CN111700213A - Rice processing technology - Google Patents
Rice processing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111700213A CN111700213A CN202010599214.0A CN202010599214A CN111700213A CN 111700213 A CN111700213 A CN 111700213A CN 202010599214 A CN202010599214 A CN 202010599214A CN 111700213 A CN111700213 A CN 111700213A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- 206010039921 Selenium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940082569 selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L selenite(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Se]([O-])=O MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/101—Addition of antibiotics, vitamins, amino-acids, or minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/14—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/24—Preserving with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/24—Preserving with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B9/26—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/143—Cereal granules or flakes to be cooked and eaten hot, e.g. oatmeal; Reformed rice products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
- A23P20/10—Coating with edible coatings, e.g. with oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rice processing technology, which takes selenium-rich rice as raw materials, firstly, rice milling is carried out by three machines in series to prepare hulled rice, then rice milling is carried out by two machines in series to obtain polished rice and a paste-embryo mixture, then the paste-embryo mixture is superfine ground to prepare superfine powder with the grain diameter less than or equal to 10 mu m, the superfine powder is dispersed in basic aqueous solution to prepare pretreatment solution, finally, the polished rice is soaked in the pretreatment solution for vacuum freeze drying, thus film is formed on the surface of the polished rice to obtain pretreated polished rice, then the pretreated polished rice is washed by the basic aqueous solution, and the rice is naturally dried. In the processing process of the invention, the aleurone layer and the embryo which are rich in nutrient substances are prepared into superfine powder and then coated on the surface of the polished rice again, and finally, the surface is formed by using a basic aqueous solution, thereby effectively avoiding the loss and deterioration of nutrient substances such as selenium, protein and the like in the processing and storage processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing, in particular to a rice processing technology.
Background
Rice is one of the major food sources worldwide and is processed from rice. The rice is characterized in that the outer layer to the inner layer of the rice are a skin layer, an aleurone layer, an endosperm layer and an embryo layer in sequence, wherein the skin layer and the aleurone layer belong to the bran layer, the bran layer and the embryo layer are removed during rice milling to obtain polished rice, the bran layer is mainly cellulose and hemicellulose, the endosperm contains a large amount of saccharides, the embryo contains abundant B vitamins, vitamin E and a large amount of enzymes, the aleurone layer contains abundant minerals and more proteins, the rice mainly contains saccharides, wherein the starch accounts for about 75% of the weight of the rice, the starch of the polished round-grained rice is composed of 17% of amylose and 83% of amylopectin, the polished round-grained rice is easier to digest after being made into rice, the proteins of the rice are better in plant proteins besides the grain proteins, and comprise albumin and globulin, and the protein amino acid of the rice, and have higher physiological nutritive value of the proteins, particularly the nutritive value of the proteins in the rice embryo and the aleurone, the brown rice only peeled off the chaff has better content of various nutrients, and can meet the basic requirements of human health.
Selenium is widely distributed in the earth's crust but is relatively rare and has been shown to be one of the trace elements essential to animals and humans. Selenium can improve immunity, scavenge free radicals, protect optic nerve, liver and heart, and prevent and treat diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver disease, Kaishan disease, Kaschin disease, etc. Selenium mainly has two chemical forms of inorganic and organic in a living body, and the inorganic selenium comprises selenide, selenite, selenate and the like; organic selenium mainly exists in the forms of selenoamino acid (selenioaminoacid), Selenoprotein (selenin) and the like. Inorganic selenium is difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by animals and human bodies, and the body can absorb and utilize organic selenium through active transportation of intestinal walls. The existing animal toxicity experiments show that inorganic selenium has high toxicity and is not easy to absorb, so that the inorganic selenium is not suitable for any animal to safely use. In our country, there are 72% areas with selenium deficiency or low selenium, and people in these areas often have insufficient selenium intake from local food, so selenium supplement has great significance for improving people's health level. In recent years, selenium-rich rice is planted and popularized to attract the attention of many people, but most of selenium in the selenium-rich rice is concentrated in an aleurone layer, the aleurone layer is removed in common polished rice processing, and in addition, the selenium is a thermally unstable element and can be greatly lost in the rice processing and storage processes.
