CN115133291A - Irregular antenna subarray, phased array antenna and design method of phased array antenna - Google Patents
Irregular antenna subarray, phased array antenna and design method of phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN115133291A CN115133291A CN202210657822.1A CN202210657822A CN115133291A CN 115133291 A CN115133291 A CN 115133291A CN 202210657822 A CN202210657822 A CN 202210657822A CN 115133291 A CN115133291 A CN 115133291A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/004—Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life
- G06N3/006—Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life based on simulated virtual individual or collective life forms, e.g. social simulations or particle swarm optimisation [PSO]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/12—Computing arrangements based on biological models using genetic models
- G06N3/126—Evolutionary algorithms, e.g. genetic algorithms or genetic programming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides an irregular antenna subarray, a phased array antenna and a design method of the phased array antenna. The irregular antenna subarray comprises: the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna units which are arranged in a matrix form, wherein each row and each column of the matrix comprise at least two antenna units, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is equal; the array plane is provided with at least one radio frequency interface, each radio frequency interface corresponds to an antenna combination formed by any four adjacent antenna units arranged in a matrix form, the radio frequency interface is positioned at the central point of the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form in the corresponding antenna combination, and the distances from the radio frequency interface to the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form are equal and are connected with any one of the antenna units; for any antenna unit, the antenna unit is connected with at most one radio frequency interface, and the antenna unit at least belongs to one antenna combination with the corresponding radio frequency interface. The phased array antenna composed of the irregular antenna subarrays provided by the invention can effectively improve the side lobe suppression level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to an irregular antenna subarray, a phased array antenna and a design method of the phased array antenna.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of an active phased array antenna technology, the characteristics of high power and high efficiency provide an effective technical approach for greatly increasing the radar range, and the antenna system is greatly improved in the aspects of reliability, stealth, anti-interference capability, multi-target tracking capability and the like. In the existing phased array antenna, the sidelobe level can be reduced in a mode of carrying out sparse distribution by taking a subarray as a unit, and the greatest advantage of the mode of adopting the subarray sparse distribution is that the complexity and the cost can be reduced, but the array distribution mode cannot achieve the optimization target in a scene with high sidelobe requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an irregular antenna subarray, a phased array antenna and a design method of the phased array antenna, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the sparse distribution of the phased array antenna is performed by taking the subarray as a unit, so that the sidelobe suppression level is not high and the sparse distribution of the subarray is not flexible.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an irregular antenna subarray, including:
a plurality of antenna elements;
the antenna units are arranged in a matrix form, each row and each column of the matrix comprise at least two antenna units, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is equal;
the antenna combination is composed of any four adjacent antenna units arranged in a matrix form, the radio frequency interface is positioned at the central point of the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form in the corresponding antenna combination, the distances from the radio frequency interface to the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form are equal, and the radio frequency interface is connected with any one of the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form; and for any antenna unit, the antenna unit is connected with at most one radio frequency interface, and the antenna unit at least belongs to one target antenna combination, and the target antenna combination is an antenna combination with a corresponding radio frequency interface.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a phased array antenna, the phased array antenna comprising a plurality of substantially regular antenna sub-arrays and a plurality of irregular antenna sub-arrays as described above in relation to the first aspect;
the basic regular antenna subarray comprises a plurality of antenna units which are arranged in a matrix form, and each antenna unit is correspondingly connected with a radio frequency interface; the plurality of the basic regular antenna sub-arrays are fully distributed at the middle position of the phased array antenna array surface, and the plurality of the irregular antenna sub-arrays are sparsely distributed at the edge position of the phased array antenna array surface.
In a possible implementation manner, a distance between any two adjacent antenna units in the irregular antenna sub-array is the same as a distance between any two adjacent antenna units in the basic regular antenna sub-array.
In a possible implementation manner, the number of radio frequency interfaces of the irregular antenna subarray is the same as that of the basic regular antenna subarray.
In a possible implementation manner, the irregular antenna subarray is divided into different types according to different antenna units connected to each radio frequency interface in the irregular antenna subarray;
the type of the irregular antenna subarrays in the phased array antenna does not exceed a preset value.
In a possible implementation manner, the basic regular antenna subarray is a 2 × 2 subarray formed by arranging 4 antenna units in a matrix form, and the irregular antenna subarray is a 3 × 3 subarray formed by arranging 9 antenna units in a matrix form.
