CN113792418B - Polarization phase compensation method suitable for circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna - Google Patents
Polarization phase compensation method suitable for circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for compensating polarization phase of a circular polarization spherical phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps: constructing a spherical array geometric coordinate system, and determining installation rotation angle parameters of each array element relative to a reference array element under the spherical array geometric coordinate system; constructing a beam pointing coordinate system, and determining a coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and a spherical array geometric coordinate system; and determining an equivalent rotation angle parameter of the installation rotation angle parameter in the beam pointing coordinate system based on the installation rotation angle parameter and the coordinate conversion relation, and calculating a polarization compensation phase value according to the equivalent rotation angle parameter. According to the invention, the polarization compensation phase value is calculated by constructing the spherical array geometric coordinate system and the beam pointing coordinate system, so that the problem of polarization synthesis of the spherical phased array in a full airspace can be solved, and high-efficiency synthesis of the spherical phased array antenna beam is realized. And the algorithm has universality and can be widely applied to the design of various spherical phased array antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar antennas, in particular to a method suitable for compensating a polarization phase of a circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna.
Background
The design method of the spherical phased array is to arrange array elements on the surface of a sphere according to a certain rule, so that different area array elements work in each target direction. When the target moves, the target is opposite to different array area, and the working array area can be continuously switched along with the target, namely the working mode of the sliding window.
In order to form a high-gain beam in a target direction by the synthesized beam of the antenna, each array element of the antenna needs to be endowed with a certain phase relation, and then signal synthesis is carried out, so that a stable high-gain beam can be formed.
In the design principle of the spherical phased array antenna, the phase value caused by the change of the spatial polarization of the array element needs to be compensated, if the phase value cannot be compensated, the phased array antenna cannot synthesize beams with high efficiency, so that the efficiency of the array surface is reduced, and even the phased array antenna cannot work normally in certain specific directions.
In the current engineering application, the fixed beam polarization compensation based on the spherical array antenna cannot be applied to the working mode of the sliding window; if the full airspace is divided into a plurality of areas, each area adopts a polarization compensation method or a data list, and different areas adopt different polarization compensation methods and data lists, so that the operation is complicated and the calculation amount is large. How to compensate the polarization phase change with high precision and full space domain is an important task of antenna design.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for compensating the polarization phase of a circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna, which is used for solving the problem of how to compensate the change of the polarization phase with high precision and full airspace.
According to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the method for compensating the polarization phase of the circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna comprises the following steps:
constructing a spherical array geometric coordinate system, and determining installation rotation angle parameters of each array element relative to a reference array element under the spherical array geometric coordinate system;
constructing a beam pointing coordinate system, and determining a coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometric coordinate system;
and determining an equivalent rotation angle parameter of the installation rotation angle parameter in the beam pointing coordinate system based on the installation rotation angle parameter and the coordinate conversion relation, and calculating a polarization compensation phase value according to the equivalent rotation angle parameter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reference array element is a virtual array element in a zenith direction in a spherical array geometrical coordinate system.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mounting rotation angle parameter is an euler rotation parameter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mounting rotation angle parameters include a rotation angle γ about a spherical array geometric coordinate system Z-axis, a rotation angle β about a spherical array geometric coordinate system Y-axis, and a rotation angle α about an array element normal axis.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the constructing a beam pointing coordinate system and determining a coordinate transformation relationship between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometrical coordinate system includes:
constructing a beam pointing coordinate system by taking the beam pointing direction as a Z axis;
determining an included angle theta between a Z axis of the beam pointing coordinate system and a Z axis of the spherical array geometric coordinate system;
and determining an included angle phi between the projection of the Z axis of the beam pointing coordinate system on the XY plane of the spherical array geometric coordinate system and the X axis of the spherical array geometric coordinate system.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the determining an equivalent rotation angle parameter of the installation rotation angle parameter in the beam pointing coordinate system based on the installation rotation angle parameter and the coordinate conversion relation includes:
determining equivalent rotation angle parameters α ', γ' of the mounting rotation angle parameters in the beam pointing coordinate system according to the following formula:
R 1 ＝sinθcosΦ(cosαcosβcosγ-sinαsinγ)-sinθsinΦ(cosαcosβsinγ+sinαcosγ)+cosθcosαsinβ
R 2 ＝sinθcosΦ(sinαcosβcosγ+cosαsinγ)-sinθsinΦ(sinαcosβsinγ-cosαcosγ)+cosθsinαsinβ
R 3 ＝sinΦsinβcosγ+cosΦsinβsinγ
R 4 ＝cosθsinβ(cosΦcosγ-sinΦsinγ)+sinθcosβ。
an apparatus for circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna polarization phase compensation according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which when executed by the processor performs the steps of the method for circularly polarised spherical phased array antenna polarisation phase compensation as described in any of the embodiments of the first aspect.
