CN112125662A - 一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片 - Google Patents

一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片 Download PDF

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CN112125662A
CN112125662A CN202011035156.5A CN202011035156A CN112125662A CN 112125662 A CN112125662 A CN 112125662A CN 202011035156 A CN202011035156 A CN 202011035156A CN 112125662 A CN112125662 A CN 112125662A
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叶林龙
覃远东
梁自伟
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Guangxi New Future Information Industry Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片，还公开了其制备工艺。所述压敏电阻瓷片通过边沿浸润特制浆料后烧结而成。制备步骤分为：制备主料，制备生坯浆料，造粒，生坯制备，烧结。在受到浪涌电流冲击时，所述压敏电阻中的电流将大部分从瓷片的中心区域通过。本发明的优点是在不降低压敏电阻瓷片耐受能力的前提下，减少了压敏电阻瓷片边沿区域承受的电流，改善了压敏电阻瓷片在受到浪涌电流冲击时边沿易熔穿爆裂的失效情况，同时此压敏电阻瓷片在用于带有热脱离器的SPD器件上时，能有效提高器件的脱离敏感性，提高用电器的安全性能。

Description

一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片，属于电子元器件制备技术领域。
背景技术
压敏电阻是一种具有非线性伏安特性并有抑制瞬态过电压和泄放浪涌电流作用的固态电压敏感型元件，体现这一特性的主要是掺杂后的金属氧化物烧结成的陶瓷体材料本身的特性，表现为陶瓷体的电阻值对通过陶瓷体的电压/电流的响应。当电流通过压敏电阻时，由于微观上陶瓷体结构的不均匀性，导致电流在陶瓷体中的传导也不是均匀的，集中通过陶瓷体的电流会使陶瓷体局部发热，当电流过大时就会熔穿陶瓷体使压敏电阻击穿失效，当能量过大时还会发生爆炸。特别地，当压敏陶瓷附加有热脱扣装置时，只有当热量迅速的传导并激发热脱扣装置了，实现压敏电阻器的脱离，才能有效地防止压敏电阻失效起火，阻止进一步的火灾隐患的发生，保护用电器和人员的安全。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片，压敏电阻瓷片边沿区域压敏电压比中心区域压敏电压高，在承受浪涌电流时，陶瓷体上流过的电流将大部分从中心区域流过，使得发热区也集中于中心区域。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片，其压敏电阻瓷片主要由下述摩尔比的原料制备而成：ZnO：Bi2O3：TiO2：Co2O3：Ni2O3：BaCO3： MnCO3：SnO2：Al(NO3)3·9H2O：Sb2O3：SrCO3：H3BO3等于95.5%~97.5%：0.7%~0.9%：0.5%~0.9%：0.8%~1.0%：0.1%~0.3%：0~0.1%：0.1~0.3%：0.2%~0.3%：0.02~0.2%：0.2%~0.35%：0.018%~0.02%：0~0.1%。
本发明还提供了一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片的制备工艺，具体步骤为：
一、制备主料：首先将工业优级ZnO粉料和分析纯原料按下述摩尔比的原料称量好：ZnO：Bi2O3：TiO2：Co2O3：Ni2O3：BaCO3： MnCO3：SnO2：Al(NO3)3·9H2O：Sb2O3：SrCO3：H3BO3等于95.5%~97.5%：0.7%~0.9%：0.5%~0.9%：0.8%~1.0%：0.1%~0.3%：0~0.1%：0.1~0.3%：0.2%~0.3%：0.02~0.2%：0.2%~0.35%：0.018%~0.02%：0~0.1%，混合在一起，得到主料A；
二、制备生坯浆料：向分散剂聚丙烯酸中加入去离子水，在80℃水浴条件下加热搅拌至完全溶解，调节pH值到8，得到溶液B，将主料A、溶液B和锆球放入球磨罐中，湿法球磨16小时，得到浆料，所述球磨罐中球料质量比为3：1；所述分散剂聚丙烯酸用量为主料A总质量的0.2~0.25%，加入去离子水的质量应使制成的浆料固含量为55~60%；
三、造粒：将球磨后的浆料在140±10℃烘箱内干燥成无水坯状，将烘干后的粉料碾碎成无颗粒感的粉料，加入PVA水溶液研磨造粒并烘干，过80-100目筛，静置4~8小时后，得造粒粉料；PVA的添加量为烘干后粉料质量的4%，所得造粒粉料含水质量百分比为（0.4±0.1）%；
四、生坯制备：采用模压成型，将造粒粉料干压成型，压制成所需直径的陶瓷生坯体；将陶瓷生坯体在550℃~650℃排胶，升温速率1℃/分钟，保温4小时，随炉冷却至常温，得到排胶生坯；
五、边沿浸润：将所述排胶生坯的边沿部分浸入配好的特制浆料中，浸没边缘宽度为2~4mm，让瓷片生坯外沿均匀沾上特制浆料后静置1h；
六、烧结：将浸润完成的陶瓷生坯体放入电阻炉中进行烧结，烧结温度为1100℃~1150℃，保温250分钟~400分钟，随炉冷却至常温，即得所述中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片。
