CN106096160A - The axle of large-angle scanning rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna compares optimization method - Google Patents
The axle of large-angle scanning rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna compares optimization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes the axle of a kind of large-angle scanning rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna than optimization method, utilizes the present invention can significantly improve the axle ratio rotating circularly polarization microstrip array antenna under large-angle scanning state, it is possible to realize higher antenna gain and back lobe level.The technical scheme is that: in simulation software HFSS, set up array antenna phantom；Under large-angle scanning state, array antenna is carried out simulation calculation, for arbitrary beam position, utilize VBscript program to preserve the orthogonal electric field data of each array element in output each unit；Then, it is a computing unit with 2 × 2 submatrixs, based on array element electric field data, is utilized respectively MATLAB program calculates each unit and meet the excitation amplitude and excitation phase that in unit, each array element is actually required under the conditions of circular polarisation；The emulation data processing module of HFSS is loaded directly into MATLAB and preserves the actually required excitation amplitude of each unit of output and excitation phase re-starts simulation calculation, it is achieved axle is than optimizing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about rotational circle polarization micro-strip array with circularly polarization microstrip patch as array element under large-angle scanning state
The axle of antenna compares optimization method.
Background technology
Along with science and technology and the development of society, more and more higher to the performance requirement of antenna, modern wireless
In application system, common linear polarized antenna is difficult to meet the demand of people, and the application of circular polarized antenna is more and more extensive.Circle
The advantage of polarization micro-strip antenna is: be able to receive that any type of polarized electromagnetic wave, and the connecing of any one polarization
Receive antenna and can receive the circularly polarised wave of its good fortune injection.This excellent interference free performance of circular polarized antenna makes it in millimere-wave band
Radio communication occupies very important effect.The ultimate principle realizing circular polarized antenna is: produce two the most orthogonal
Linear polarization electric field component, the two amplitude is equal, phase 90 degree.For circular polarized antenna, axle ratio is that it is most important
One of characterisitic parameter.Antenna axial ratio is the important indicator affecting circular polarized antenna polarization mismatch, and excellent axle ratio can reduce
The polarization mismatch of antenna is to reduce the power attenuation of whole system, thus reduces antenna array demand in turn, reduces whole system
The volume weight of system.The most excellent axle ratio characteristic, is the emphasis of circular polarized antenna design.
By rotating clockwise or counter-clockwise microband paste unit, and successively according to etc. 90 ° of phase contrast cloth be micro-strip mutually
Antenna obtains the common type of circular polarisation.Microstrip antenna be on the dielectric substrate with conductor earth plate patch add conductor sheet and
The antenna of row, has encouraged radio frequency electromagnetic field between conductor patch and earth plate, and by between paster surrounding and earth plate
Gap is to external radiation.This antenna form is structured the formation due to its rotation, greatly reduces the cross polarization level of paster, makes front in method
Index is compared, it is possible to achieve the widest axial ratio bandwidth to possessing excellent axle.But this antenna form is when being applied to phased array, along with
Beam scanning angle is gradually deviated from front normal direction, and the axle ratio of antenna can run down.Circular polarized antenna axle is that antenna is handed over than react
Fork polarization ratio, antenna cross-polarization is the least, and axle ratio is the least.When beam scanning, cross polarization increases, and causes array antenna axle ratio
Deteriorate.It addition, when the array element of rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna uses linear polarization microband paste, sky under large-angle scanning state
Line gain rapid drawdown, back lobe level increases.Disadvantages described above makes the application of rotated versions circularly polarization microstrip array antenna be confined to fix
Beam array antenna, it is impossible to apply in phased array field.