A computer readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the computer readable storage medium has stored thereon an implementation program for information transfer, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method for compensating for a polarization phase of a circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna according to any of the embodiments of the first aspect.
By adopting the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the spherical array geometric coordinate system and the beam pointing coordinate system are constructed, and the polarization compensation phase value is calculated through the installation rotation angle parameter of each array element of the spherical array geometric coordinate system relative to the reference array element and the coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometric coordinate system, so that the problem of polarization synthesis of the spherical phased array in a full airspace can be solved, and the full airspace and high-precision beam synthesis of the spherical phased array are realized. The technical scheme has universality, can be widely applied to the design of various spherical phased array antennas, and realizes the high-efficiency synthesis of the spherical phased array antenna beams.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of compensating polarization phase in an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the geometrical coordinates of the beam and the spherical array in the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram showing the definition of the rotation angle α in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a layout of hemispherical array element positions in an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a hemispherical array element direction layout in an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a beam pattern without consideration of polarization phase compensation in an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention;
fig. 7 is a beam pattern that accounts for polarization phase compensation in an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
An embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention proposes a method for compensating a polarization phase of a circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna, as shown in fig. 1, including:
constructing a spherical array geometric coordinate system, as shown in fig. 2, and determining installation rotation angle parameters of each array element relative to a reference array element under the spherical array geometric coordinate system;
constructing a beam pointing coordinate system, and determining a coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometric coordinate system, wherein the beam pointing coordinate system is a coordinate system formed by rotating a Z axis of the spherical array geometric coordinate system to the beam pointing direction;
and determining an equivalent rotation angle parameter of the installation rotation angle parameter in the beam pointing coordinate system based on the installation rotation angle parameter and the coordinate conversion relation, and calculating a polarization compensation phase value according to the equivalent rotation angle parameter.
By adopting the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the spherical array geometric coordinate system and the beam pointing coordinate system are constructed, and the polarization compensation phase value is calculated through the installation rotation angle parameter of each array element of the spherical array geometric coordinate system relative to the reference array element and the coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometric coordinate system, so that the problem of polarization synthesis of the spherical phased array in a full airspace can be solved, and the full airspace and high-precision beam synthesis of the spherical phased array are realized. The technical scheme has universality, can be widely applied to the design of various spherical phased array antennas, and realizes the high-efficiency synthesis of the spherical phased array antenna beams.
On the basis of the above-described embodiments, various modified embodiments are further proposed, and it is to be noted here that only the differences from the above-described embodiments are described in the various modified embodiments for the sake of brevity of description.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reference array element is a virtual array element in a zenith direction in a spherical array geometrical coordinate system.
For example: as shown in fig. 2, the spherical center of the spherical phased array antenna is used as the origin of coordinates O of the spherical array geometric coordinate system to establish the spherical array geometric coordinate system O XYZ The positive direction of the Z axis is set as zenith direction.
The virtual array elements in the zenith direction are used as reference array elements, the virtual array elements in the zenith direction are used as reference objects, the rotation angles of the array elements relative to the reference array elements are easy to uniformly calculate, and the subsequent uniform calculation of the equivalent rotation relation of the installation rotation angle parameters under the beam pointing coordinate system is also facilitated.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reference array element may also be a virtual array element in other directions when constructing the spherical array geometrical coordinate system, for example a virtual array element in the X-axis direction, a virtual array element in the Y-axis direction or a virtual array element in other directions.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reference element may also be one of the elements in a spherical phased array.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the installation rotation angle parameter is an euler rotation parameter, i.e. each of the array elements determines an installation rotation angle with respect to a reference array element in an euler rotation manner.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the euler rotation sequence is ZYZ, i.e. the reference array element performs euler rotation sequentially according to the Z-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the euler rotation sequence may be set to ZXZ, XYZ or other X, Y, Z axis sequences designed according to the requirements of the present invention, and the angle of each rotation deflection is additionally calculated according to the set rotation sequence.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mounting rotation angle parameters include a rotation angle γ about the Z-axis of the spherical array geometry coordinate system, a rotation angle β about the Y-axis of the spherical array geometry coordinate system, and a rotation angle α about the normal axis of the array element, the direction of which, i.e. the origin of the spherical array geometry coordinate system, is directed in the direction of the array element.
