculation times of the included angle between the target and the target can be obviously reduced, and the average calculation times is 16.7 percent of that of the traditional method, so that the calculation complexity is obviously reduced.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reducing the complexity of an array element activation algorithm of a phased array system has the following technical characteristics: firstly, carrying out subarray division on a phased array system, namely dividing every M adjacent array elements into a subarray, on the basis of the subarray division, dividing the phased array system into N/M subarrays according to the total number N of the array elements, dividing an activation area, and constructing an activation calculation module; then the maximum included angle between the direction vector pointed by each subarray and the direction of all array elements in the subarray is calculated off line and stored in an activation meterThe storage unit of the calculation module; when an activation area is calculated, aiming at each target wave beam, an activation calculation module reads a direction vector pointed by each subarray from a storage unit, then sequentially calculates an included angle between each subarray and the antenna wave beam pointed target, and when some subarrays cannot judge whether the activation is carried out, then calculates included angles between array elements in the subarrays and the antenna wave beam pointed target; the activation calculation module sums the direction vectors pointed by the M array elements in the subarray according to the direction vector pointed by the subarray, and performs normalization processing to obtain the direction vector pointed by the subarray 
Namely that
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is a unit vector of a connecting line of an array element i and the phased array origin, namely a direction vector pointed by the array element,
is composed of
2 norm of (d); activating the calculation module according to the maximum included angle theta max Formula for calculation
Calculating the maximum included angle theta between the direction of each subarray and the directions of M array elements in the subarray off line max And stored in the memory unit of the activation calculation module; for each target beam, when an activation area is calculated, firstly, subarray activation judgment is carried out; for each subarray, activating a calculation module to read the direction vector pointed by the subarray from a storage unit, and then calculating the included angle between the subarray and the target，
Namely, it is
Wherein, in the above formula
A direction vector representing a target pointing direction; when the activation calculation module needs to sequentially judge whether M array elements in the subarray need to be activated, the activation calculation module sequentially reads the direction vectors pointed by the M array elements from the storage unit and calculates the included angle between the array elements and the target, namely
2. The method for reducing the complexity of the phased array system array element activation algorithm according to claim 1, wherein: and according to the phased array system subarray division, obtaining N/M total subarrays, and dividing the phased array system array element activation into a subarray activation judgment stage and an array element activation judgment stage.
3. The method for reducing the complexity of the phased array system array element activation algorithm as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the sub-array activation stage, an activation calculation module calculates an included angle between each sub-array and a target, and if the included angle between each sub-array and the target is smaller than a certain threshold, the activation calculation module judges that all M array elements in the sub-array are activated; and if the included angle between the subarray and the target is larger than a certain threshold, the activation calculation module judges that all M array elements in the subarray are not activated.
4. The method for reducing the complexity of the phased array system array element activation algorithm according to claim 3, wherein: and when two conditions that the included angle between the subarray and the target is less than and greater than a certain threshold are not met, the activation calculation module enters an array element activation judgment stage, in the array element activation judgment stage, the activation calculation module sequentially judges included angles between M array elements in the subarray and the target, when the included angle between a certain array element and the target is less than an activation angle, the array element is judged to be activated, and otherwise, the array element is not activated.
5. The method for reducing the complexity of the phased array system array element activation algorithm according to claim 1, wherein: the division of the subarrays adopts a well-agreed fixed division mode, every M adjacent array elements are divided into one subarray, then the direction vector pointed by each subarray and the maximum included angle between the pointing direction of each subarray and the pointing direction of all the array elements in the subarrays are calculated off line, initialization is carried out, and the vector is stored in a storage unit of an activation calculation module.
6. The method for reducing the complexity of the phased array system array element activation algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the activation calculation module reads out the direction vector pointed by each subarray from the storage unit, sets the subarray number n as 1, calculates the included angle between the nth subarray and the target, judges that the included angle between the nth subarray and the target is smaller than the difference between the activation angle and the maximum included angle, if yes, all array elements in the subarrays are activated, the subarray number n as n +1, otherwise, judges that the included angle pointed by the subarray and the target is larger than the sum of the activation angle and the maximum included angle, if yes, not activating all array elements in the subarray, if no, the numbering n of the subarray is n +1, otherwise, calculating the included angle between each array element in each subarray and the target, judging whether the included angle is smaller than the activation angle or not according to the calculation result, if so, activating the subarray to finish the activation judgment of all array elements in the subarray, otherwise, and the subarray is not activated, and the included angle between each array element in the subarray and the target is continuously calculated until the activation judgment of all the array elements in the subarray is completed.
7. The method for reducing the complexity of the phased array system array element activation algorithm of claim 5, wherein: and (4) judging whether the sub-array number n is greater than the sub-array number or not, if so, ending the program, otherwise, returning to calculate the included angle of the nth sub-array target, and ending the program until the sub-array number n is greater than the sub-array number.
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