Improve the axle ratio rotating circularly polarization microstrip array antenna under large-angle scanning state, need to suppress in array radiation electric field
Cross polarization, reduces the deterioration of its countershaft ratio as far as possible.The radiated electric field directional diagram of array antenna meets directional diagram product theorem: appoint
The far field radiation pattern of antenna array what is made up of identical array element be all the array element factor (Element Factor, EF) and battle array because of
The product of son (Array Factor, AF).AF depends on geometry arrangement, array element distance and the excitation amplitude of each array element of array element
And excitation phase, unrelated with the geometry of array element.Therefore, when array format is fixed, array element excitation can be adjusted and change battle array
Main polarization and the cross polarization electric field of array antenna, therefore can revise array element excitation by the array element electric field of Theoretical Calculation in principle,
The cross polarization improving array antenna realizes the axle to array antenna than optimization.But can produce between each unit after antenna array mutually
Coupling, mutual coupling effect will cause utilizing the Theoretical Calculation of said method to become abnormal loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
In order to expand the application in phased array field of the rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna, the present invention is directed to prior art and deposit
Weak point, it is provided that a kind of time cost is low, axle ratio characteristic excellent, possesses more excellent gain and back lobe level, it is possible to
Significantly improve the optimization method rotating array antenna axle ratio under large-angle scanning state.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be reached by following measures, a kind of large-angle scanning rotational circle polarization micro-strip array
The axle of antenna compares optimization method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:, in three-dimensional artificial software HFSS, to set up micro-with circular polarisation
With the rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna phantom that paster is array element, point to for antenna different beams, utilize MATLAB
Automatic Program calculates excitation phase needed for each array element, and MATLAB program preserves the result of calculation of output by the emulation data of HFSS
Reason module Edit Source is loaded directly in phantom and carries out simulation calculation, and calculates the width of output according to phantom
Under angle sweep state, array antenna axle compares simulation result, it is judged that whether antenna axial ratio meets requirement, no, then utilize VBscript journey
Sequence extracts each array element far field electric field in two orthogonal coordinates directions of θ, φ in three-dimensional ball coordinate system in the case of different beams points to
Data, and when extracting electric field data, the excitation phase of each array element only comprises beam scanning required compensation phase place；Then, according to battle array
Array antenna is divided into several 2 × 2 submatrixs by array antenna distribution, is a computing unit with 2 × 2 submatrixs, utilizes MATLAB
In program reading each unit, the orthogonal electric field data of each array element, calculate each unit based on array element electric field data respectively and meet circle
Excitation amplitude that in polarization condition lower unit, each array element is actually required and excitation phase；The emulation data processing module Edit of HFSS
Source is loaded directly into MATLAB and preserves the actually required excitation amplitude of each unit of output and excitation phase re-starts emulation
Calculate, can realize the axle ratio of wide angle scanning circularly polarization microstrip array antenna is optimized.
The present invention has the advantages that compared to prior art.
Time cost is low.The present invention, in HFSS simulation software, sets up the rotational circle with circularly polarization microstrip patch as array element
Polarization array antenna phantom, after setting up model, simulation calculation, during axle is than optimizing, refers to for antenna different beams
To, utilize the far field orthogonal electric field data of array element in VBscript Automatic Program extraction model, the array element electricity that different beams points to
Field data has only to change the correlative code of VBscript program, is not required to, to model double counting, optimize and calculate by MATLAB journey
Sequence completes, and MATLAB program calculated each array element excitation amplitude and excitation phase can be by the emulation moulds in HFSS simulation software
Type is loaded directly into calculating, and the axle ratio that can realize wide angle scanning array antenna optimizes, and whole Optimization Work is complete by Automatic Program
Become, save the calculating time.
Axle ratio characteristic is excellent.The present invention is directed to arbitrary beam position, the axle of the array antenna of MATLAB program is than optimization side
Method is the most applicable, and the electric field data that VBscript program is extracted in simulation software HFSS is the compensation phase needed for particular beam is pointed to
Array element electric field data under the excitation of position, has taken into full account mutual coupling existing between elements impact, and has considered beam position angle and wave beam
The excitation phase impact on array element electric field in the case of sensing, the data of extraction are more targeted, make to the present invention is directed to different scanning
The axle of angle is more more significantly than effect of optimization.