In a possible implementation manner, the number of the irregular antenna sub-arrays is 48, and the number of the basic regular antenna sub-arrays is 72.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a phased array antenna, where the method is used to generate the phased array antenna as described in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect;
the method comprises the following steps:
and searching the optimal value of each optimized variable through an optimization algorithm by taking the position of a basic regular antenna sub-array, the position of an irregular antenna sub-array and the position of an antenna unit connected with a radio frequency interface in each irregular antenna sub-array in the phased array antenna as optimized variables to obtain the phased array antenna.
In a possible implementation manner, the optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm, and finding the optimal value of each optimization variable through the genetic algorithm includes:
setting parameters of a genetic algorithm and generating an initial population; each individual in the initial population is a group of optimized variables, and each group of optimized variables comprises the position of a basic regular antenna subarray, the position of an irregular antenna subarray and the position of an antenna unit connected with a radio frequency interface in each irregular antenna subarray;
calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual, and determining the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value;
selecting, crossing and mutating individuals in the initial population to generate a new population;
calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual in the new population, updating the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value, and continuously iterating until the maximum iteration times is reached;
and determining the optimal value of each optimization variable according to the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value.
In a possible implementation manner, the formula for calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual in the new population is as follows:
y＝abs(MSLL)
wherein y is the formula for calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual in the new population, abs represents an absolute value function, MSLL is the maximum side lobe level of the elevation projection pattern, and S represents θ ═ θ 0 、
Side lobe interval of time-elevation projection directional diagram, psi 0 Denotes half the width of the main lobe, F theta (theta) is the elevation projection pattern function of the phased array antenna array,
as a function of the directional pattern of the phased array antenna array surface, N 1 、N 2 Respectively representing the number of substantially regular and irregular sub-arrays of antennas in a phased array antenna, d xi 、d yi Respectively representing the abscissa and ordinate of each antenna unit when a plane rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the center of the phased array antenna array surface as an origin,
representing the element field, j is the unit of the imaginary part of the complex number, k is the wave number corresponding to the working frequency of the phased array antenna,
representing the beam pointing angle.
The embodiment of the invention provides an irregular antenna subarray, which comprises a plurality of antenna units; the antenna units are arranged in a matrix form, each row and each column of the matrix comprise at least two antenna units, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is equal; the antenna combination is composed of any four adjacent antenna units arranged in a matrix form, the radio frequency interface is positioned at the center point of the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form in the corresponding antenna combination, the distances from the radio frequency interface to the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form are equal, and the radio frequency interface is connected with any one of the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form; and for any antenna unit, the antenna unit is connected with at most one radio frequency interface, and the antenna unit at least belongs to one target antenna combination, and the target antenna combination is an antenna combination with a corresponding radio frequency interface. The phased array antenna composed of the irregular antenna subarrays provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the sparse distribution of the phased array antenna by taking the subarrays as units, and can realize the sparse distribution of the phased array antenna by taking the antenna as a unit, thereby improving the degree of freedom of optimization of the antenna unit and effectively improving the side lobe suppression level.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary 4-element AiP package according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of an exemplary front surface of a phased array antenna constructed by 4 array elements AiP according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a simulated directional diagram of a phased array antenna constructed by 4 array elements AiP according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary wavefront of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary array of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an irregular antenna subarray according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary array of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a simulated pattern of a phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an irregular antenna subarray according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an irregular antenna subarray according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a method for designing a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following description is made by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Taking AiP form subarrays as an example, for an aip (antenna package) module including multiple antennas, a single module is used as a subarray, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical package of 4 elements AiP provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, antenna elements in each module are usually arranged regularly in a rectangle, and the antenna spacing is slightly larger than half a wavelength (depending on the required grating lobe-free scanning angle). The AiP sub-arrays are adopted to form a larger-scale phased array, which is generally arranged regularly in a rectangular manner, fig. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a front surface of the phased array antenna constructed by the 4-array element AiP provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the phased array antenna is a rectangular arrangement array of the 4-array element AiP, fig. 3 is a simulation directional diagram of the phased array antenna constructed by the 4-array element AiP provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the side lobe suppression level of the phased array antenna is about 13 dB. The invention mainly aims to provide a group array mode which is based on a sub-array AiP and has better side lobe suppression capability.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a wavefront example of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in the prior art, if there is a higher requirement for sidelobe suppression, the phased array antenna configured in the corner cut array manner shown in fig. 4 may be used to improve sidelobe suppression capability. If the sidelobe suppression capability still does not meet the requirement, antenna synthesis can be carried out according to the index, and the sidelobe is suppressed to the required level by adopting an amplitude weighting mode. Amplitude weighting is generally implemented by using a digitally controlled attenuator inside the TR, which is a commonly used beamforming approach for receiving phased arrays.
