CN114447635B - Method and system for improving conformal phased array antenna EIRP - Google Patents
Method and system for improving conformal phased array antenna EIRP Download PDFInfo
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- CN114447635B CN114447635B CN202210371186.6A CN202210371186A CN114447635B CN 114447635 B CN114447635 B CN 114447635B CN 202210371186 A CN202210371186 A CN 202210371186A CN 114447635 B CN114447635 B CN 114447635B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and relates to a method and a system for improving an EIRP (enhanced isotropic radiated power) of a conformal phased array antenna. The technical problems that the power consumption of the whole conformal phased array antenna is increased, the heating is serious and the EIRP is increased less due to the fact that the signals are transmitted by partial array element antennas on the back surface at a certain elevation angle but the transmitted energy of the partial array element antennas can not be effectively utilized are solved. The method comprises the steps of firstly calculating an included angle between the normal direction of each array element antenna in the conformal phased array antenna and the beam direction of the whole antenna, and then distributing different transmitting powers to the corresponding array element antennas according to the size of the included angle; the antenna can be suitable for a non-planar conformal phased array antenna which is randomly arranged, the power consumption of the whole antenna can be effectively reduced, the heating is reduced, and the EIRP of the antenna is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and relates to a method and a system for improving an EIRP (enhanced isotropic radiated power) of a conformal phased array antenna.
Background
The phased array antenna is an antenna which changes the shape of a directional diagram by controlling the feeding phase of a radiation unit (namely an array element antenna) in the array antenna, and the direction of the maximum value of the directional diagram of the antenna can be changed by endowing each array element antenna with different phase values.
The conformal phased array antenna refers to an array antenna which is arranged on the surface of a carrier and is attached to the surface of the carrier in a geometric shape, can be conformal with the surface of a carrier which moves at high speed such as an airplane, a rocket, a satellite and a vehicle, does not damage the appearance structure and the aerodynamic characteristics of the carrier, or meets the requirements of certain stealth camouflage and the like.
For simple design, processing and calculation, most phased array antennas employ planar arrays, as shown in fig. 1.
For a planar conformal phased-array antenna, a radome is adopted to be conformal instead of an antenna, all the array element antennas are in the same posture, when signals are transmitted, gains of all the array element antennas are basically consistent, no matter the signals are received or transmitted, if sidelobe cancellation is not considered, the transmission gain and the reception gain distributed to the array element antennas are consistent, namely, the transmission power is evenly distributed to each array element antenna under the power consumption requirement of the whole machine, the circuit structure is simple, the control algorithm is simple, but the defects are that: the beam coverage is narrow and can generally only be used in the range of ± 60 °, and if the elevation angle is lower, the signal-to-noise ratio is poor.
In order to improve the beam coverage, some manufacturers have developed spherical phased array antennas, and the array element antenna is arranged as shown in fig. 2.
For a spherical or large-curvature conformal phased array antenna, at a certain elevation angle, part of the array element antenna may be located on the "back side", that is, an included angle between the normal direction of the array element antenna and the beam direction of the whole antenna is large, and even a negative angle is achieved. Such negative angles are negligibly small in amplitude for the received signal. However, if the array element antenna on the back side transmits signals with the same power, for a single array element antenna, due to the fact that the elevation angle is too large, the gain is reduced more, a large part of transmitted energy is wasted, the power consumption of the whole antenna is increased, the heating is serious, and the EIRP (effective isotropic radiation power) is increased less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for improving an EIRP (enhanced isotropic radiated power) of a conformal phased array antenna, which solve the technical problems that the power consumption of the whole conformal phased array antenna is increased, the heating is serious and the EIRP is increased less because partial array element antennas on the back face of the conformal phased array antenna with a spherical surface or a larger curvature transmit signals with the same power but cannot effectively utilize the transmitted energy under a certain elevation angle. The method can be suitable for non-planar conformal phased-array antennas which are arranged at will, such as common spherical arrays, conical arrays and the like, and effectively improves the EIRP of the antennas under the given power consumption condition of the system.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a method for improving the EIRP of a conformal phased-array antenna, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 2, according to the included angle
The size of the antenna element distributes different transmitting power to corresponding array element antennas;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as an array element antennajThe transmission power of the antenna is set to be,
for the required transmit power of the entire antenna,
for the parameters related to the form of the antenna of the array element,
the angle between the normal direction of the array element antenna and the whole antenna beam direction,
as an array element antennajAnd the angle between the normal to the whole antenna beam pointing,
as an array element antennaiAnd the angle between the normal to the whole antenna beam pointing,nthe number of element antennas in the conformal phased array antenna,jis 1 tonA positive integer between (a) and (b),
and
all the functions are sign functions determined by the inclination angle of the array element antenna;
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
and presetting a threshold value for an included angle between the normal direction of the array element antenna and the beam direction of the whole antenna.