There is more excellent gain and back lobe level.The emulation data processing module Edit of HFSS simulation software of the present invention
Source is loaded directly into MATLAB program and preserves the actually required excitation amplitude of each unit of output and excitation phase re-starts
Simulation calculation, is applied to the rotational circle polarization micro-strip battle array with circularly polarization microstrip patch as array element by large-angle scanning axle than optimized algorithm
Array antenna, can significantly improve large-angle scanning status array antenna axial ratio, still can realize axle ratio under large-angle scanning state
Notable optimization, and the gain of antenna can obtain a certain degree of raising, and back lobe level is improved, it is achieved thereby that rotate
Array antenna possesses excellent axle ratio and possesses preferable gain and back lobe level when large-angle scanning.Overcome linear polarization microstrip array
In the case of unit during large-angle scanning, antenna gain rapid drawdown, it may appear that the defect of bigger back lobe.
Engineer applied is wider.2 × 2 submatrixs in array are carried out respectively by MATLAB of the present invention with identical optimization method
Optimize, do not limited by array scale；When different beams points to, optimized algorithm is identical, it is only necessary in the case of extracting particular beam sensing
Array element electric field data, is not limited by scanning angle；With circularly polarization microstrip patch replacement linear polarization microband paste as array element, can
Realizing the notable optimization of countershaft ratio, possess again higher antenna gain and minor level, engineer applied is wider, Practical
More property is strong.
The present invention is applicable to be rotated the circularly polarization microstrip array antenna formed, the most on a large scale by circularly polarization microstrip patch
Axle ratio in the case of the wide angle scanning of array antenna optimizes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Understand the present invention in order to clearer, now referring concurrently to accompanying drawing, will be described this by embodiment of the present invention
Bright, wherein:
Fig. 1 is that the axle of rotational circle polarization array antenna of the present invention is than Optimizing Flow figure.
Fig. 2 is the present invention 2 × 2 submatrix antenna phantom schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Refering to Fig. 1.According to the present invention, circularly polarization microstrip patch rotates the circularly polarization microstrip array antenna design of composition to be completed
After, in HFSS simulation software, first set up the rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna emulation with circularly polarization microstrip patch as array element
Model, points to for antenna different beams, utilizes MATLAB Automatic Program to calculate excitation phase needed for each array element, and MATLAB preserves
The result of calculation of output is loaded directly into emulation mould by the emulation data processing module Edit Source of three-dimensional artificial software HFSS
Type carries out simulation calculation, and according to array antenna axle under the large-angle scanning state of phantom calculating output than simulation result,
Judging whether antenna axial ratio meets requirement, no, then in the case of utilizing VBscript Program extraction different beams to point to, each array element exists
The far field electric field data in two orthogonal coordinates directions of θ, φ of three-dimensional ball coordinate system, and when extracting electric field data, swashing of each array element
Encourage phase place and only comprise beam scanning required compensation phase place；Then, according to array antenna distribution array antenna is divided into several 2
× 2 submatrixs, are a computing unit with 2 × 2 submatrixs, utilize MATLAB program to read the orthogonal electric field number of each array element in each unit
According to, based on array element electric field data, calculate each unit respectively meet actually required the swashing of each array element in unit under the conditions of circular polarisation
Encourage amplitude and excitation phase；The emulation data processing module Edit Source of HFSS simulation software is loaded directly into MATLAB and preserves
The actually required excitation amplitude of each unit of output and excitation phase re-start simulation calculation, can realize scanning wide angle
The axle of circularly polarization microstrip array antenna is than optimizing.
Each array element θ in the case of utilizing VBscript to extract this beam position, the far field electric field data of two orthogonal directions of φ,
When extracting electric field data, the excitation phase of each array element only comprises the compensation phase place met required for beam position, now corresponding battle array
The excitation amplitude of unit is 1w, and the excitation amplitude of remaining array element is 0w.