特别地，上述步骤中涉及到的一种特制浆料，其配方及制备工艺为：
一、按质量比取分析纯粉料ZnO：Bi2O3：Sb2O3：玻璃粉：Y2O3等于40~42%：9~11%：27~33%：15~18%：3~5%，湿法球磨混合，球磨介质为无水乙醇，球料比3：1，烘干后碾碎过60目筛，850℃煅烧后研磨，过150目筛，得粉料T；
二、按质量比取乙基纤维素：乙二醇丁醚：邻苯二甲酸二丁酯：二乙二醇丁醚=1：10：2：10，混合均匀，得到溶液T；
三、按质量比取粉料T：溶液T=1000：645，放入球磨罐球磨混合24h，球料比3：1，混合后浆料过100目筛后得到特制浆料。
上述中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片，其优点在于：
（1）所述压敏电阻瓷片边沿区域压敏电压比中心区域压敏电压高0.5%到1%，在疏导浪涌电流时，大部分电流通过瓷片中心部位流出，比边沿部分具有更好的承受能力，不易发生爆炸；
（2）所述压敏陶瓷片用于制备有热脱扣装置的压敏电阻器时，由于其热量集中，可以提高热脱扣装置的工作精度，在更短的时间内完成动作，保护设备。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的压敏瓷片不同部位压敏电压测试图；
图2为实施例2制备的压敏瓷片不同部位压敏电压测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1：
欲制取3000g压敏陶瓷粉料，按比例取原料粉体：2685.52gZnO、144.14gBi2O3、19.22gTiO2、51.31gCo2O3、17.05g Ni2O3、5.43gBaCO3、11.85g MnCO3、12.95g SnO2、19.34g Al(NO3)3·9H2O、30.06g Sb2O3、1.01g SrCO3、2.13g H3BO3，称量后混合在一起，得到主料A；向6g聚丙烯酸中加入2000g去离子水，在80℃水浴条件下加热搅拌至完全溶解，调节pH值到8，得到溶液B，将主料A、溶液B和9000g锆球放入球磨罐中，湿法球磨16小时，得到浆料；将球磨后的浆料在140±10℃烘箱内干燥成无水坯状，将烘干后的粉料碾碎成无颗粒感的粉料，加入10%PVA水溶液120g，研磨造粒并烘干，过80目筛，静置8小时后，得含水量0.4%的造粒粉料；将造粒粉料干压成型，压制成Ф16.6mm、厚度3.65mm的圆柱形陶瓷生坯体；600℃排胶，升温速率1℃/分钟，保温4小时，随炉冷却至常温，得到排胶生坯。
称取分析纯粉料400gZnO、110gBi2O3、270gSb2O3、170g玻璃粉、50gY2O3，加入600g无水乙醇和3000g锆磨球，湿法球磨混合16h，80℃烘干后碾碎过60目筛，850℃煅烧后研磨，过150目筛，得粉料T；称取28.04g乙基纤维素、280.43g乙二醇丁醚、56.09g邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、280.43g二乙二醇丁醚，混合均匀，得到溶液T；
将粉料T和溶液放入球磨罐，加入4935g锆磨球，球磨混合24h，混合后浆料过100目筛后得到特制浆料。
将排胶生坯的边沿部分浸入配好的特制浆料中，浸没边缘宽度为4mm，让瓷片生坯外沿均匀沾上特制浆料后静置1h；将浸润完成的陶瓷生坯体放入电阻炉中进行烧结，烧结温度为1110℃，保温340分钟，随炉冷却至常温，即得所述中心区域电流集中的Ф14压敏电阻瓷片。
如图1所示，用铅笔在瓷片表面涂抹碳电极层，用笔式探头测试瓷片不同部位的压敏电压，结果如下：第一点1为481V，第二点2为480V，第三点3为482V，第四点4为482V，第五点5为476V。
实施例2：
欲制取3000g压敏陶瓷粉料，按比例取原料粉体：2749.25gZnO、113.58gBi2O3、13.91gTiO2、46.21gCo2O3、5.76g Ni2O3、3.44gBaCO3、4.00g MnCO3、15.74g SnO2、26.13gAl(NO3)3·9H2O、20.30g Sb2O3、1.03g SrCO3、0.65g H3BO3，称量后混合在一起，得到主料A；向7.5g聚丙烯酸中加入2455g去离子水，在80℃水浴条件下加热搅拌至完全溶解，调节pH值到8，得到溶液B，将主料A、溶液B和9000g锆球放入球磨罐中，湿法球磨16小时，得到浆料；将球磨后的浆料在140±10℃烘箱内干燥成无水坯状，将烘干后的粉料碾碎成无颗粒感的粉料，加入10%PVA水溶液120g，研磨造粒并烘干，过100目筛，静置4小时后，得含水量0.4%的造粒粉料；将造粒粉料干压成型，压制成Ф16.6mm、厚度3.65mm的圆柱形陶瓷生坯体；550℃排胶，升温速率1℃/分钟，保温4小时，随炉冷却至常温，得到排胶生坯。
称取分析纯粉料420gZnO、90gBi2O3、310gSb2O3、150g玻璃粉、30gY2O3，加入600g无水乙醇和3000g锆磨球，湿法球磨混合16h，80℃烘干后碾碎过60目筛，850℃煅烧后研磨，过150目筛，得粉料T；称取28.04g乙基纤维素、280.43g乙二醇丁醚、56.09g邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、280.43g二乙二醇丁醚，混合均匀，得到溶液T；
将粉料T和溶液放入球磨罐，加入4935g锆磨球，球磨混合24h，混合后浆料过100目筛后得到特制浆料。
将排胶生坯的边沿部分浸入配好的特制浆料中，浸没边缘宽度为2mm，让瓷片生坯外沿均匀沾上特制浆料后静置1h；将浸润完成的陶瓷生坯体放入电阻炉中进行烧结，烧结温度为1150℃，保温250分钟，随炉冷却至常温，即得所述中心区域电流集中的Ф14压敏电阻瓷片。
如图2所示，用铅笔在瓷片表面涂抹碳电极层，用笔式探头测试瓷片不同部位的压敏电压，结果如下：第六点6为476V，第七点7为477V，第八点8为475V，第九点9为477V，第十点10为469V。

