CN112120232A - Method for continuously extracting pigment and dietary fiber from bamboo shoot shells - Google Patents

Method for continuously extracting pigment and dietary fiber from bamboo shoot shells Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112120232A
CN112120232A CN202011112925.7A CN202011112925A CN112120232A CN 112120232 A CN112120232 A CN 112120232A CN 202011112925 A CN202011112925 A CN 202011112925A CN 112120232 A CN112120232 A CN 112120232A
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bamboo shoot
dietary fiber
pigment
precipitate
shoot shell
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刘晓翠
邢亚阁
周芷冉
王晓敏
田瑾
曹晓彤
徐琳
杨萍
李宣林
杨爽
易如梦
吴林
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Research Institute Of Xihua University Yibin
Xihua University
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Xihua University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for continuously extracting pigments and dietary fibers from bamboo shoot shells, which comprises the following steps: mixing bamboo shoot shell powder and a NaOH solution in a vacuum packaging bag, carrying out pressure-maintaining filtration after vacuum packaging, and centrifuging the filtrate to obtain a supernatant A and a precipitate B; evaporating and crystallizing the supernatant A to obtain bamboo shoot shell pigment; drying the precipitate B, mixing the dried precipitate B with a phosphoric acid buffer solution containing a compound enzyme and having a pH value of 3.5-4.5, carrying out enzymolysis, inactivating the enzyme after the enzymolysis is finished, and centrifuging the obtained enzymolysis slurry to obtain a supernatant C and a precipitate D; filtering the supernatant C with ultrafiltration membrane to obtain ultrafiltration permeate, spray drying, and extracting to obtain water soluble dietary fiber; and (4) carrying out spray drying on the precipitate D to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber. The method can continuously extract the pigment and the dietary fiber to obtain the pigment of the bamboo shoot shell, the water-soluble dietary fiber and the water-insoluble dietary fiber.

Description

Method for continuously extracting pigment and dietary fiber from bamboo shoot shells
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting bamboo shoot shell dietary fiber, in particular to a method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot shell pigment and dietary fiber.
Background
In recent years, the bamboo shoot industry in China is rapidly developed, the planting area is enlarged year by year, and after the fresh picked bamboo shoots are canned, pickled and dried, the bamboo shoot shells and some aging parts are discarded as leftovers or used in industries with low added values such as livestock and poultry feeds, handicraft manufacturing and the like, so that the waste of resources is caused.
Research shows that the bamboo shoot shell contains available substances such as pigment, cellulose, flavone and the like. The bamboo shoot shell can be used for wrapping the rice dumplings, which shows that the bamboo shoot shell is nontoxic, and the pigment extracted from the bamboo shoot shell is safe and nontoxic. Different from artificially synthesized pigments, the natural edible pigment has higher safety and no toxic or side effect, can improve the sensory property of food, enables the performance of the food to be more stable, can be used as an ideal additive in the industries of medicines, foods, cosmetics and the like, can also provide other nutrient components for human bodies, and is popular with more and more people. Further, the use of synthetic pigments is also restricted to various degrees in various countries, and development of natural food pigments is encouraged.
At present, the traditional pigment extraction methods mainly select different solvents for pigment extraction according to different polarities, but the methods have various disadvantages, such as: the method has the advantages of narrow application range, complex required instruments and equipment, high energy consumption, high pollution, small single treatment capacity, low extraction rate, more impurities in the extracted product, low purity, no contribution to extraction of active ingredients and unstable ingredients and the like.
The dietary fiber is a general term for polysaccharide carbohydrate and lignin which are not digested and absorbed by human body, and can be divided into two main categories of water-soluble dietary fiber and water-insoluble dietary fiber. The dietary fiber has strong water and oil holding capacity, and nutrition survey data shows that the dietary fiber can effectively reduce and prevent coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, myocardial infarction, colitis, constipation and other diseases. In addition, the dietary fiber can delay and reduce the absorption of harmful substances such as heavy metals by human bodies, and has the function of reducing and preventing the toxic action of harmful chemical substances on the human bodies.