2 × 2 submatrixs a certain specified beams scanning angle θ in three-dimensional ball coordinate system after optimization0,Time θ,Two orthogonal
The total electric field in direction meets circular polarisation condition: the linear polarization electric field amplitude of one group of orthogonal direction is identical, phase 90 °, i.e.
Above formula is left-hand circular polarization situation, in formula, a1,a2,a3,a4It is respectively the excitation of four unit in 2 × 2 submatrixs after optimizing, It is respectively four unit at θ0,The electric field data in θ direction during beam position,Point
It is not that four unit are at θ0,During beam positionThe electric field data in direction,It is that 2 × 2 submatrixs are at θ0,Beam position
Time θ,The electric field resultant field in direction.
When array antenna carries out beam scanning, the beam scanning needed for each array element compensates phase placeCount according to formula (2)
Calculate
In formula, k=2* π/λ, λ is wavelength, dx、dyBeing respectively the aerial array array element distance in x, y direction, m, n are i-th battle array
The spacing number of unit's distance phase zero point array element, θ0、φ0For the beam-scanning angles specified.Utilize MATLAB program to calculate to specify
Beam-scanning angles θ0、φ0In the case of, the beam scanning that each array element needs compensates phase place and saves as csv formatted file,
The emulation data processing module Edit Source of HFSS software loads this .csv file, this beam position is carried out model and imitates
True calculating.After model emulation calculates, utilize each array element of VBscript Program extraction at θ0, φ0Beam scanning is only had during beam position
Compensate phase placeFar field electric field data the preservation of two orthogonal directions of θ in the case of excitation, φ are output as .csv form；?
When VBscript extracts array element electric field data, the excitation amplitude of corresponding array element is 1w, and the excitation amplitude of remaining array element is 0w.?
MATLAB reads VBscript and preserves the array element electric field data of output, with 2 × 2 submatrixs as computing unit, with array element electric field number
Excitation amplitude and excitation that when each unit meets circular polarisation condition, in unit, each array element is actually required is calculated respectively based on according to
Phase place, and result of calculation is saved as .csv form, finally at the emulation data processing module Edit of HFSS simulation software
In Source, the excited data of loaded and optimized array element later re-starts calculating.Each 2 × 2 submatrix cross polarizations recalculated
All improved, the final cross polarization ratio improving whole aerial array, it is achieved the axle of array antenna ratio optimizes.
The operation principle of the present invention is: on one group of orthogonal direction, amplitude linear polarization electromagnetic field identical, phase 90 ° can
To synthesize preferable electromagnetic wave of circle polarization, the circular polarisation battle array constituted is rotated for linear polarization microband paste and circularly polarization microstrip patch
This principle of array antenna is the most applicable, and the latter possesses more excellent gain and minor level, therefore present invention choosing in large-angle scanning state
With circularly polarization microstrip patch as array element.
Refering to Fig. 2.In 2 × 2 array antennas, the excitation of four circularly-polarized patch unit is respectively a1、a2、a3、a4, four are swashed
Encourage and be plural number, comprise excitation amplitude and excitation phase.Now, array antenna electric field on two orthogonal directions of θ, φ is respectively
For:
Wherein,Be No. 1 array element excitation amplitude be 1w, excitation phase be beam scanning needed for compensate
At the far field electric field of two orthogonal directions of θ, φ during phase place, in formula, the definition of other electric field duplicates.In array, antenna element is phase
Rotating arrangement with array element, calculate for simplifying, present invention assumes that in four circularly-polarized patch unit of 2 × 2 array antenna, circular polarisation is pasted
Blade unit 1, circularly-polarized patch unit 3, and the excitation amplitude of circularly-polarized patch unit 2, circularly-polarized patch unit 4 is identical, swash
Encourage phase 180 °, i.e. a3=-a1, a4=-a2.Then point to θ in particular beam0, φ0Time radiation pattern meet circle
Polarization condition is
Above formula is applicable to levorotatory form circular polarized antenna, two above equation i.e. can get the excitation width after unit optimizes
Degree and phase place, i.e.