In addition, in the storage process of rice, besides selenium loss, protein, fat and the like are easy to deteriorate, so that the quality of rice is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice processing technology to solve the technical problems of nutrient loss, deterioration and the like of selenium-rich rice in the conventional processing and storage processes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a rice processing technology, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, selenium-rich paddy is taken as a raw material, and three machines are connected in series for milling rice to prepare peeled rice;
(2) then, the peeled rice is milled by two machines in series to obtain refined rice and a paste-blank mixture;
(3) micronizing the paste powder-embryo mixture into superfine powder with particle size less than or equal to 10 μm;
(4) dispersing the superfine powder into a base aqueous solution with the weight being 3-5 times that of the superfine powder to obtain a pretreatment solution;
(5) finally, soaking polished rice in the pretreatment liquid obtained in the step (4), carrying out vacuum freeze drying, forming a film on the surface of the polished rice to obtain pretreated polished rice, washing the pretreated polished rice by using a basic aqueous solution, and naturally drying the pretreated polished rice;
wherein the basic aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of chondroitin sulfate, 4-6 parts of inulin, 5-8 parts of protamine, 8-10 parts of polyglutamic acid and 100 parts of quinoa-tremella water extract.
Preferably, the selenium content in the selenium-rich paddy is 0.04-0.30 mg/kg.
Preferably, the preparation method of the base aqueous solution is as follows: according to the formula amount, firstly adding inulin into the chenopodium quinoa-tremella water extract while stirring, stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, then adding chondroitin sulfate, protamine and polyglutamic acid, and stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, thereby obtaining the basic aqueous solution.
Preferably, the preparation method of the quinoa-tremella water extract comprises the following steps of: cleaning 1 part of dried tremella, draining water, shredding, adding 5-8 parts of water, adding 1.5-2 parts of soaked quinoa, heating to boil, keeping boiling for 5-6 hours with soft fire, naturally cooling to room temperature (25 ℃), and filtering to obtain filtrate, thereby obtaining the quinoa-tremella water extract.
Preferably, the quinoa is added into water with the weight of 4-5 times of that of the quinoa to be soaked for 1-2 hours in advance.
Preferably, in the step (1), the process conditions of the three-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller of the machine is 0.4-0.5 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 150-200 m/min;
the pressure of the second-machine sand roller is 0.005-0.007 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 1400-1500 m/min;
the pressure of the three-machine iron roller is 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 250-300 m/min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the process conditions of the two-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller of the machine is 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 100-150 m/min;
the pressure of the two-machine sand roller is 0.04-0.05 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 800-1000 m/min.
Preferably, the specific method of step (3) is: pouring the paste powder-blank mixture into water with the weight of 4-5 times and the temperature of 0-4 ℃, mixing and pulping, freezing at-40 to-50 ℃ for 8-10 hours, vacuumizing to 3-5 Pa, keeping the vacuum degree, heating to 20-30 ℃, preserving the heat for 6-8 hours, and carrying out superfine grinding.
Further preferably, the jet mill is used for carrying out superfine grinding, and the specific process conditions are as follows: the air pressure was 900kPa, the feed rate was 220r/min, the classification frequency was 35Hz, and the pulverizing time was 50 minutes.
Preferably, the specific method of step (4) is: adding the superfine powder into the basic aqueous solution, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 2-3 hours.
Preferably, in the step (5), the polished rice is soaked in the pretreatment solution for 3-5 hours and then is subjected to vacuum freeze drying.
Preferably, in the step (5), the vacuum freeze-drying process conditions are as follows: freezing at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ to minus 50 ℃ for 8-10 hours, vacuumizing to 3-5 Pa, keeping the vacuum degree, heating to 20-30 ℃, and preserving the heat for 6-8 hours.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of taking selenium-enriched rice as a raw material, carrying out rice milling by three machines in series to prepare hulled rice, carrying out rice milling by two machines in series to obtain polished rice and a paste powder-embryo mixture, carrying out superfine grinding on the paste powder-embryo mixture to prepare superfine powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 10 mu m, dispersing the superfine powder into a basic aqueous solution to prepare a pretreatment solution, finally soaking the polished rice into the pretreatment solution for vacuum freeze drying, thus forming a film on the surface of the polished rice to obtain pretreated polished rice, washing the pretreated polished rice by using the basic aqueous solution, and carrying out natural air drying. In the processing process of the invention, the aleurone layer and the embryo which are rich in nutrient substances are prepared into superfine powder and then coated on the surface of the polished rice again, and finally, the surface is formed by using a basic aqueous solution, thereby effectively avoiding the loss and deterioration of nutrient substances such as selenium, protein and the like in the processing and storage processes.