At present, most dietary fibers are extracted from wastes (such as soybean hulls, oat hulls, wheat bran and the like) after processing of various crops, but the fibers are generally rough in structure and low in edible value. The bamboo shoot shell dietary fiber is high in content, can be used as a novel dietary fiber resource to be developed and utilized, can open up a new comprehensive utilization way for the bamboo shoot resource in China, and can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for processing research and utilization of bamboo shoots.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot shell pigment and dietary fiber, which solves the problem of single product extracted from the existing bamboo shoot shell, and can continuously extract pigment and dietary fiber to obtain bamboo shoot shell pigment, water-soluble dietary fiber and water-insoluble dietary fiber.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for continuously extracting pigments and dietary fibers from bamboo shoot shells, comprising: mixing the crushed bamboo shoot shell powder passing through a 60-100-mesh screen and a NaOH solution in a vacuum packaging bag according to a mass ratio of 1: 10-1: 30, carrying out pressure-maintaining filtration under the pressure of 100-400 MPa after vacuum packaging, and centrifuging the filtrate to obtain a supernatant A and a precipitate B; evaporating and crystallizing the supernatant A to obtain bamboo shoot shell pigment; drying the precipitate B, and mixing the dried precipitate B with a phosphoric acid buffer solution which contains a compound enzyme with the mass concentration of 1-4% and has the pH value of 3.5-4.5 according to the weight ratio of 15-10: 1, mixing the complex enzyme, wherein the complex enzyme comprises: papain, alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase, wherein the mass ratio of the papain to the alpha-amylase to the amyloglucosidase is 1-2: 2-4: carrying out enzymolysis at 1-3 ℃ and 35-45 ℃, inactivating enzyme after the enzymolysis is finished, and centrifuging the obtained enzymolysis slurry to obtain supernatant C and precipitate D; filtering the supernatant C with an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 200-500 KDa to obtain ultrafiltration permeate, carrying out spray drying under the conditions that the air inlet temperature is 120-180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the compressed air flow is 500-800 mL/h, feeding the obtained powder into an extraction kettle, and introducing a carrying agent and supercritical CO2Extracting the mixed fluid obtained after the gas mixing under the pressure of 25-35 Mpa to obtain water-soluble dietary fibers; and (3) carrying out spray drying on the precipitate D, and drying under the conditions that the air inlet temperature is 120-180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the compressed air flow is 500-800 mL/h to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
Preferably, the bamboo shoot shell powder and the NaOH solution are kept under the pressure of 100-400 MPa for 1-4 min.
Preferably, the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.05 mol/L.
Preferably, the enzymolysis time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the centrifugation is 3000-4000 r/min, and the centrifugation time is 10-20 min.
Preferably, the carrier weight is 15% of the powder weight.
Preferably, the flow rate of the mixed fluid is 20-35L/h.
Preferably, the carrier is methanol.
The method for continuously extracting the bamboo shoot shell pigment and the dietary fiber solves the problem that the existing bamboo shoot shell extract product is single, and has the following advantages:
(1) the method of the invention not only separates and extracts the pigment of the bamboo shoot shell, but also separates and extracts the dietary fiber in the bamboo shoot shell, obtains the water-soluble dietary fiber and the water-insoluble dietary fiber, improves the utilization rate of the bamboo shoot shell to the maximum extent compared with the method of separately extracting, reduces the production cost, simultaneously diversifies the product types, and has important significance for further improving the production capacity of the bamboo shoot industry, realizing the effective utilization of waste resources and promoting the development of agricultural economy;
(2) according to the method, the raw materials are pretreated, and the ultrafine crushed bamboo shoot shells are utilized in the pretreatment, so that the particles of the bamboo shoot shell powder are finer, the contact area of the bamboo shoot shell powder and the extracting solution is increased, and the dissolution of pigments in the bamboo shoot shells is accelerated;
(3) according to the method, an alkaline method-ultrahigh pressure combined method is adopted in the bamboo shoot shell pigment extraction process, and the ultrahigh pressure technology is not only beneficial to rupture of cell walls to promote dissolution of the pigment and improve the extraction rate, but also has the advantages of short extraction time, good stability of the extracting solution and the like;
(4) the method of the invention adopts the method of preparing the dietary fiber by one-step degradation of the complex enzyme, removes starch and a small amount of protein, improves the purity of the dietary fiber and ensures that the whole extraction process has higher quality and higher efficiency.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot shell pigment and dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying and pulverizing the raw materials
Cleaning bamboo shoot shell, cutting into pieces, drying in an electric heating constant temperature blast drier to control the water content of the bamboo shoot shell to be 2 wt%, micronizing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) alkaline process-ultrahigh pressure combined extraction of pigment