Wherein, Axle ratio is excellent
After change, the excitation phase of array element comprisesWherein,For forming original phase needed for circular polarisation,For entering
Row beam scanning compensates phase place,For compensating phase place needed for optimizing antenna axial ratio.Present invention assumes that four circles of 2 × 2 array antenna
In polarized patch unit, circularly-polarized patch unit 1, circularly-polarized patch unit 3, and circularly-polarized patch unit 2, circularly-polarized patch
The excitation amplitude of unit 4 is identical, excitation phase differs 180 °, i.e. a3=-a1, a4=-a2, optimized algorithm the most of the present invention is direct
The excitation phase of calculated circularly-polarized patch unit 1,3 and circularly-polarized patch unit 2,4 is respectively present the phase place of 180 °
Difference.
But, add beam scanning and compensate phase placeAfter, circularly-polarized patch unit 1,3 and circular polarisation patch in 2 × 2 arrays
Blade unit 2,4 is unsatisfactory for the phase contrast of 180 °, and therefore, the direct calculated array element excitation phase of optimization method only comprisesWithBeam scanning compensates phase placeSubsequent step is needed to add.Further, more effective than optimized algorithm in order to improve axle of the present invention
Property, take into full account the radiated electric field situation of beam scanning state array element, the battle array when utilizing VBscript to extract array element electric field data
The excitation phase of unit should comprise beam scanning and compensate phase place
The present invention utilizes VBscript program to extract array element in phantom at the far field of two orthogonal directions of θ, φ electricity
Field data, these data include the mutual coupling between array element, the optimization method provided by above-mentioned principle, utilize the electric field extracted
Data are optimized calculating, adjust excitation amplitude and the excitation phase of array element according to result of calculation, and each 2 × 2 submatrixs are the most permissible
Realize extremely low cross polarization level, be finally reached improve whole array antenna cross polarization ratio, realize improve array antenna
The purpose of axle ratio.
Claims (10)
1. the axle of a large-angle scanning rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna compares optimization method, it is characterised in that include walking as follows
Rapid: in three-dimensional artificial software HFSS, set up the rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna with circularly polarization microstrip patch as array element and imitate
True mode, points to for antenna different beams, utilizes MATLAB Automatic Program to calculate excitation phase needed for each array element, MATLAB journey
Sequence preserves the result of calculation of output and is loaded directly in phantom by the emulation data processing module Edit Source of HFSS
Row simulation calculation, and compare simulation result according to array antenna axle under the large-angle scanning state of phantom calculating output, it is judged that sky
Whether bobbin than meets requirement, no, then in the case of utilizing VBscript Program extraction different beams to point to, each array element is sat in three-dimensional
The far field electric field data in two orthogonal coordinates directions of θ, φ in mark system ball, and when extracting electric field data, the excitation phase of each array element
Only comprise beam scanning required compensation phase place；Then, according to array antenna distribution, array antenna is divided into several 2 × 2 sons
Battle array, is a computing unit with 2 × 2 submatrixs, utilizes MATLAB program to read the orthogonal electric field data of each array element in each unit, with
Calculate each unit based on array element electric field data respectively and meet the excitation width that in unit, each array element is actually required under the conditions of circular polarisation
Degree and excitation phase；The emulation data processing module Edit Source of HFSS is loaded directly into MATLAB and preserves each unit of output
Actually required excitation amplitude and excitation phase re-start simulation calculation, can realize wide angle is scanned circularly polarization microstrip battle array
The axle of array antenna is than optimizing.
2. the axle of rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna as claimed in claim 1 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that utilize
Each array element θ in the case of this beam position of VBscript Program extraction, the far field electric field data in φ direction, when extracting electric field data,
The excitation phase of each array element only comprises the compensation phase place met required for beam position；When extracting array element electric field data, corresponding battle array
The excitation amplitude of unit is 1w, and the excitation amplitude of remaining array element is 0w.
