CN115470660B - Spherical-cylindrical-area-array difference beam zero-depth optimization method and device - Google Patents
Spherical-cylindrical-area-array difference beam zero-depth optimization method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for zero-depth optimization of spherical-cylindrical area array difference beams, which comprise the following steps: establishing a spherical cylindrical array model, dividing an activation region of the spherical cylindrical array model into two regions along an azimuth plane or a pitch plane, and respectively forming an azimuth plane difference beam directional pattern and a pitch plane difference beam directional pattern; calculating the vector product of the normal vector of each array element unit and the beam pointing unit vector of the two areas as a first-stage weight; determining the number of array elements of the two regions, and determining a second weight value based on the determined deviation between the number of array elements of the two regions; and performing zero-depth optimization on the azimuth plane difference beam directional diagram and the elevation plane difference beam directional diagram by using the first weight and the second weight. The scheme of the application realizes the optimization of the zero depth of the difference beam by combining the determined two-stage weighting coefficients, and is simple to realize, strong in universality and less in resource occupation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a method and a device for zero depth optimization of a spherical-cylindrical area array difference beam.
Background
The antenna array is used as key equipment for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals, and has a very important position in the fields of measurement and control, radar, navigation, communication and the like. However, in many spherical or curved application scenarios, the finally formed difference beam pattern has poor null depth due to different directions of the antenna at different positions and the asymmetry of the structure. At present, a differential beam zero depth optimization mode is usually based on the weighting of array elements by comparing respective direction coefficients of two differential beam areas, the method is effective in improving the performance of the differential beams, the direction coefficients of the differential beam areas need to be calculated each time, a large amount of calculation resources are occupied, and the calculation of the weighting coefficients and the forming speed of the differential beam pattern are slow. For the poor beam forming and optimizing problem of the large-scale full-airspace spherical cylindrical phased array antenna, no applicable method exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for optimizing zero depth of a spherical column-surface array differential wave beam, which are simple to realize, strong in universality and less in resource occupation for a large-scale spherical array, in order to solve the problem that zero depth of the differential wave beam deteriorates due to different directions of antennas at different positions and asymmetry of the structure of the conventional full-airspace spherical phased array.
The embodiment of the application provides a zero depth optimization method for spherical column area array difference wave beams, which comprises the following steps:
establishing a spherical-cylindrical array model, dividing an activation area of the spherical-cylindrical array model into two areas along an azimuth plane or a pitch plane, and respectively forming an azimuth plane difference beam directional pattern and a pitch plane difference beam directional pattern;
calculating the vector product of the normal vector of each array element unit and the beam pointing unit vector of the two areas as a first weight;
determining the number of array elements of the two regions, and determining a second weight value based on the determined deviation between the number of array elements of the two regions;
and performing zero-depth optimization on the azimuth plane difference beam directional diagram and the pitching plane difference beam directional diagram by using the first weight and the second weight.
Optionally, the establishing a sphere-column-area array model includes:
taking the sphere center as a coordinate origin, establishing a hemispherical surface in a space with z larger than 0 and a cylindrical surface in a space with z smaller than 0 in a three-dimensional coordinate system, wherein the radius of the cylindrical surface and the radius of the hemispherical surface are both r;
setting a first antenna array element at a position on a z-axis away from the center of the sphere by a distance r, wherein the normal direction of the array element is plus-z-axis direction, rotating around the center of the sphere, arranging a plurality of array elements on the sphere by half wavelength of the spacing of the array elements, and rotating around the z-axis;
and arranging a plurality of array elements on the cylindrical surface by half wavelength of the array element interval, thereby establishing a spherical cylindrical surface array and determining the coordinates and normal vectors of all the array elements.
Optionally, calculating a vector product of each array element unit normal vector and the beam pointing unit vector of the two regions, and using the vector product as the first weight includes:
the ratio of the projection aperture of the array element in the beam direction to the original equivalent radiation aperture is used as a first weight, and the following requirements are met:
in the formula,
a first weight value representing a first region is indicated,
and
the equivalent radiation apertures of the ith array element in the first area in the beam direction and the normal direction of the array element are respectively, alpha is the vector angle between the normal direction of the array element and the beam direction and represents the array elementiThe unit normal vector, represents the beam pointing direction.