For a transmitting phased array, because precious transmitting power is not expected to be lost, side lobes can be suppressed by optimizing the mode of antenna sparse distribution, fig. 5 is an array surface example diagram of the phased array antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 5, the mode not only can suppress the side lobes, but also can reduce the hardware cost of the phased array by reducing channels, and the sub-array can be placed in a regular grid like fig. 5, and can also be randomly placed by optimizing.
Although the arrangement mode shown in fig. 5 has the advantage of not wasting any TR channel, the sub-array can only be thinned, instead of any thinning for each antenna, which results in that the optimization effect cannot reach the optimum, and the optimization target is difficult to reach for the scenario with high side lobe requirement.
Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention provides an irregular antenna subarray, where the irregular antenna subarray includes: a plurality of antenna elements.
The antenna units are arranged in a matrix form, each row and each column of the matrix comprise at least two antenna units, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is equal.
The array plane is also provided with at least one radio frequency interface, each radio frequency interface corresponds to an antenna combination, the antenna combination is composed of any four adjacent antenna units which are arranged in a matrix form, the radio frequency interface is positioned at the central point of the four adjacent antenna units which are arranged in the matrix form in the corresponding antenna combination, the distances from the radio frequency interface to the four adjacent antenna units which are arranged in the matrix form are equal, and the radio frequency interface is connected with any one antenna unit in the four adjacent antenna units which are arranged in the matrix form; and for any antenna unit, the antenna unit is connected with at most one radio frequency interface, and the antenna unit at least belongs to one target antenna combination, and the target antenna combination is an antenna combination with a corresponding radio frequency interface.
In the present embodiment, the following specific implementation example is only used to explain the construction principle of the irregular antenna subarray, and the irregular antenna subarray is not limited. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a type of irregular antenna subarray according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 shows 5 types of the 4-out-of-9 irregular antenna subarrays, the irregular antenna subarray comprises 9 antenna units, wherein the 9 antenna units comprise 4 active antenna units (the active antenna units are antenna units connected with a radio frequency interface) and 5 parasitic antenna units (the parasitic antenna units are antenna units not connected with the radio frequency interface, namely, the passive antenna units are shown in blank grids in fig. 6), when the irregular antenna subarray is actually designed, the passive antenna units can exist in the form of the parasitic antenna units, or the active antennas can be directly removed, only the active antennas are reserved), the 9 antenna units are arranged in a matrix form, each row and each column of the matrix comprise 3 antenna units, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is equal. The antenna unit is characterized in that 4 radio frequency interfaces are arranged on the matrix plane, each radio frequency interface corresponds to an antenna combination formed by any 4 adjacent antenna units arranged in a matrix form, the radio frequency interfaces are positioned at the central points of the 4 adjacent antenna units arranged in the corresponding antenna combination in the matrix form, the distances from the radio frequency interfaces to the 4 adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form are equal, and the radio frequency interfaces are connected with any one of the 4 adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the radio frequency interface in the irregular antenna sub-array meets the condition of equal phase to its four adjacent antenna units arranged in a matrix form, it is defined that the distances between any two adjacent antenna units in the irregular antenna sub-array are equal, and further, under the constraint condition of equal phase, a variety of irregular antenna sub-arrays can be derived. The phased array antenna composed of the multiple irregular antenna sub-arrays can realize sparse distribution of the phased array antenna by taking the sub-arrays as units, and can also realize sparse distribution of the phased array antenna by taking the antenna units as units, thereby effectively improving the degree of freedom of optimization of the antenna units and the sidelobe suppression capability.