Selecting a virtual array element in the zenith direction of a spherical surface as a reference source, using a group of Euler angles of alpha, beta and gamma as rotation angle parameters of any array element, and defining gamma as a rotation angle around a Z axis; beta is the rotation angle around the Y axis; alpha is the rotation angle around the normal axis of the array element finally, the definition of alpha is shown in figure 3, and the angle of alpha needs to be provided with an angle value through the antenna performance optimization design in the later period. Given the spherical array element coordinates (Xp, yp, zp), the calculation formula for the beta and gamma parameters is:
according to the technical scheme, the installation rotation parameters gamma, beta and alpha of the array element can be determined, the parameter data is irrelevant to the subsequent beam direction, and the data cannot be changed under the condition of unchanged installation. The determined alpha, beta and gamma are used for calculating the coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometric coordinate system.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the constructing a beam pointing coordinate system and determining a coordinate transformation relationship between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometrical coordinate system includes:
constructing a beam pointing coordinate system by taking the beam pointing direction as a Z axis; for example, the beam pointing is used as the positive Z direction of the beam pointing coordinate system.
As shown in fig. 2, determining an included angle θ between a Z axis of the beam pointing coordinate system and a Z axis of the spherical array geometrical coordinate system;
as shown in fig. 2, an angle Φ between the projection of the Z-axis of the beam pointing coordinate system onto the XY-plane of the spherical array geometrical coordinate system and the X-axis of the spherical array geometrical coordinate system is determined.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the determining an equivalent rotation angle parameter of the installation rotation angle parameter in the beam pointing coordinate system based on the installation rotation angle parameter and the coordinate conversion relation includes:
determining equivalent rotation angle parameters α ', γ' of the mounting rotation angle parameters in the beam pointing coordinate system according to the following formula:
R 1 ＝sinθcosΦ(cosαcosβcosγ-sinαsinγ)-sinθsinΦ(cosαcosβsinγ+sinαcosγ)+cosθcosαsinβ
R 2 ＝sinθcosΦ(sinαcosβcosγ+cosαsinγ)-sinθsinΦ(sinαcosβsinγ-cosαcosγ)+cosθsinαsinβ
R 3 ＝sinΦsinβcosγ+cosΦsinβsinγ
R 4 ＝cosθsinβ(cosΦcosγ-sinΦsinγ)+sinθcosβ。
according to some embodiments of the present invention, the difference between the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization is further considered, and the polarization compensation phase value is finally obtained as follows:
P lcp ＝-α′-γ′
P rcp ＝α′+γ′
according to some embodiments of the present invention, in a spherical phased array antenna with a diameter of 2.3 meters, an array surface main body of the phased array antenna is a hemispherical surface, 564 array elements are distributed on the hemispherical surface, the arrangement positions of the hemispherical array elements are shown in fig. 4, and the arrangement directions of the hemispherical array elements are shown in fig. 5.
And constructing a spherical array geometric coordinate system, wherein the center of a hemispherical circle is taken as the origin of the spherical array geometric coordinate system, and the zenith direction is taken as the positive direction of the Z axis. Setting a virtual array element in the zenith direction as a reference array element, and passing through the coordinates of each array element in a spherical array geometric coordinate system and the following formula:
calculating rotation angle parameters of 564 array elements distributed on the hemispherical surface and a reference array element respectively, wherein gamma is a rotation angle around a Z axis; beta is the rotation angle around the Y axis; alpha is the rotation angle of the normal axis of the array element finally, and the angle of alpha gives an angle value through antenna performance optimization design.