Further, step 1 specifically includes the following steps:
step 1.1, establishing a coordinate system;
the method comprises the steps of selecting a reference array element antenna from a conformal phased array antenna, establishing a coordinate system taking the reference array element antenna as a coordinate origin, wherein the coordinate system is consistent with an antenna built-in inertial navigation coordinate system, so that in the subsequent calculation process, the attitude angle of the whole antenna measured by the antenna built-in inertial navigation does not need to be converted any more, and the antenna built-in inertial navigation coordinate system can be directly used.
Step 1.2, calculating each array element antenna in the coordinate systemiAnd the angle theta between the normal of (a) and the whole antenna beam pointing direction i ；
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when the carrier attitude changes, the array element antennaiIs measured with respect to the normal vector of (a),
pointing for the entire antenna beam.
Further, in step 1.2
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,p1the pitch angle of the whole antenna measured by inertial navigation in the antenna,r1the roll angle of the whole antenna measured by inertial navigation of the built-in antenna,Ry1(p1)is composed ofp1The rotation matrix of (a) is,Rx1(r1)is composed ofr1The rotation matrix of (a) is,
when the carrier is in horizontal state, the array element antennaiIs measured.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,hiis an array element antennaiIs angled with respect to the horizontal mounting surface.
Further, the air conditioner is characterized in that,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is an array element antennaiAnd x =0 plane,
is composed of
The rotation matrix of (a) is,
is composed of
The rotation matrix of (a) is,
is an identity matrix on the x-axis,
。
further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
further, the whole antenna beam is directed
Calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
wherein: p0 is the overall antenna beam pointing elevation angle and y0 is the overall antenna beam pointing azimuth angle.
The invention also provides a system for improving the EIRP of the conformal phased array antenna, which is characterized in that: the conformal phased array antenna EIRP improving method comprises a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method for improving the conformal phased array antenna EIRP is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. for a non-planar phased array antenna, if the antenna at the back transmits signals with the same power at a low elevation angle, for a single antenna, because the elevation angle is too large, the gain of the antenna is reduced more, and most of transmitted energy is wasted, the power consumption of the whole machine is increased, and the heat is serious, but the EIRP is increased less.
2. The invention can be applied to phased array antennas which are arranged at will, such as common spherical arrays, conical arrays and the like.
3. In the process of calculating the included angle between the normal direction of each array element antenna in the conformal phased-array antenna and the beam direction of the whole antenna, the method simplifies the calculation process, improves the calculation efficiency and reduces the calculation cost based on the conformal phased-array antenna coordinate system which is established in accordance with the internal inertial navigation coordinate system of the antenna.
4. The invention can flexibly set the preset threshold value of the included angle between the normal direction of the array element antenna and the beam direction of the whole antenna according to the actual requirement, can be used for different application scenes and has wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of an array element antenna in a planar phased array antenna.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of an array element antenna in a spherical phased array antenna.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-a reference array element antenna and 2-a third array element antenna.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and that the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Next, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic drawings, which are only examples when describing the embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
The present invention can be applied to any non-planar conformal phased array antenna, and the following embodiments are described by taking the circular conformal phased array antenna shown in fig. 2 as an example:
in engineering, the pitch angle and roll angle of the carrier, i.e. the pitch angle of the whole antenna, are generally obtained by inertial navigation measurement built in the antennap1And roll angler1。
For the sake of convenience of calculation, a coordinate system consistent with an inertial navigation coordinate system built in the antenna is firstly established on the circular conformal phased array antenna, so that the attitude angle measured by inertial navigation does not need to be converted, the attitude angle can be directly used, a part of calculation pressure is omitted, and meanwhile, a reference array element antenna is found under the coordinate system, as shown in fig. 2. A coordinate system is established with the reference array element antenna 1 as the origin of coordinates, and each array element antenna will have a certain 3-dimensional coordinate value (x, y, z).
When the carrier is in a horizontal state, an array element antenna in the conformal phased-array antenna arranged on the surface of the carrieriIs at an angle to the horizontal mounting surface ofhiAnd the angle with the x =0 plane isvi，i=1,2,……n，nThe total number of array element antennas in the conformal phased array antenna is; these angles are determined by the shape of the initial installation surface, and once the installation surface is determined, its value will be constant.
The phased array antenna is locked with a beam pointing direction and a horizontal plane included angle, namely a whole antenna beam pointing pitch anglep0, and x =0, i.e. the entire antenna beam is pointed at an azimuth y0, which varies from target position to target position, but for geostationary satellites, once one is selected, it is constant over a small geographical variation.