The embodiment of the invention provides an irregular antenna subarray, which comprises a plurality of antenna units; the antenna units are arranged in a matrix form, each row and each column of the matrix comprise at least two antenna units, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is equal; the array plane is also provided with at least one radio frequency interface, each radio frequency interface corresponds to an antenna combination, the antenna combination is composed of any four adjacent antenna units which are arranged in a matrix form, the radio frequency interface is positioned at the central point of the four adjacent antenna units which are arranged in the matrix form in the corresponding antenna combination, the distances from the radio frequency interface to the four adjacent antenna units which are arranged in the matrix form are equal, and the radio frequency interface is connected with any one antenna unit in the four adjacent antenna units which are arranged in the matrix form; and for any antenna unit, the antenna unit is connected with at most one radio frequency interface, and the antenna unit at least belongs to one target antenna combination, and the target antenna combination is an antenna combination with a corresponding radio frequency interface. The phased array antenna composed of the irregular antenna subarrays provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the sparse distribution of the phased array antenna by taking the subarrays as units, and meanwhile, the sparse distribution of the phased array antenna by taking the antenna as a unit can be realized, so that the degree of freedom of the optimization of the antenna unit can be improved, and the side lobe suppression level can be effectively improved.
The embodiment of the invention provides a phased array antenna which is composed of a plurality of basic regular antenna sub-arrays and a plurality of irregular antenna sub-arrays.
The antenna array comprises a basic regular antenna subarray, a plurality of antenna units and a plurality of antenna units, wherein the antenna units are arranged in a matrix form, and each antenna unit is correspondingly connected with a radio frequency interface; the plurality of basic regular antenna sub-arrays are fully distributed in the middle of the array surface of the phased array antenna, and the plurality of irregular antenna sub-arrays are sparsely distributed at the edge of the array surface of the phased array antenna.
In the present embodiment, the following specific implementation example is only used to explain the array layout principle of the phased array antenna, and the phased array antenna is not limited thereto. Fig. 7 is an illustration of an array surface example of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a simulated directional diagram of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 7 and fig. 8 together, according to an antenna synthesis principle, amplitude weighting distribution with low side lobes has characteristics of reduced center attenuation and large edge attenuation, and based on this, the following phased array antenna arrangement concept is designed: the method comprises the following steps of fully arranging a plurality of basic regular antenna sub-arrays in the middle of a phased array antenna array, sparsely arranging a plurality of irregular antenna sub-arrays at the edge position of the phased array antenna array, and specifically obtaining the arrangement positions of the sub-arrays of the plurality of irregular antenna sub-arrays and the positions of antenna units connected with a radio frequency interface in the irregular antenna sub-arrays through algorithm optimization. The optimization algorithm may be a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm, or other optimization algorithms, which is not limited in this application.
As shown in fig. 7, the phased array antenna shown in fig. 7 is merely used as an example, and the composition of the phased array antenna is not limited. If a rectangular plane coordinate system is established with the center of the array surface of the phased array antenna shown in fig. 7 as the origin, the phased array antenna is divided into four quadrants, and the arrangement positions of the sub-arrays in the four quadrants are in mirror symmetry distribution, that is, the partial phased array antenna included in the first quadrant and the partial phased array antenna included in the second quadrant are in mirror symmetry with respect to the Y axis, the partial phased array antenna included in the first quadrant and the partial phased array antenna included in the fourth quadrant are in mirror symmetry with respect to the X axis, and the partial phased array antenna included in the first quadrant and the partial phased array antenna included in the third quadrant are in center symmetry with respect to the origin. There is no overlap between the various sub-arrays in a phased array antenna. In view of the problem of reducing the complexity of the phased array antenna array layout process, the position and the type of the subarray in only one quadrant (for example, the first quadrant) of the four quadrants are often optimized, so that the computational complexity of the algorithm is effectively reduced. However, when actually designing a phased array antenna, in order to ensure that the sidelobe suppression capability of the phased array antenna is effectively improved, the phased array antenna array may be arranged by directly optimizing each sub-array position and sub-array type in the whole phased array antenna array.
In the embodiment, the phased array antenna is sparsely distributed by taking the subarrays as a unit, so that the sidelobe suppression level is effectively improved while the hardware cost of the phased array antenna is reduced by reducing the number of the subarrays, and the optimized phased array antenna has better sidelobe suppression capability.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the phased-array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a distance between any two adjacent antenna units in the irregular antenna sub-array is the same as a distance between any two adjacent antenna units in the basic regular antenna sub-array.