If the beam direction is set to be the zenith direction, the beam direction coordinate system is overlapped with the spherical array geometric coordinate system. And determining the coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometric coordinate system, and calculating 348 array elements to be excited according to the formula, the coordinate data and the like. If the phase compensation of the array element polarization is not considered, the direction diagram of the synthesized beam is shown in fig. 6, the center of the beam is null, and the gain in the axial direction of the beam is seriously affected; however, after the phase value caused by the change of the spatial polarization of each array element is calculated and compensated, the synthesized beam pattern is shown in fig. 7, and the axial direction of the beam reaches the expected gain performance.
By adopting the polarization phase compensation method provided by the embodiment of the invention to carry out polarization phase compensation on the circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna, the problem of polarization synthesis of the spherical phased array in a full airspace can be solved, the synthesized wave beam achieves the expected gain performance in the axial direction of the wave beam, and the algorithm has universality and can be widely applied to the design of various spherical phased array antennas.
The following describes in detail a method for compensating the polarization phase of a circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna in a specific embodiment. It is to be understood that the following description is exemplary only and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. All similar structures and similar variations of the invention are included in the scope of the invention.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, according to the design principle of the circular polarization planar phased antenna, the polarization compensation amount of the circular polarization planar phased array composite beam is the rotation amount caused by arrangement of each array element, that is, the position and posture of one array element are taken as a reference to obtain the rotation amount of all other array elements around the normal axis relative to the reference array element, the rotation amount is the amount to be compensated, and the sign of the phase amount to be compensated of the left-hand circular polarization beam is opposite to the sign of the phase amount to be compensated of the right-hand circular polarization beam.
According to the method for compensating the polarization phase of the circular polarization spherical phased array antenna, the phase value caused by the change of the spatial polarization of the array element is compensated in the following two steps.
Firstly, constructing a spherical array geometric coordinate system, and constructing the coordinate system by taking the center of a circle of a spherical phased array as a coordinate origin and the zenith direction of the spherical phased array as the positive direction of a Z axis. Setting a virtual array element in the zenith direction as a reference array element, determining the installation rotation relation of each array element relative to the reference array element, wherein the relation is irrelevant to the beam direction and only changes along with the array element, and adopting Euler rotation as a rotation parameter of a coordinate system according to the position and polarization rotation condition of each array element in the coordinate system. Euler rotation is a set of angular parameters that rotate about coordinate axes, and can be divided into 12 rotational relationships according to the order of rotation about the three coordinate axes. The Euler rotation parameters consist of three angle values, namely angle values rotated around the coordinate axis for three times. In the embodiment, the Euler rotation sequence of ZYZ is adopted, a virtual array element in the zenith direction of a spherical surface is selected as a reference source, a group of Euler angles of alpha, beta and gamma is used as rotation angle parameters of any array element, and gamma is defined as a rotation angle around a Z axis; beta is the rotation angle around the Y axis; alpha is the rotation angle around the normal axis of the array element finally, the definition of the alpha is shown in figure 3, and the alpha is given by the antenna performance optimization design.
Given the spherical array element coordinates (Xp, yp, zp), the calculation formula for the beta and gamma parameters is:
and obtaining values of alpha, beta and gamma, and calculating the phase compensation quantity in the second step.
Secondly, constructing beam pointing coordinates, and determining a coordinate conversion relation between a beam pointing coordinate system and a spherical array geometric coordinate system, wherein the beam pointing is [ theta, phi ] as shown in fig. 2, and theta is an included angle between the beam pointing and a Z axis in the spherical geometric coordinate system; and phi is the included angle between the projection of the beam pointing on the XY plane and the X axis in the spherical geometrical coordinate system, three equivalent rotation angle alpha ', beta', gamma 'values caused by the change of the beam pointing and based on ZYZ Euler rotation can be calculated, wherein alpha' is the rotation angle around the Z axis for the first time, beta 'is the rotation angle around the Y axis for the second time, and gamma' is the rotation angle around the new Z axis for the third time. From the mathematical formula of the rotation of the coordinate system, it is known from the principle of polarization phase compensation that only α 'and γ' cause polarization change in the ZYZ euler rotation, so the phase value to be compensated is the sum of the two. The calculation formulas of alpha 'and gamma' can be obtained by the mathematical relation of the rotation of the coordinate system, and are as follows:
wherein:
R 1 ＝sinθcosΦ(cosαcosβcosγ-sinαsinγ)-sinθsinΦ(cosαcosβsinγ+sinαcosγ)+cosθcosαsinβ
R 2 ＝sinθcosΦ(sinαcosβcosγ+cosαsinγ)-sinθsinΦ(sinαcosβsinγ-cosαcosγ)+cosθsinαsinβ
R 3 ＝sinΦsinβcosγ+cosΦsinβsinγ
R 4 ＝cosθsinβ(cosΦcosγ-sinΦsinγ)+sinθcosβ
in addition, the difference between the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization is considered, and finally, the polarization compensation phase value is obtained as follows:
P lcp ＝-α′-γ′
P rcp ＝α′+γ′
through the technical scheme, the equivalent rotation angle relation of each array element under the beam pointing coordinate system can be obtained, and the relation is the magnitude of the circular polarization spherical array polarization phase compensation.