Calculating a certain array element antenna according to the known dataiAngle between normal and overall antenna beam pointingθ i。
For any one of the array elements of fig. 2i，hiAndvithe angle is also constant. The following calculations are performed using the third element antenna 2 in fig. 2 as an example:
when the carrier attitude is in a horizontal state, the normal vector of the third array element antenna 2 is:
wherein:
when the attitude of the carrier changes, the normal vector of the third array element antenna 2 is rotated, the rotation angle is given by inertial navigation, and the pitch angle of the whole antenna obtained by inertial navigation measurement isp1The transverse rolling angle isr1Therefore, the normal vector of the third array element antenna 2 after rotation is:
wherein:
the phased array antenna is locked with a beam pointing direction and a horizontal plane included angle, namely a whole antenna beam pointing pitch anglep0, and the whole antenna x =0 plane angle, i.e. the antenna azimuth angle is y0, the beam pointing vector of the whole antenna is:
wherein:
the angle between the normal direction of the third array element antenna 2 and the beam direction of the whole antennaθ3 is a vector
Sum vector
The included angle between them, defined by the multiplication of vectors:
due to the vectorAAndThare unit vectors, the modulus of which is 1,
then
An included angle theta 3 between the normal direction of the third array element antenna 2 and the beam direction of the whole antenna is a vector
Sum vector
Taking inverse cosine after dot multiplication
By calculating the angle between the normal direction of the third antenna element 2 and the whole antenna beam direction, for the third antenna element 2, the following formula can be used to allocate the transmitting power of the third antenna element 2
：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,Pis the required transmit power of the entire antenna,
for the parameters related to the form of the array elements, the phased array antenna generally adopts a PCB microstrip antenna with the value of
。
ε(θ i ) The sign function determined for the tilt of the array element antenna is defined as follows:
wherein
A threshold value is preset for an included angle between the normal direction of the array element antenna and the whole antenna beam direction, the threshold value can be set according to the beam width of the array element antenna and the maximum allowable power of the array element antenna TR component, and the threshold value is determined by a measuring method generally because many influencing factors exist in actual operation.
Claims (5)
1. A method of improving the EIRP of a conformal phased array antenna, comprising the steps of:
step 1, calculatingAn included angle theta between the normal direction of each array element antenna i in the conformal phased array antenna and the beam direction of the whole antenna i Wherein i is 1, 2 … … n;
step 2, according to the included angle theta i The size of the antenna element distributes different transmitting power to the corresponding array element antenna;
wherein, P j Is the transmitting power of the array element antenna j, P is the transmitting power needed by the whole antenna, a is the parameter related to the form of the array element antenna, theta j Is the angle between the normal of the array element antenna j and the whole antenna beam direction, theta i Is the included angle between the normal direction of the array element antenna i and the whole antenna beam direction, n is the number of the array element antennas in the conformal phased array antenna, j is a positive integer between 1 and n, and epsilon (theta) i ) And epsilon (theta) j ) All the functions are sign functions determined by the inclination angle of the array element antenna;
ε(θ i ) And epsilon (theta) j ) The definition is as follows:
wherein, theta th And presetting a threshold value for an included angle between the normal direction of the array element antenna and the beam direction of the whole antenna.
2. The method for improving the EIRP of the conformal phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, establishing a coordinate system;
selecting a reference array element antenna from the conformal phased array antenna, and establishing a coordinate system taking the reference array element antenna as a coordinate origin, wherein the coordinate system is consistent with an inertial navigation coordinate system built in the antenna;
step 1.2, calculating an included angle theta between the normal direction of each array element antenna i and the beam direction of the whole antenna in the coordinate system established in the step 1.1 i ；
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when the carrier attitude changes, the normal vector of the array element antenna i,
pointing for the entire antenna beam;
calculated according to the following formula:
wherein p1 is the pitch angle of the whole antenna measured by the inertial navigation system of the antenna, r1 is the roll angle of the whole antenna measured by the inertial navigation system of the antenna, Ry1(p1) is the rotation matrix of p1, Rx1(r1) is the rotation matrix of r1,
when the carrier attitude is in a horizontal state, the normal vector of the array element antenna i is obtained;
wherein vi is an included angle between a normal direction of the array element antenna i and the plane x ═ 0, Ry2(hi) is a rotation matrix of hi, Rz2(vi) is a rotation matrix of vi,
is an identity matrix on the x-axis,
whole antenna beam pointing
Calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
wherein: p0 is the overall antenna beam pointing elevation angle and y0 is the overall antenna beam pointing azimuth angle.
3. The method of improving the EIRP of a conformal phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein:
and hi is an included angle between the normal direction of the array element antenna i and the horizontal mounting surface.
4. The method of improving the EIRP of a conformal phased array antenna of claim 3, wherein:
5. a system for improving EIRP of a conformal phased array antenna, comprising a memory having a computer program stored therein and a processor, wherein: the computer program, when being executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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