Claims (3)

1. 一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片，其特征在于：所述压敏电阻瓷片材料主要是由下述摩尔比的原料制备而成：ZnO：Bi2O3：TiO2：Co2O3：Ni2O3：BaCO3： MnCO3：SnO2：Al(NO3)3·9H2O：Sb2O3：SrCO3：H3BO3等于95.5%~97.5%：0.7%~0.9%：0.5%~0.9%：0.8%~1.0%：0.1%~0.3%：0~0.1%：0.1~0.3%：0.2%~0.3%：0.02~0.2%：0.2%~0.35%：0.018%~0.02%：0~0.1%。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片，其特征在于，所述瓷片的制造工艺的步骤是：
一、制备主料：首先将工业优级ZnO粉料和分析纯原料按下述摩尔比的原料称量好：ZnO：Bi2O3：TiO2：Co2O3：Ni2O3：BaCO3： MnCO3：SnO2：Al(NO3)3·9H2O：Sb2O3：SrCO3：H3BO3等于95.5%~97.5%：0.7%~0.9%：0.5%~0.9%：0.8%~1.0%：0.1%~0.3%：0~0.1%：0.1~0.3%：0.2%~0.3%：0.02~0.2%：0.2%~0.35%：0.018%~0.02%：0~0.1%，混合在一起，得到主料A；
二、制备生坯浆料：向分散剂聚丙烯酸中加入去离子水，在80℃水浴条件下加热搅拌至完全溶解，调节pH值到8，得到溶液B，将主料A、溶液B和锆球放入球磨罐中，湿法球磨16小时，得到浆料，所述球磨罐中球料质量比为3：1；所述分散剂聚丙烯酸用量为主料A总质量的0.2~0.25%，加入去离子水的质量应使制成的浆料固含量为55~60%；
三、造粒：将球磨后的浆料在140±10℃烘箱内干燥成无水坯状，将烘干后的粉料碾碎成无颗粒感的粉料，加入PVA水溶液研磨造粒并烘干，过80-100目筛，静置4~8小时后，得造粒粉料；PVA的添加量为烘干后粉料质量的4%，所得造粒粉料含水质量百分比为0.4%±0.1；
四、生坯制备：采用模压成型，将造粒粉料干压成型，压制成所需直径的陶瓷生坯体；将陶瓷生坯体在550℃~650℃排胶，升温速率1℃/分钟，保温4小时，随炉冷却至常温，得到排胶生坯；
五、边沿浸润：将所述排胶生坯的边沿部分浸入特制浆料中，浸没边缘宽度为2~4mm，让瓷片生坯外沿均匀沾上特制浆料后静置1h；
六、烧结：将浸润完成的陶瓷生坯体放入电阻炉中进行烧结，烧结温度为1100℃~1150℃，保温250分钟~400分钟，随炉冷却至常温，即得所述中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种中心区域电流集中的压敏电阻瓷片，其特征在于：所述特制浆料的配方及制备工艺为：
一、按质量比取分析纯粉料ZnO：Bi2O3：Sb2O3：玻璃粉：Y2O3等于40~42%：9~11%：27~33%：15~18%：3~5%，湿法球磨混合，球磨介质为无水乙醇，球料比3：1，烘干后碾碎过60目筛，850℃煅烧后研磨，过150目筛，得粉料T；
二、按质量比取乙基纤维素：乙二醇丁醚：邻苯二甲酸二丁酯：二乙二醇丁醚=1：10：2：10，混合均匀，得到溶液T；
三、按质量比取粉料T：溶液T=1000：645，放入球磨罐球磨混合24h，球料比3：1，混合后浆料过100目筛后得到特制浆料。
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