Mixing the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1) with 0.05mol/LNaOH solution in a vacuum packaging bag according to the mass ratio of 1:10, placing the mixture in an ultrahigh pressure device for processing after vacuum packaging, maintaining the pressure for 2min at the pressure of 300MPa, filtering, and centrifuging the filtrate for 10min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min to obtain supernatant A and precipitate B;
(3) pigment preparation by evaporation crystallization
Evaporating and crystallizing the supernatant A obtained in the step (2) to obtain brown powder which is extracted bamboo shoot shell pigment;
(4) method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber by compound enzyme method
Drying the precipitate B obtained in the step (2) by hot constant-temperature air blasting, and mixing the dried precipitate B with a phosphoric acid buffer solution which contains complex enzyme with the mass concentration of 2% and has the pH value of 4 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1, mixing the components, wherein the complex enzyme is papain, alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase in a mass ratio of 1: 2: 2, carrying out enzymolysis for 1.5h at 35 ℃, inactivating enzyme in a boiling water bath for 5min, centrifuging the obtained enzymolysis slurry for 10min at the rotation speed of 4000r/min, and separating to obtain supernatant C and precipitate D;
(5) spray drying-extraction combined water-soluble dietary fiber
Filtering the supernatant C obtained in the step (4) by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 300KDa to obtain ultrafiltration permeateSpray drying at 120 deg.C, 60 deg.C and 600mL/h compressed air flow rate, feeding the obtained powder into extraction kettle, introducing entrainer (methanol) and supercritical CO2The weight of the entrainer is 15 percent of the weight of the powder, the pressure is 35Mpa, the flow rate of mixed fluid after gas mixing is 20L/h, and water-soluble dietary fiber is obtained after extraction;
(6) spray drying water-making insoluble dietary fiber
Washing the precipitate D obtained in the step (4) with absolute ethyl alcohol for 4 times, then washing with water for 3 times, and drying by adopting an airflow spray dryer under the conditions that the air inlet temperature is 120 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 60 ℃ and the compressed air flow is 600mL/h to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
The content of the obtained bamboo shoot shell pigment is 0.297g/g, the content of the water-soluble dietary fiber is 10.57 percent, and the content of the water-insoluble dietary fiber is 54.23 percent.
Example 2
A method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot shell pigment and dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying and pulverizing the raw materials
Cleaning bamboo shoot shell, cutting into pieces, drying in an electric heating constant temperature blast drier to control the water content of the bamboo shoot shell to be 5 wt%, micronizing, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) alkaline process-ultrahigh pressure combined extraction of pigment
Mixing the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1) with 0.05mol/LNaOH solution in a vacuum packaging bag according to the mass ratio of 1:20, placing the mixture in an ultrahigh pressure device for processing after vacuum packaging, maintaining the pressure for 3min under the pressure of 200MPa, filtering, and centrifuging the filtrate for 15min at the rotating speed of 3500r/min to obtain supernatant A and precipitate B;
(3) pigment preparation by evaporation crystallization
Evaporating and crystallizing the supernatant A obtained in the step (2) to obtain brown powder;
(4) method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber by compound enzyme method
Drying the precipitate B obtained in the step (2) by hot constant-temperature air blasting, and mixing the dried precipitate B with a phosphoric acid buffer solution which contains 3% of complex enzyme by mass concentration and has pH of 4.5 according to a weight ratio of 15: 1, mixing the compound enzyme, namely papain, alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase in a mass ratio of 2: 3: 2, carrying out enzymolysis for 1h at 40 ℃, inactivating enzyme in a boiling water bath for 5min, centrifuging the obtained enzymolysis slurry for 15min at the rotation speed of 3500r/min, and separating to obtain supernatant C and precipitate D;
(5) spray drying-extraction combined water-soluble dietary fiber
Filtering the supernatant C obtained in the step (4) by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 400KDa to obtain ultrafiltration permeate, performing spray drying on the ultrafiltration permeate under the conditions of the air inlet temperature of 160 ℃, the air outlet temperature of 70 ℃ and the compressed air flow rate of 700mL/h, feeding the obtained powder into an extraction kettle, and introducing a carrier (adopting methanol) and supercritical CO2The weight of the entrainer is 15 percent of the weight of the powder, the pressure is 30Mpa, the flow rate of mixed fluid after gas mixing is 30L/h, and water-soluble dietary fiber is obtained after extraction;
(6) spray drying water-making insoluble dietary fiber
Washing the precipitate D obtained in the step (4) with absolute ethyl alcohol for 5 times, then washing with water for 4 times, and drying by adopting an airflow spray dryer under the conditions that the air inlet temperature is 160 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 70 ℃, and the compressed air flow is 700mL/h to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
The content of the obtained bamboo shoot shell pigment is measured to be 0.263g/g, the water-soluble dietary fiber is measured to be 8.66%, and the water-insoluble dietary fiber is measured to be 49.51%.