In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the phased array antenna in fig. 7 is taken as an example only, and is not limited thereto. The phased array antenna in fig. 7 is formed by combining a plurality of 9-to-4 irregular antenna sub-arrays and a plurality of basic regular antenna sub-arrays, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements in the 9-to-4 irregular antenna sub-arrays is equal to the distance between any two antenna elements in the basic regular antenna sub-arrays. Typically, the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements in the irregular antenna sub-array and the distance between any two antenna elements in the substantially regular antenna sub-array is between 0.5 λ and 0.7 λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the phased array antenna.
Taking the phased array antenna in fig. 7 applied to a phased array system radar as an example, in the phased array system radar, one end of the T/R component is connected to the antenna, and the other end is connected to the intermediate frequency processing unit to form a wireless transceiver system, and the wireless transceiver system has the functions of amplifying, phase shifting and attenuating signals. In the phased array antenna shown in fig. 7, the phased array antenna is composed of a basic regular antenna sub-array and a 9-by-4 irregular antenna sub-array, the basic regular antenna sub-array is a 2 × 2 sub-array formed by arranging 4 antenna units in a matrix form, and the 9-by-4 irregular antenna sub-array is a 3 × 3 sub-array formed by arranging 9 antenna units in a matrix form. The 4-out-of-9 irregular antenna subarray and the basic regular antenna subarray can use the same T/R component, and the distances between the radio frequency interfaces on the T/R component and the corresponding antenna units are equal. Further, when the phased array antenna is actually designed, the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements in the irregular antenna sub-array may be different from the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements in the basic regular antenna sub-array. In the practical design process of the phased array antenna, the selection of the distance between any two adjacent antenna units in each sub-array is related to the size of the antenna units, the lobe width of an array radiation directional diagram and other factors, therefore, under the condition of meeting the requirement of effectively improving the sidelobe suppression capability of the phased array antenna, for the two types of sub-arrays of the irregular antenna sub-array and the basic regular antenna sub-array in each phased array antenna array, the distance between any two adjacent antenna units in the irregular antenna sub-array can be different from the distance between any two adjacent antenna units in the basic regular antenna sub-array, and the requirement of equal phase can be met as long as the distances of four adjacent antenna units arranged in a matrix form in the antenna combination corresponding to the radio frequency interface of the same type of sub-array are ensured to be equal.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the phased array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the radio frequency interfaces of the irregular antenna sub-array is the same as that of the basic regular antenna sub-array.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, for the phased array antenna, the number of the radio frequency interfaces of the 4-out-of-9 irregular antenna sub-array is the same as that of the basic regular antenna sub-array. Further, when the phased array antenna is actually designed, the number of the radio frequency interfaces of the irregular antenna sub-array and the basic regular antenna sub-array in the phased array antenna can be different. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a class of irregular antenna subarrays according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 9 shows 4 types of 6-to-4 irregular antenna subarrays, where the number of radio frequency interfaces of the irregular antenna subarrays is 2. Taking the 6-to-4 irregular antenna subarrays and the basic regular antenna subarrays shown in fig. 9 as an example to construct the phased array antenna, the multiple basic regular antenna subarrays are fully arranged in the middle of the phased array antenna array, the multiple 6-to-4 irregular antenna subarrays are sparsely arranged in the edge position of the phased array antenna array, and specifically, the arrangement positions of the multiple 6-to-4 irregular antenna subarrays and the positions of antenna units connected with the radio frequency interface in the 6-to-4 irregular antenna subarrays are obtained through algorithm optimization. The optimization algorithm may be a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm, or other optimization algorithms, which is not limited in this application. In the phased array antenna, the number of radio frequency interfaces in the two types of sub-arrays used is different.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the phased array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the irregular antenna sub-array is divided into different types according to different antenna units connected to each radio frequency interface in the irregular antenna sub-array.
The type of the irregular antenna sub-array in the phased array antenna does not exceed a preset value.