An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention proposes an apparatus for circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna polarization phase compensation, comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which when executed by the processor performs the steps of the method for circularly polarised spherical phased array antenna polarisation phase compensation as described in any of the embodiments of the first aspect.
An embodiment of a third aspect of the present invention proposes a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program for implementing information transfer, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method for compensating for a circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna polarization phase as described in any of the embodiments of the first aspect.
Note that the computer readable storage medium according to the present embodiment includes, but is not limited to: ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks, etc. The program-driven processor may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device.
In the description of the present specification, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Claims (5)
1. The method for compensating the polarization phase of the circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
constructing a spherical array geometric coordinate system, and determining installation rotation angle parameters of each array element relative to a reference array element under the spherical array geometric coordinate system;
constructing a beam pointing coordinate system, and determining a coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometric coordinate system;
based on the installation rotation angle parameter and the coordinate conversion relation, determining an equivalent rotation angle parameter of the installation rotation angle parameter in the beam pointing coordinate system, and calculating a polarization compensation phase value according to the equivalent rotation angle parameter;
the installation rotation angle parameters comprise a rotation angle gamma around a Z axis of the spherical array geometric coordinate system, a rotation angle beta around a Y axis of the spherical array geometric coordinate system and a rotation angle alpha around a normal axis of the array element;
the constructing a beam pointing coordinate system and determining a coordinate conversion relation between the beam pointing coordinate system and the spherical array geometric coordinate system comprises the following steps:
constructing a beam pointing coordinate system by taking the beam pointing direction as a Z axis;
determining an included angle theta between a Z axis of the beam pointing coordinate system and a Z axis of the spherical array geometric coordinate system;
determining an included angle phi between the projection of the Z axis of the beam pointing coordinate system on the XY plane of the spherical array geometric coordinate system and the X axis of the spherical array geometric coordinate system;
the determining, based on the installation rotation angle parameter and the coordinate conversion relation, an equivalent rotation angle parameter of the installation rotation angle parameter in the beam pointing coordinate system includes:
determining equivalent rotation angle parameters α ', γ' of the mounting rotation angle parameters in the beam pointing coordinate system according to the following formula:
R 1 ＝sinθcosΦ(cosαcosβcosγ-sinαsinγ)-sinθsinΦ(cosαcosβsinγ+sinαcosγ)+cosθ
cosαsinβ
R 2 ＝sinθcosΦ(sinαcosβcosγ+cosαsinγ)-sinθsinΦ(sinαcosβsinγ-cosαcosγ)+cosθ
sinαsinβ
R 3 ＝sinΦsinβcosγ+cosΦsinβsinγ
R 4 ＝cosθsinβ(cosΦcosγ-sinΦsinγ)+sinθcosβ；
the polarization compensation phase value is the sum of the equivalent rotation angle parameters α ', γ'.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference array element is a virtual array element in a zenith direction in a spherical array geometry coordinate system.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the installation rotation angle parameter is an euler rotation parameter.
4. An apparatus for circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna polarization phase compensation, comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which when executed by the processor performs the steps of the method for circularly polarised spherical phased array antenna polarisation phase compensation as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3.
5. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a program for implementing information transfer is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for compensating for the polarization phase of a circularly polarized spherical phased array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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