CN112126118A - 一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,包括以下步骤,(1)初步粉碎;(2)金属层和基板的分离;(3)热裂解;(4)尾气处理。主要是先将废旧电路板进行破碎,粗略的获得金属层,主要是铜,然后进行脉冲破碎,使金属层和基层进一步分离,然后对基板中的树脂进行回收利用,采用的是热解法,同时加入碳酸钙粉末,与树脂中卤素更好的发生反应生成较多的无机卤,降低无机卤的含量,限制二恶英等物质的产生,由于基板经过脉冲破碎处理,使基板表面金属得到充分分离,因此,在后续的热解过程中,碳酸钙可以与树脂更好的结合,提高了热解效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及废旧电路板板回收的技术领域,尤其涉及一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法。
背景技术
在各种电子垃圾中,电路板(PCB板)的回收不仅在数量上占有巨大的份额,而且其蕴含的金属资源也是巨大的,也是最难以处理的。①金属材料:90%以上为Cu,含有少量Ag、Pd、Au等贵金属;②含卤素的环氧树脂等有机高聚物;③主要成分为硅及铝氧化物的陶瓷和玻璃纤维。
通常在废旧印刷电路板中加入高浓度的溴代阻燃剂以达到防火功能,而溴代阻燃剂在有氧受热过程中会产生有汗的有机溴化物,如二恶英、呋喃等,热解技术是指在无氧的状态下加热有机物至一定的温度,使其分解成小分子,回收作为燃料或化工原料的过程,不仅限制二恶英等物质的产生,还可以对金属、树脂等进行回收利用,具有相当高的社会效益。然而,溴代阻燃剂在热裂解的过程中会生成溴苯、溴酚等有机溴化物或者HBr迁移到热解产物中,这大大限制了热解产物的利用及要求设备的防腐蚀程度。
在回收电路板中树脂的过程中,基板与金属层未分离彻底,不仅热解后热解油附着在金属颗粒表面难以清理,而且金属层影响添加剂与树脂的充分结合,导致热解不充分的问题。因此,本发明主要解决的问题是由于金属层与基板结合紧密,导致热解不充分和热解后回收难度高的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,主要解决的问题是由于金属层与基板结合紧密,导致热解不充分和热解后回收难度高的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法
(1)初步粉碎:将废旧电路板进行粗粉碎、精粉碎,放入振动筛振动去除灰尘并沉淀金属粉,使用磁选管分离出金属铁,得到电路板无机碎料;
(2)金属层和基板的分离:将(1)所得电路板无机碎料通过孔径为2mm的筛网,然后完全浸入去离子水中,施加高压脉冲,筛分后干燥,得无机粉末;
(3)热裂解:将(2)中的无机粉末与重质碳酸钙混合,装入间歇式热解反应器中,升温至500-600℃,热解0.5h,使废旧电路板中的树脂转化为热解油;
(4)尾气处理:将步骤(3)中产生的不凝性气体采用0.2mol/L的NaOH溶液吸收。
进一步地,一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,所述步骤(1)中粗粉碎是利用剪切破碎机破碎到10×10mm。
进一步地,一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,所述步骤(1)中精粉碎是利用立轴式冲击式破碎机细碎至2mm以下。
进一步地,一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,所述步骤(2)中高压脉冲条件为高压脉冲极板间距35-50mm,脉冲频率5-10Hz,电压190-200kV的条件下,进行400脉冲放电。
进一步地,一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,所述步骤(2)中的干燥条件为在烘箱中于100-105℃,烘2h后移送至干燥处存放。
进一步地,一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,所述步骤(3)中的重质碳酸钙占无机粉末的40-50%,重质碳酸钙为120目筛。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明主要是先将废旧电路板进行破碎,粗略的获得金属层,主要是铜,然后进行脉冲破碎,使金属层和基层进一步分离,然后对基板中的树脂进行回收利用,回收基板中的树脂的方法主要采用的是热解法,同时加入碳酸钙粉末,与树脂中卤素更好的发生反应生成较多的无机卤,约75%以上的无机卤,降低无机卤的含量,限制二恶英等物质的产生,由于基板经过脉冲破碎处理,使基板表面金属得到充分分离,因此,在后续的热解过程中,碳酸钙可以与树脂更好的结合,提高了热解效率。
当然,实施本发明的任一产品并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,包括以下几个步骤,