In this embodiment, taking the 4-from-9 irregular antenna sub-array shown in fig. 6 as an example, antenna units connected to each radio frequency interface in the 4-from-9 irregular antenna sub-array are different, and the formed irregular antenna sub-array is also different, and in order to ensure that each radio frequency interface in each irregular antenna sub-array of the phased array antenna is connected to four corresponding adjacent antenna units arranged in a matrix form, and meet the condition of equal phase, a constraint condition that positions of antenna units to be connected to 4 radio frequency interfaces in the 4-from-9 irregular antenna sub-array do not allow the outermost row or the outermost row of three antenna units to be simultaneously selected and connected is set. On the basis, the type of the selectable 9-to-4 irregular antenna subarrays is C 9 4 And (4) 122 types, further, in order to reduce the process complexity and the manufacturing cost, the types of the 4-out-of-9 irregular antenna subarrays are generally selected to be not more than 5. Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of a type of irregular antenna subarrays provided by an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of a type of irregular antenna subarrays provided by an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 9 and fig. 10 together, a plurality of examples of 2-out-of-6 irregular antenna subarrays in fig. 9, and a plurality of examples of 4-out-of-16 irregular antenna subarrays in fig. 10.
In this embodiment, in order to further improve the sidelobe suppression capability of the phased array antenna, the irregular antenna sub-array is divided into different types according to different antenna units connected to each radio frequency interface in the irregular antenna sub-array, and each type of irregular antenna sub-array can realize sparse distribution of the phased array antenna by using each antenna unit as a unit, so that the degree of freedom of antenna optimization is effectively improved, and the sidelobe suppression capability of the phased array antenna is also effectively improved.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the phased array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the basic regular antenna sub-array is a 2 × 2 sub-array formed by arranging 4 antenna units in a matrix form, and the irregular antenna sub-array is a 3 × 3 sub-array formed by arranging 9 antenna units in a matrix form.
Referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the basic regular antenna sub-array is a 2 × 2 sub-array formed by 4 antenna units arranged in a matrix form, and the 9-to-4 irregular antenna sub-array is a 3 × 3 sub-array formed by 9 antenna units arranged in a matrix form.
Optionally, referring to fig. 7, as a specific implementation manner of the phased array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, the number of the 9-to-4 irregular antenna sub-arrays in the phased array antenna is 48, and the number of the basic regular antenna sub-arrays is 72. The phased array antenna is a low side lobe sparse array with the size of 480 units.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for designing a phased array antenna, which is used to generate the phased array antenna as described above or in any one of the above possible implementation manners.
The method comprises the following steps:
and searching the optimal value of each optimized variable through an optimization algorithm by taking the position of the basic regular antenna subarray, the position of the irregular antenna subarray and the position of an antenna unit connected with the radio frequency interface in each irregular antenna subarray in the phased array antenna as optimized variables to obtain the phased array antenna.
In this embodiment, fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a method for designing a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and refer to fig. 7 and 11 together. In this embodiment, a subarray level hybrid layout genetic algorithm under multiple constraints is provided to design a phased array antenna, and by taking constructing the phased array antenna shown in fig. 7 as an example, a subarray type of the phased array antenna in fig. 7 includes phased array antennas of basic regular antenna subarrays and irregular antenna subarrays, and in consideration of symmetry of an array radiation pattern in space, when designing the phased array antenna, a planar rectangular coordinate system is constructed with a center of the phased array antenna as an origin, the phased array antenna is evenly divided into four quadrants, a whole array plane is in a four-quadrant mirror symmetry distribution structure, and a problem of reducing complexity of a phased array antenna array layout process is also considered, so that only a subarray position and a subarray type in one quadrant (for example, a first quadrant) of the four quadrants are optimized, and thus, computation complexity is also effectively reduced. As shown in fig. 7, the middle positions of the phased array antennas are fully distributed by 2 × 2 sub-arrays, the edge positions of the phased array antennas are sparsely distributed by 4-out-of-9 irregular antenna sub-arrays, and the optimal values of the optimized variables are found by using the positions of the 2 × 2 sub-arrays in the phased array antennas, the sparse positions of the 4-out-of-9 irregular antenna sub-arrays, and the selected positions of the antenna units connected with the radio frequency interface in each 4-out-of-9 irregular antenna sub-array as optimized variables through a genetic algorithm, so as to obtain the phased array antennas. Further, the optimization algorithm may also be a particle swarm algorithm or other optimization algorithms, which is not limited in this application.