The basic aqueous solution is prepared by mixing chondroitin sulfate, inulin, protamine, polyglutamic acid and a quinoa-tremella water extract, wherein the quinoa-tremella water extract is prepared by mixing quinoa and tremella and extracting water, the tremella contains polyphenol, tremella polysaccharide and various amino acids, the polyphenol has an antioxidant effect, the viscous film forming effect of the tremella polysaccharide plays a physical isolation effect, the quinoa is a plant food containing high-quality complete protein and contains abundant amino acids, and the amino group, the carboxylic acid and the like in the amino acids can form a hydrogen bond effect with phenolic hydroxyl groups in the polyphenol, so that the hydrogen supply capacity of the phenolic hydroxyl groups is further enhanced under the hydrogen bond effect, the antioxidant effect is enhanced, the physical isolation effect is further enhanced, and the storage difficulty is reduced. The protamine has good corrosion resistance, prevents fat in the aleurone layer and the embryo from rancidity, contains amino, carboxylic acid and the like, can form a net structure with other components by virtue of hydrogen bond action, and enhances the physical isolation effect of the coating film. The chondroitin sulfate contains hydroxyl, imino, carboxyl and the like, the inulin contains a large amount of hydroxyl, the polyglutamic acid contains a large amount of amino and hydroxyl, the components form a hydrogen bond function with each other to form a compact network structure, and the viscous effects of the tremella polysaccharide and the chondroitin sulfate play a good physical isolation role after film forming, so that the loss and deterioration of nutrient substances are effectively avoided.
Micronizing the aleurone-embryo mixture to obtain superfine powder, uniformly dispersing in a basic aqueous solution to obtain a pretreatment solution, adding polished rice into the pretreatment solution, soaking, allowing part of the pretreatment solution to permeate into the polished rice, and coating the surface with the other part of the pretreatment solution to obtain a good protective effect; finally, the pretreated polished rice is washed by the basic aqueous solution, and a film can be formed on the outermost layer, so that a more comprehensive protection effect is formed on the aleurone-embryo components on the surface of the pretreated polished rice, and the loss and deterioration of nutrient substances are avoided. In addition, the pretreated polished rice is obtained by treating the pretreatment solution, the pretreatment solution is mainly basic aqueous solution, and has the same components as the subsequently used basic aqueous solution, so that hydrogen bond effect and complicated net structure can be further formed, falling is avoided, and the protection effect is enhanced.
The iron roller rice mill belongs to a pressure type, rice grains bear large pressure, and broken rice is easy to generate; the sand roller rice mill belongs to a speed type, has small average pressure on rice grains, generates less broken rice, and can form scratches on the surfaces of the rice grains. In the preparation process of the peeled rice, the invention adopts the rice milling combination of three machines of the iron roller, the sand roller and the iron roller which are connected in series, firstly crushes the peel layer with larger pressure, then peels off with larger linear velocity, and finally realizes the complete peeling of the peel layer with larger pressure. In the preparation process of the polished rice, a rice milling combination of an iron roller and a sand roller which are connected in series is adopted, firstly, an aleurone layer is crushed under a large pressure, then, the aleurone layer is peeled off at a large linear speed, and simultaneously, the embryo is taken away, and the aleurone-embryo mixture is obtained while the peeled rice is processed into the polished rice.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
For convenience of comparison, the selenium-rich paddy rice in the specific embodiment is harvested from a certain field, and the variety: d you No. 11, the selenium content in soil is 0.3mg/kg, the selenium content in rice is 0.14mg/kg (the reference of the selenium content detection method is GB 13105-91), and the soluble protein content is 150mg/100g (the reference of the soluble protein detection method is GB/T5009.5-2016).
Example 1:
a rice processing technology comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, selenium-rich paddy is taken as a raw material, and three machines are connected in series for milling rice to prepare peeled rice;
(2) then, the peeled rice is milled by two machines in series to obtain refined rice and a paste-blank mixture;
(3) micronizing the paste powder-embryo mixture into superfine powder with particle size less than or equal to 10 μm;
(4) then dispersing the superfine powder into 3 times of the weight of the basic aqueous solution to obtain a pretreatment solution;
(5) finally, soaking polished rice in the pretreatment liquid obtained in the step (4), carrying out vacuum freeze drying, forming a film on the surface of the polished rice to obtain pretreated polished rice, washing the pretreated polished rice by using a basic aqueous solution, and naturally drying the pretreated polished rice;
wherein the basic aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of chondroitin sulfate, 6 parts of inulin, 5 parts of protamine, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid and 100 parts of quinoa-tremella water extract.
The preparation method of the base aqueous solution comprises the following steps: according to the formula amount, firstly adding inulin into the chenopodium quinoa-tremella water extract while stirring, stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, then adding chondroitin sulfate, protamine and polyglutamic acid, and stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, thereby obtaining the basic aqueous solution.
The preparation method of the quinoa-tremella water extract comprises the following steps of: cleaning 1 part of dried tremella, draining water, shredding, adding 5 parts of water, adding 2 parts of quinoa which is soaked in advance, heating to boil, keeping boiling for 5 hours with soft fire, naturally cooling to room temperature (25 ℃), and filtering to obtain filtrate, thereby obtaining the quinoa-tremella water extract.