(1)初步粉碎:将废旧电路板进行粗粉碎、精粉碎,放入振动筛振动去除灰尘并沉淀金属粉,使用磁选管分离出金属铁,得到电路板无机碎料;
步骤(1)中粗粉碎是利用剪切破碎机破碎到10×10mm。
步骤(1)中精粉碎是利用立轴式冲击式破碎机细碎至2mm以下。
废旧电路板的金属主要为铜,含量一般为5-6%,作为铜层与基板集合,破碎的目的是使铜层破碎,随着粒度的降低,铜、铝等金属基本上从树脂和塑料中解离出来。
(2)金属层和基板的分离:将(1)所得电路板无机碎料通过孔径为2mm的筛网,然后完全浸入去离子水中,施加高压脉冲,筛分后干燥,得无机粉末;
步骤(2)中高压脉冲条件为高压脉冲极板间距40mm,脉冲频率5Hz,电压200kV的条件下,进行400脉冲放电。
步骤(2)中的干燥条件为在烘箱中于100℃,烘2h后移送至干燥处存放。
经过脉冲破碎后,当能量作用于电路板中各材料之间的界面时,抗拉伸强度最小的材料首先发生破裂,电路板逐渐地被破碎成大小不一的碎片。在高压脉冲的作用下,铜箔与基材以及铜箔与阻燃剂层之间的界面在放电通道膨胀和拉伸波的作用下开始分离。而且这种分离是从界面的边缘开始发生的,并随着脉冲个数的增加逐渐的向界面内部延伸,直到界面彻底分离,经过400脉冲作用后的铜箔与基材、阻燃剂层之间实现了完全分离。
废弃电路板的破碎和脉冲破碎,主要目的在于实现金属与非金属材料之间的解离,便于后续分选。
(3)热裂解:将(2)中的无机粉末与重质碳酸钙混合,装入间歇式热解反应器中,升温至500℃,热解0.5h,使废旧电路板中的树脂转化为热解油;
步骤(3)中的重质碳酸钙占无机粉末的40%,重质碳酸钙为120目筛。
CaCO3大约在550℃左右开始分解,随着H2O和CO2分子的大量减少,有利于生成CaBr2,此时从HBr形成扩散到CaCO3表面并发生反应生成CaBr2。卤素的毒性主要来自有机卤化物,而且有机卤化物的脱卤和分离比较困难,热解温度升高,CaCO3与卤素更好的发生反应生成较多的无机卤,约75%以上的无机卤,其中70%以上束缚于固体残渣中。
通过对热解油的分析鉴定,分析鉴定出近50种成分,主要有苯酚、五溴甲苯、2-甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基苯酚等,用于回收重复利用。
(4)尾气处理:将步骤(3)中产生的不凝性气体采用0.2mol/L的NaOH溶液吸收。不凝性气体产物如HBr、HCl和CO2等。
本发明主要是先将废旧电路板进行破碎,粗略的获得金属层,主要是铜,然后进行脉冲破碎,使金属层和基层进一步分离,然后对基板中的树脂进行回收利用,回收基板中的树脂的方法主要采用的是热解法,同时加入碳酸钙粉末,与树脂中卤素更好的发生反应生成较多的无机卤,约75%以上的无机卤,降低无机卤的含量,限制二恶英等物质的产生,由于基板经过脉冲破碎处理,使基板表面金属得到充分分离,因此,在后续的热解过程中,碳酸钙可以与树脂更好的结合,提高了热解效率。
需要说明的是,在本文中,如若存在第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,其特征在于:包括以下几个步骤,
(1)初步粉碎:将废旧电路板进行粗粉碎、精粉碎,放入振动筛振动去除灰尘并沉淀金属粉,使用磁选管分离出金属铁,得到电路板无机碎料;
(2)金属层和基板的分离:将(1)所得电路板无机碎料通过孔径为2mm的筛网,然后完全浸入去离子水中,施加高压脉冲,筛分后干燥,得无机粉末;
(3)热裂解:将(2)中的无机粉末与重质碳酸钙混合,装入间歇式热解反应器中,升温至500-600℃,热解0.5h,使废旧电路板中的树脂转化为热解油;
(4)尾气处理:将步骤(3)中产生的不凝性气体采用0.2mol/L的NaOH溶液吸收。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中粗粉碎是利用剪切破碎机破碎到10×10mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中精粉碎是利用立轴式冲击式破碎机细碎至2mm以下。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中高压脉冲条件为高压脉冲极板间距35-50mm,脉冲频率5-10Hz,电压190-200kV的条件下,进行400脉冲放电。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的干燥条件为在烘箱中于100-105℃,烘2h后移送至干燥处存放。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种废旧电路板树脂材料回收的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中的重质碳酸钙占无机粉末的40-50%,重质碳酸钙为120目筛。
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