In this embodiment, through genetic operations such as selection, crossing, and mutation under multiple constraints, the position of a 2 × 2 sub-array in the phased array antenna, the sparse position of a 9-out-of-4 irregular antenna sub-array, and the selected position of an antenna unit connected to a radio frequency interface in each 9-out-of-4 irregular antenna sub-array are optimized, so as to obtain an optimized optimal phased array antenna. Referring to fig. 8, a normalized directional diagram of the optimal phased array antenna is obtained through simulation, and it can be obtained from the diagram that the sidelobe level of the optimal phased array antenna reaches-24.5 dB, and the sidelobe suppression capability of the phased array antenna is effectively improved.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the design method of the phased array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm, and finding the optimal value of each optimization variable through the genetic algorithm includes:
setting parameters of a genetic algorithm and generating an initial population; each individual in the initial population is a group of optimized variables, and each group of optimized variables comprises the position of a basic regular antenna subarray, the position of an irregular antenna subarray and the position of an antenna unit connected with a radio frequency interface in each irregular antenna subarray.
And calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual, and determining the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value.
And (4) selecting, crossing and mutating individuals in the initial population to generate a new population.
And calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual in the new population, updating the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value, and continuously iterating until the maximum iteration times is reached.
And determining the optimal value of each optimization variable according to the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the design method of the phased array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a formula for calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual in the new population is as follows:
y＝abs(MSLL)
wherein y is the formula for calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual in the new population, abs represents an absolute value function, MSLL is the maximum sidelobe level of the elevation projection pattern, and S represents θ ═ θ 0 、
Sidelobes of time-elevation projection patternInterval psi 0 Denotes half the width of the main lobe, F theta (theta) is the elevation projection pattern function of the phased array antenna array,
as a function of the directional pattern of the phased array antenna array, N 1 、N 2 Respectively representing the number of substantially regular and irregular sub-arrays of antennas in a phased array antenna, d xi 、d yi Respectively representing the abscissa and ordinate of each antenna unit when a planar rectangular coordinate system is established with the center of the phased array antenna array surface as the origin,
representing the element field, j is the unit of the imaginary part of the complex number, k is the wave number corresponding to the working frequency of the phased array antenna,
representing the beam pointing angle.
In this embodiment, taking the phased array antenna shown in fig. 7 as an example, and taking the center of the array surface of the phased array antenna as an origin to establish a planar rectangular coordinate system XOY, the directional pattern function of the phased array antenna array is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as a function of the directional pattern of the phased array antenna array, N 1 、N 2 Respectively representing the number of substantially regular and irregular sub-arrays of antennas in a phased array antenna, d xi 、d yi Respectively representing the abscissa and ordinate of each antenna unit when a planar rectangular coordinate system is established with the center of the phased array antenna array surface as the origin,
representing the element field, j is the unit of the imaginary part of the complex number, k is the wave number corresponding to the working frequency of the phased array antenna,
representing the beam pointing angle. According to the definition of Maximum Side Lobe Level (MSLL), in order to ensure omnidirectional low side lobe of a directional diagram in a radiation space, a fitness function is taken as the maximum side lobe level MSLL of a pitching projection directional diagram:
wherein, F theta (theta) is a projection directional diagram function of the pitching direction of the phased array antenna array surface, max is a maximum value solving function, and S is theta-theta 0 、
The side lobe interval of the time elevation direction projection directional diagram and the main lobe zero power point of the time elevation direction projection directional diagram are 2 psi 0 Then, then
The optimization objective is set as: max (abs (MSLL)), where abs represents an absolute value function. The whole array layout of the optimal sparse array obtained through genetic operations such as selection, crossing, mutation and the like under multiple constraint conditions is shown in figure 7, the middle part of the phased array antenna array adopts a 2 x 2 sub-array full array layout, the edge position adopts 5 3 x 3 sub-array sparse arrays, the simulation directional diagram of the phased array antenna is shown in figure 8, the side lobe level of the phased array antenna reaches-24.5 dB, and the side lobe of the phased array antenna array is greatly reduced.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An irregular antenna subarray comprising:
a plurality of antenna elements;
the antenna units are arranged in a matrix form, each row and each column of the matrix comprise at least two antenna units, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is equal;
the antenna combination is composed of any four adjacent antenna units arranged in a matrix form, the radio frequency interface is positioned at the central point of the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form in the corresponding antenna combination, the distances from the radio frequency interface to the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form are equal, and the radio frequency interface is connected with any one of the four adjacent antenna units arranged in the matrix form; and for any antenna unit, the antenna unit is connected with at most one radio frequency interface, and the antenna unit at least belongs to one target antenna combination, and the target antenna combination is an antenna combination with a corresponding radio frequency interface.