Comparative example 1
A method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot shell pigment and dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying and pulverizing the raw materials
Cleaning bamboo shoot shell, cutting into pieces, drying in an electric heating constant temperature blast drier to control the water content of the bamboo shoot shell to be 2 wt%, micronizing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) alkaline process-ultrahigh pressure combined extraction of pigment
Mixing the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1) with 0.05mol/LNaOH solution in a vacuum packaging bag according to the mass ratio of 1:10, filtering after 2min, and centrifuging the filtrate for 10min at the rotation speed of 4000r/min to obtain supernatant A and precipitate B;
(3) pigment preparation by evaporation crystallization
Evaporating and crystallizing the supernatant A obtained in the step (2) to obtain brown powder;
(4) method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber by compound enzyme method
Drying the precipitate B obtained in the step (2) by hot constant-temperature air blasting, and mixing the dried precipitate B with a phosphoric acid buffer solution which contains complex enzyme with the mass concentration of 2% and has the pH value of 4 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1, mixing the components, wherein the complex enzyme is papain, alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase in a mass ratio of 1: 2: 2, carrying out enzymolysis for 1.5h at 35 ℃, inactivating enzyme in a boiling water bath for 5min, centrifuging the obtained enzymolysis slurry for 10min at the rotation speed of 4000r/min, and separating to obtain supernatant C and precipitate D;
(5) spray drying-extraction combined water-soluble dietary fiber
Filtering the supernatant C obtained in the step (4) with an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 300KDa to obtain ultrafiltration permeate, spray drying the ultrafiltration permeate under the conditions of the air inlet temperature of 120 ℃, the air outlet temperature of 60 ℃ and the compressed air flow rate of 600mL/h, feeding the obtained powder into an extraction kettle, and introducing a carrier (adopting methanol) and supercritical CO2The weight of the entrainer is 15 percent of the weight of the powder, the pressure is 35Mpa, the flow rate of mixed fluid after gas mixing is 20L/h, and the water-soluble dietary fiber is obtained after extraction.
(6) Spray drying water-making insoluble dietary fiber
Washing the precipitate D obtained in the step (4) with absolute ethyl alcohol for 4 times, then washing with water for 3 times, and drying by adopting an airflow spray dryer under the conditions that the air inlet temperature is 120 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 60 ℃ and the compressed air flow is 600mL/h to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
The content of the obtained bamboo shoot shell pigment is 0.121g/g, the water-soluble dietary fiber is 7.75 percent, and the water-insoluble dietary fiber is 45.76 percent. In comparative example 1, the pigment extract was not treated by the ultra-high pressure apparatus, so that the dissolution rate of the pigment was low.
Comparative example 2
A method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot shell pigment and dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying and pulverizing the raw materials
Cleaning bamboo shoot shell, cutting into pieces, drying in an electric heating constant temperature blast drier to control the water content of the bamboo shoot shell to be 2 wt%, micronizing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo shoot shell powder;
(2) alkaline process-ultrahigh pressure combined extraction of pigment
Mixing the bamboo shoot shell powder obtained in the step (1) with 0.05mol/LNaOH solution in a vacuum packaging bag according to the mass ratio of 1:10, placing the mixture in an ultrahigh pressure device for processing after vacuum packaging, maintaining the pressure for 2min at the pressure of 300MPa, filtering, and centrifuging the filtrate for 10min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min to obtain supernatant A and precipitate B;
(3) pigment preparation by evaporation crystallization
Evaporating and crystallizing the supernatant A obtained in the step (2) to obtain brown powder;
(4) method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber by compound enzyme method
Drying the precipitate B obtained in the step (2) by hot constant-temperature air blasting, and mixing the dried precipitate B with a phosphoric acid buffer solution which contains complex enzyme with the mass concentration of 2% and has the pH value of 6.5 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1, mixing the components, wherein the complex enzyme is papain, alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase in a mass ratio of 1: 2: 2, carrying out enzymolysis for 1.5h at 35 ℃, inactivating enzyme in a boiling water bath for 5min, centrifuging the obtained enzymolysis slurry for 10min at the rotation speed of 4000r/min, and separating to obtain supernatant C and precipitate D;
(5) spray drying-extraction combined water-soluble dietary fiber
Filtering the supernatant C obtained in the step (4) with an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 300KDa to obtain ultrafiltration permeate, spray drying the ultrafiltration permeate under the conditions of the air inlet temperature of 120 ℃, the air outlet temperature of 60 ℃ and the compressed air flow rate of 600mL/h, feeding the obtained powder into an extraction kettle, and introducing a carrier (adopting methanol) and supercritical CO2The weight of the entrainer is 15 percent of the weight of the powder, the pressure is 35Mpa, the flow rate of mixed fluid after gas mixing is 20L/h, and the water-soluble dietary fiber is obtained after extraction.