Optionally, the azimuth plane difference beam pattern and the elevation plane difference beam pattern are subjected to zero-depth optimization by using the first weight, and the conditions are that:
wherein,
and
respectively representing the initial amplitude weighting coefficients of the ith or jth array element in the two regions,
and
respectively representing the weighted amplitude weighting coefficients of the ith or jth array element in the two regions,
a first weight value of the second region is represented.
Optionally, the determining the second weight based on the determined deviation between the numbers of array elements of the two regions includes:
and using the ratio of the number of the array elements of the two areas as a second weight.
Optionally, the azimuth plane difference beam pattern and the elevation plane difference beam pattern are subjected to zero-depth optimization by using the second weight, and the conditions are that:
wherein,
is the number of array elements of the first region,
is the number of array elements of the second region,
and
respectively representing the amplitude weighting coefficients after the quadratic weighting of the ith or jth array element in the two areas.
The embodiment of the application further provides a device for optimizing zero depth of spherical-cylindrical-array difference beams, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program realizes the steps of the method for optimizing zero depth of spherical-cylindrical-array difference beams when being executed by the processor.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the foregoing sphero-cylindrical array difference beam zero depth optimization method are implemented.
The embodiment of the application aims at a spherical column array, a first-stage weighting coefficient is obtained through a vector angle formed by a normal vector of an array element and a beam direction, a second-stage weighting coefficient is obtained through the number ratio of the array elements in a difference beam partition, and the zero depth optimization of the difference beam is realized through the combination of the two-stage weighting coefficients.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and the present application may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description so as to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood, and the detailed description of the present application will be given below in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a basic flowchart of a sphere-cylinder array difference beam zero depth optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sphero-cylindrical array model according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sphere-cylinder array difference beam partition according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 shows the change of the difference beam zero depth of the elevation surface before and after optimization when the spherical array of the embodiment of the present application points at different beams;
FIG. 5 shows the variation of azimuth plane difference beam zero depth before and after optimization when different beams are pointed by the spherical array in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a spherical array of an embodiment of the present application that optimizes the elevation difference beam pattern at (60, 0);
fig. 7 shows that the spherical array of the embodiment of the present application optimizes the elevation difference beam pattern at (60 °,30 °).
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for optimizing zero depth of a spherical column area array difference beam, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
in step S101, a sphere-cylinder array model is established, an activation region of the sphere-cylinder array model is divided into two regions along an azimuth plane or a pitch plane, and an azimuth plane difference beam pattern and a pitch plane difference beam pattern are formed respectively. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, establishing the sphere-cylinder array model includes: taking the sphere center as a coordinate origin, establishing a hemispherical surface in a space with z larger than 0 and a cylindrical surface in a space with z smaller than 0 in a three-dimensional coordinate system, wherein the radius of the cylindrical surface and the radius of the hemispherical surface are both r; setting a first antenna array element at a position on a z-axis away from the center of the sphere by a distance r, wherein the normal direction of the array element is plus-z-axis direction, rotating around the center of the sphere, arranging a plurality of array elements on the sphere by half wavelength of the spacing of the array elements, and rotating around the z-axis; and arranging a plurality of array elements on the cylindrical surface by half wavelength of the array element interval, thereby establishing a spherical cylindrical surface array and determining the coordinates and normal vectors of all the array elements.
In this example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the activation regions are: and taking the sphere center as an origin, intercepting the sphere by using a pyramid deviating from the beam to point to a certain angular domain range, and taking the intercepted range as an activation region.
Because the normal directions of the array elements in the sphero-cylindrical array are different, the amplitudes of the antenna array elements at different positions in the beam pointing direction are different, so that the amplitudes in two difference beam partitions are unequal, and the difference beam deteriorates in zero depth. The weight calculation based on the array element normal vector is as follows: the active area is divided equally into 2 areas along the azimuth or elevation plane, forming an azimuth or elevation plane difference beam pattern, respectively. In step S102, a vector product of the normal vector of each array element unit and the beam pointing unit vector of the two regions is calculated as a first weight.
In step S103, the number of array elements of the two regions is determined, and a second weight is determined based on the deviation between the determined number of array elements of the two regions.
In step S104, the azimuth plane difference beam pattern and the elevation plane difference beam pattern are subjected to null depth optimization using the first weight and the second weight.
The embodiment of the application aims at a spherical-cylindrical array, a first-stage weighting coefficient is obtained by using a vector angle between an array element normal vector and a beam direction, a second-stage weighting coefficient is obtained by using the ratio of the number of the array elements in a difference beam partition, and the zero-depth optimization of the difference beam is realized by combining the two-stage weighting coefficients.