2. A phased array antenna, characterized in that it is composed of a plurality of substantially regular antenna sub-arrays and a plurality of irregular antenna sub-arrays according to claim 1;
the basic regular antenna subarray comprises a plurality of antenna units which are arranged in a matrix form, and each antenna unit is correspondingly connected with a radio frequency interface; the plurality of the basic regular antenna sub-arrays are fully distributed at the middle position of the phased array antenna array surface, and the plurality of the irregular antenna sub-arrays are sparsely distributed at the edge position of the phased array antenna array surface.
3. The phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein a spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the non-regular antenna sub-array is the same as a spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the substantially regular antenna sub-array.
4. The phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein the number of radio frequency interfaces of the irregular antenna sub-array and the substantially regular antenna sub-array is the same.
5. The phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein the irregular antenna sub-array is divided into different categories based on antenna elements connected to respective radio frequency interfaces in the irregular antenna sub-array;
the type of the irregular antenna subarrays in the phased array antenna does not exceed a preset value.
6. The phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein said substantially regular antenna sub-array is a 2 x 2 sub-array formed by 4 antenna elements arranged in a matrix, and said irregular antenna sub-array is a 3 x 3 sub-array formed by 9 antenna elements arranged in a matrix.
7. The phased array antenna of claim 6, wherein the number of said non-regular antenna sub-arrays is 48 and the number of said substantially regular antenna sub-arrays is 72.
8. A method of designing a phased array antenna, the method being used to produce a phased array antenna according to any of claims 2 to 7;
the method comprises the following steps:
and searching the optimal value of each optimized variable through an optimization algorithm by taking the position of a basic regular antenna sub-array, the position of an irregular antenna sub-array and the position of an antenna unit connected with a radio frequency interface in each irregular antenna sub-array in the phased array antenna as optimized variables to obtain the phased array antenna.
9. The method of designing a phased array antenna of claim 8, wherein said optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm, whereby finding the optimal value for each of said optimization variables comprises:
setting parameters of a genetic algorithm and generating an initial population; each individual in the initial population is a group of optimized variables, and each group of optimized variables comprises the position of a basic regular antenna subarray, the position of an irregular antenna subarray and the position of an antenna unit connected with a radio frequency interface in each irregular antenna subarray;
calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual, and determining the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value;
selecting, crossing and mutating individuals in the initial population to generate a new population;
calculating the fitness value corresponding to each individual in the new population, updating the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value, and continuously iterating until the maximum iteration times is reached;
and determining the optimal value of each optimization variable according to the individual corresponding to the maximum fitness value.
10. The method of designing a phased array antenna of claim 9, wherein said formula for calculating a fitness value for each individual in said new population is:
y＝abs(MSLL)
wherein y is the calculation of the newAbs represents an absolute value function, MSLL is a maximum side lobe level of a pitch projection pattern, and S represents θ ═ θ 0 、
Side lobe interval of time-elevation projection directional diagram, psi 0 Denotes half the width of the main lobe, F theta (theta) is the elevation projection pattern function of the phased array antenna array,
as a function of the directional pattern of the phased array antenna array, N 1 、N 2 Respectively representing the number of substantially regular antenna sub-arrays and the number of non-regular antenna sub-arrays in a phased array antenna,
respectively representing the abscissa and ordinate of each antenna unit when a planar rectangular coordinate system is established with the center of the phased array antenna array surface as the origin,
representing the element field, j is the unit of the imaginary part of the complex number, k is the wave number corresponding to the working frequency of the phased array antenna,
representing the beam pointing angle.
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| CN117113459B (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2024-01-05 | 成都睿沿芯创科技有限公司 | Sidelobe optimization method and device of antenna array and electronic equipment |
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