3. large-angle scanning circularly polarization microstrip array antenna axle as claimed in claim 1 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that optimize
Rear 2 × 2 submatrixs are a certain specified beams scanning angle θ in three-dimensional ball coordinate system0, φ0Time two orthogonal directions of θ, φ total electric field
Meet circular polarisation condition: the linear polarization electric field amplitude of one group of orthogonal direction is identical, phase 90 °, i.e.
Above formula is left-hand circular polarization situation, in formula, a1,a2,a3,a4It is respectively the excitation of four unit in 2 × 2 submatrixs after optimizing, It is respectively four unit at θ0,The electric field data in θ direction during beam position,Respectively
It is that four unit are at θ0,During beam positionThe electric field data in direction,It is that 2 × 2 submatrixs are at θ0,During beam position
θ,The electric field resultant field in direction.
4. the axle of rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna as claimed in claim 1 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that utilize
MATLAB program calculates specified beams scanning angle θ0、φ0In the case of, the beam scanning that each array element needs compensates phase place and saves as
Csv formatted file, and load this .csv file, to wave beam in the emulation data processing module Edit Source of HFSS software
Sensing carries out model emulation calculating.
5. the axle of rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna as claimed in claim 1 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that model is imitated
After true calculating, each array element of VBscript Program extraction is utilized to compensate phase place in only beam scanningθ in the case of excitation0, φ0Ripple
Far field electric field data the preservation of θ during Shu Zhixiang, φ both direction are output as .csv form.
6. the axle of rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna as claimed in claim 1 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that
After MATLAB program reads the array element electric field data that VBscript preserves output, with 2 × 2 submatrixs as computing unit, with array element
The excitation amplitude that when each unit meets circular polarisation condition, in unit, each array element is actually required is calculated respectively based on electric field data
And excitation phase, and result of calculation is saved as .csv form, finally at the emulation data processing module Edit of HFSS software
In Source, the excited data of loaded and optimized array element later re-starts calculating.
7. the axle of rotational circle polarization array antenna as claimed in claim 1 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that 2 × 2 array skies
In line, the excitation of four circularly-polarized patch unit is respectively a1、a2、a3、a4, four excitations are plural number, comprise excitation amplitude and
Excitation phase, now, array antenna electric field on two orthogonal directions of θ, φ is respectively as follows:
Wherein,Be No. 1 array element excitation amplitude be 1w, excitation phase be beam scanning needed for compensate phase
Position time θ,The electric field of two orthogonal directions, in formula, the definition of other electric field duplicates.
8. large-angle scanning circular polarised array antenna axle as claimed in claim 7 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that at four circles
In polarized patch unit, it is assumed that circularly-polarized patch unit 1, circularly-polarized patch unit 3 and circularly-polarized patch unit 2, circular polarisation
The excitation amplitude of chip unit 4 is identical, encourages phase 180 °, i.e. excitation plural number a3=-a1, a4=-a2。
9. the axle of rotational circle polarization array antenna as claimed in claim 1 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that after axle is than optimizing
In HFSS simulation software, the excitation phase of array element comprisesWherein,For original needed for forming circular polarisation
Phase place,Phase place is compensated for carrying out beam scanning,For compensating phase place needed for optimizing antenna axial ratio.
, wherein,For forming original phase needed for circular polarisation,Phase place is compensated for carrying out beam scanning,For optimizing antenna axis
Than required compensation phase place.
10. large-angle scanning circular polarised array antenna axle as claimed in claim 1 compares optimization method, it is characterised in that implement axle
Selecting circularly polarization microstrip patch than the array element of the rotational circle polarization micro-strip array antenna optimized, axle is more notable than effect of optimization, and tool
Standby high-gain and high secondary lobe level nature.
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