In some embodiments, calculating a vector product of each array element normal vector and a beam pointing unit vector of the two regions as the first weight comprises: the ratio of the projection aperture of the array element in the beam direction to the original equivalent radiation aperture is used as a first weight, and the following requirements are met:
in the formula,
a first weight value representing a first region is indicated,
and
is the first areaiThe equivalent radiation apertures of the array elements in the beam direction and the array element normal direction are respectively, alpha is the vector angle between the array element normal direction and the beam direction and represents the array elementiThe unit normal vector, represents the beam pointing direction.
In this example, the normal direction and the beam direction of the array element are both unit vectors, the vector product is equal to the ratio of the projection aperture of the array element in the beam direction to the original equivalent radiation aperture, and the weight in the above formula is used to solve the problem of unequal amplitude in the difference beam partition caused by the different normal directions of the array element.
In some embodiments, the null-depth optimization of the azimuth plane difference beam pattern and the elevation plane difference beam pattern using the first weights satisfies:
wherein,
and
respectively representing the second of two regionsiOrjThe initial amplitude weighting coefficients of the individual array elements,
and
respectively represent the second of the two regionsiOrjThe weighted amplitude weighting coefficients of the individual array elements,
a first weight value of the second region is represented.
In some embodiments, determining the second weight based on the determined deviation between the number of array elements of the two regions comprises:
and using the ratio of the number of the array elements of the two areas as a second weight.
Optionally, the azimuth plane difference beam pattern and the elevation plane difference beam pattern are subjected to zero-depth optimization by using the second weight, and the conditions are that:
wherein,
is the number of array elements of the first region,
is the number of array elements of the second region,
and
respectively represent the second of the two regionsiOrjAnd the amplitude weighting coefficients of the array elements after the secondary weighting.
The weight calculation based on the number of array elements in the difference beam area refers to: the asymmetry of the sphero-cylindrical structure itself will result in a different number of elements in the poor beam sector, in this example the number of elements in the poor beam area
And
the ratio is used as a second-stage weight and then combined with the first weight given in advance, so that zero-depth optimization of the difference beam pattern is realized.
After the two-stage weight is adopted for weighting, the zero depth performance of the difference beam directional diagram is obviously improved. Referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 shows the change of the null depth of the pitch plane pattern difference beam before and after weighting when the spherical array beam pointing changes from 0 ° to 80 °, and fig. 5 shows the change of the null depth of the azimuth plane pattern difference beam before and after weighting when the spherical array beam pointing changes from 0 ° to 90 °. Clearly, the difference beam null depth is significantly optimized after weighting.
Referring to tables 1 and 2, performance comparison of the elevation and azimuth difference beam patterns of the spherical array before and after weighting is respectively given when different beams are pointed. According to the comparison result, when some beams are directed downwards, the difference beam area division is symmetrical, the zero depth of the difference beam is good, and the performance difference before and after weighting is small; and for the asymmetrical beam pointing of the differential beam region division, the zero depth of the differential beam can be obviously optimized through weighting, and the gain loss after weighting is less than 0.4dB. Fig. 6 and 7 show the elevation difference beam patterns of the spherical array before and after weighting in the directions of (60 °,0 °) and (60 °,30 °), respectively.
TABLE 1 poor beam performance comparison of array weighted front and back pitch surfaces at different beam orientations
TABLE 2 comparison of differential beam performance between the azimuth and azimuth planes of the array weighting for different beam orientations
Therefore, the zero depth optimization method of the spherical-cylindrical-surface array difference wave beam is adopted, the vector product of the array element unit normal direction and the wave beam direction is used as a first weight, the ratio of the array element number in the difference wave beam area is used as a second-stage weight, and the zero depth optimization of the spherical-cylindrical-surface array difference wave beam directional diagram can be realized by combining the two groups of weights.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the application is strong in universality and easy to operate. The method is used for obtaining the first-stage weighting coefficient by the array element normal vector and the vector angle pointed by the wave beam aiming at the spherical cylindrical array, obtaining the second-stage weighting coefficient by the ratio of the array element number in the difference wave beam partition, combining the two-stage weighting coefficients to realize the zero-depth optimization of the difference wave beam, and can be used for aiming at most curved surface arrays with different shapes, and has the advantages of strong universality and simplicity in operation.