(6) Spray drying water-making insoluble dietary fiber
Washing the precipitate D obtained in the step (4) with absolute ethyl alcohol for 4 times, then washing with water for 3 times, and drying by adopting an airflow spray dryer under the conditions that the air inlet temperature is 120 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 60 ℃ and the compressed air flow is 600mL/h to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
The content of the obtained bamboo shoot shell pigment is 0.285g/g, the content of the water-soluble dietary fiber is 5.42 percent, and the content of the water-insoluble dietary fiber is 36.62 percent. Comparative example 2 the pH of the enzyme solution was changed such that the activity of the complex enzyme was reduced and the dietary fiber itself was also disrupted, resulting in a reduction in product content.
The extraction method of the invention can obviously improve the contents of the bamboo shoot shell pigment, the water-soluble dietary fiber and the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method for continuously extracting pigments and dietary fibers from bamboo shoot shells is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the crushed bamboo shoot shell powder passing through a 60-100-mesh screen and a NaOH solution in a vacuum packaging bag according to a mass ratio of 1: 10-1: 30, carrying out pressure-maintaining filtration under the pressure of 100-400 MPa after vacuum packaging, and centrifuging the filtrate to obtain a supernatant A and a precipitate B;
evaporating and crystallizing the supernatant A to obtain bamboo shoot shell pigment;
drying the precipitate B, and mixing the dried precipitate B with a phosphoric acid buffer solution which contains a compound enzyme with the mass concentration of 1-4% and has the pH value of 3.5-4.5 according to the weight ratio of 15-10: 1, mixing the complex enzyme, wherein the complex enzyme comprises: papain, alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase, wherein the mass ratio of the papain to the alpha-amylase to the amyloglucosidase is 1-2: 2-4: carrying out enzymolysis at 1-3 ℃ and 35-45 ℃, inactivating enzyme after the enzymolysis is finished, and centrifuging the obtained enzymolysis slurry to obtain supernatant C and precipitate D;
subjecting the supernatant C to ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 200-500 KDaFiltering to obtain ultrafiltration permeate, spray drying at air inlet temperature of 120-180 ℃, air outlet temperature of 60-80 ℃ and compressed air flow rate of 500-800 mL/h, feeding the obtained powder into an extraction kettle, and introducing a carrier and supercritical CO2Extracting the mixed fluid obtained after the gas mixing under the pressure of 25-35 Mpa to obtain water-soluble dietary fibers;
and (3) carrying out spray drying on the precipitate D, and drying under the conditions that the air inlet temperature is 120-180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the compressed air flow is 500-800 mL/h to obtain the water-insoluble dietary fiber.
2. The method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot shell pigment and dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo shoot shell powder and NaOH solution are subjected to pressure maintaining for 1-4 min under the pressure of 100-400 MPa.
3. The method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot shell pigment and dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.05 mol/L.
4. The method for continuously extracting the bamboo shoot shell pigment and the dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the enzymolysis time is 1-2 h.
5. The method for continuously extracting the pigment and the dietary fiber from the bamboo shoot shell according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed is 3000-4000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 10-20 min.
6. The method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot skin pigment and dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the carrier is 15% of the weight of the powder.
7. The method for continuously extracting the bamboo shoot shell pigment and the dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the mixed fluid is 20-35L/h.
8. The method for continuously extracting bamboo shoot skin pigment and dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is methanol.
CN202011112925.7A 2020-10-16 2020-10-16 Method for continuously extracting pigment and dietary fiber from bamboo shoot shells Pending CN112120232A (en)

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Application publication date: 20201225