In the prior art, the weighting coefficient is calculated based on the ratio of the direction coefficients in the two difference beam areas, and this method can also improve the difference zero depth deterioration caused by the unequal amplitudes of the difference beam areas, but for a large-scale array, each calculation of the direction coefficient in the difference beam area occupies certain resources and time. The scheme of the application occupies less resources and has high calculation speed. The method for optimizing the differential beam directional diagram has the advantages that the calculation process of the required weight is simple, variable sources are existing data after the spherical array is established, less calculation resources can be occupied, and the weight can be calculated quickly.
The embodiment of the application further provides a device for optimizing zero depth of spherical-cylindrical-array difference beams, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program realizes the steps of the method for optimizing zero depth of spherical-cylindrical-array difference beams when being executed by the processor.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the foregoing sphero-cylindrical array difference beam zero depth optimization method are implemented.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (e.g., ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal (e.g., a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present application.
While the present embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments described above, which are meant to be illustrative and not restrictive, and that various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A zero depth optimization method for spherical column area array difference wave beams is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a spherical cylindrical array model, dividing an activation region of the spherical cylindrical array model into two regions along an azimuth plane or a pitch plane, and respectively forming an azimuth plane difference beam directional pattern and a pitch plane difference beam directional pattern;
calculating the vector product of the normal vector of each array element unit and the vector of the beam pointing unit of the two areas as a first weight;
determining the number of array elements of the two regions, and determining a second weight value based on the determined deviation between the number of array elements of the two regions;
and performing zero-depth optimization on the azimuth plane difference beam directional diagram and the elevation plane difference beam directional diagram by using the first weight and the second weight.
2. The sphero-cylindrical array difference beam zero depth optimization method of claim 1, wherein establishing a sphero-cylindrical array model comprises:
taking the sphere center as a coordinate origin, establishing a hemispherical surface in a space with z larger than 0 and a cylindrical surface in a space with z smaller than 0 in a three-dimensional coordinate system, wherein the radius of the cylindrical surface and the radius of the hemispherical surface are both r;
setting a first antenna array element at a position on a z-axis away from the center of the sphere by a distance r, wherein the normal direction of the array element is plus-z-axis direction, rotating around the center of the sphere, arranging a plurality of array elements on the sphere by half wavelength of the spacing of the array elements, and rotating around the z-axis;
and arranging a plurality of array elements on the cylindrical surface by half-wavelength of the array element interval, thereby establishing a spherical-cylindrical surface array and determining the coordinates and normal vectors of all the array elements.
3. The sphero-cylindrical array difference beam zero depth optimization method of claim 2, wherein calculating the vector product of each unit normal vector and the beam pointing unit vector of the two regions as the first weight comprises:
the ratio of the projection aperture of the array element in the beam direction to the original equivalent radiation aperture is used as a first weight, and the following requirements are met:
in the formula,
a first weight value representing a first region,
and
is a first region ofiThe projection aperture of each array element in the beam direction and the original equivalent radiation aperture,
representing the array elements for the vector angles of the array element normal direction and the beam pointing directioniThe unit normal vector, represents the beam pointing direction.
4. The sphere-cylinder array difference beam zero depth optimization method of claim 3, wherein performing zero depth optimization on the azimuth plane difference beam pattern and the elevation plane difference beam pattern by using the first weight satisfies that:
wherein,
and
respectively representing the second of two regionsiOrjThe initial amplitude weighting coefficients of the individual array elements,
and
respectively represent the second of the two regionsiOrjThe weighted amplitude weighting coefficients of the individual array elements,
a first weight value of the second region is represented.
5. The sphero-cylindrical array difference beam zero depth optimization method of claim 4, wherein determining the second weight based on the determined deviation between the number of array elements of the two regions comprises:
and using the ratio of the number of the array elements of the two areas as a second weight.
6. The sphere-cylinder array difference beam zero depth optimization method of claim 5, wherein performing zero depth optimization on the azimuth plane difference beam pattern and the elevation plane difference beam pattern by using the second weight satisfies that:
wherein,
is the number of array elements of the first region,
is the number of array elements of the second region,
and
respectively represent the second of the two regionsiOrjAnd the amplitude weighting coefficients of the array elements after the secondary weighting.
7. A spherocylindrical array difference beam zero depth optimisation device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the steps of the spherocylindrical array difference beam zero depth optimisation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the sphero-cylindrical array difference beam zero depth optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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