Soaking quinoa in 5 times of water for 1 hr.
In the step (1), the technological conditions of the three-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller is 0.5MPa, and the average linear velocity of a roller is 150 m/min;
the pressure of the second machine sand roller is 0.007MPa, and the average linear velocity of the roller is 1400 m/min;
the pressure of the three-machine iron roller is 0.3MPa, and the average linear velocity of the roller is 250 m/min.
In the step (2), the process conditions of the two-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller is 0.3MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 100 m/min;
the pressure of the two-machine sand roller is 0.05MPa, and the average linear velocity of the roller is 800 m/min.
The specific method of the step (3) is as follows: pouring the paste powder-embryo mixture into 0 ℃ water of 5 times of the weight of the paste powder-embryo mixture, mixing and pulping, freezing at-50 ℃ for 8 hours, vacuumizing to 5Pa, keeping the vacuum degree, heating to 20 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and carrying out superfine grinding.
Carrying out superfine grinding by using a jet mill, wherein the specific process conditions are as follows: the air pressure was 900kPa, the feed rate was 220r/min, the classification frequency was 35Hz, and the pulverizing time was 50 minutes.
The specific method of the step (4) is as follows: adding the superfine powder into the basic aqueous solution, and oscillating for 2 hours by ultrasonic wave.
In the step (5), the polished rice is firstly soaked in the pretreatment solution for 5 hours and then is subjected to vacuum freeze drying.
In the step (5), the process conditions of vacuum freeze drying are as follows: freezing at-40 deg.C for 10 hr, vacuumizing to 3Pa, maintaining vacuum degree, heating to 30 deg.C, and holding for 6 hr.
Example 2:
a rice processing technology comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, selenium-rich paddy is taken as a raw material, and three machines are connected in series for milling rice to prepare peeled rice;
(2) then, the peeled rice is milled by two machines in series to obtain refined rice and a paste-blank mixture;
(3) micronizing the paste powder-embryo mixture into superfine powder with particle size less than or equal to 10 μm;
(4) then dispersing the superfine powder into a basic aqueous solution with the weight 5 times that of the superfine powder to obtain a pretreatment solution;
(5) finally, soaking polished rice in the pretreatment liquid obtained in the step (4), carrying out vacuum freeze drying, forming a film on the surface of the polished rice to obtain pretreated polished rice, washing the pretreated polished rice by using a basic aqueous solution, and naturally drying the pretreated polished rice;
wherein the basic aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of chondroitin sulfate, 4 parts of inulin, 8 parts of protamine, 8 parts of polyglutamic acid and 100 parts of quinoa-tremella water extract.
The preparation method of the base aqueous solution comprises the following steps: according to the formula amount, firstly adding inulin into the chenopodium quinoa-tremella water extract while stirring, stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, then adding chondroitin sulfate, protamine and polyglutamic acid, and stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, thereby obtaining the basic aqueous solution.
The preparation method of the quinoa-tremella water extract comprises the following steps of: cleaning 1 part of dried tremella, draining water, shredding, adding 8 parts of water, adding 1.5 parts of soaked quinoa, heating to boil, maintaining boiling for 6 hours with soft fire, naturally cooling to room temperature (25 ℃), and filtering to obtain filtrate, thereby obtaining the quinoa-tremella water extract.
The quinoa is added into water with the weight of 4 times of that of the quinoa to be soaked for 2 hours in advance.
In the step (1), the technological conditions of the three-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller is 0.4MPa, and the average linear velocity of a roller is 200 m/min;
the pressure of the second machine sand roller is 0.005MPa, and the average linear velocity of the roller is 1500 m/min;
the pressure of the three-machine iron roller is 0.2MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 300 m/min.
In the step (2), the process conditions of the two-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller of the machine is 0.2MPa, and the average linear velocity of a roller is 150 m/min;
the pressure of the second sand roller is 0.04MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 1000 m/min.
The specific method of the step (3) is as follows: pouring the paste powder-embryo mixture into 4 times of 4 ℃ water, mixing and pulping, freezing at-40 ℃ for 10 hours, vacuumizing to 3Pa, keeping the vacuum degree, heating to 30 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and carrying out superfine grinding.
Carrying out superfine grinding by using a jet mill, wherein the specific process conditions are as follows: the air pressure was 900kPa, the feed rate was 220r/min, the classification frequency was 35Hz, and the pulverizing time was 50 minutes.
The specific method of the step (4) is as follows: adding the superfine powder into the basic aqueous solution, and oscillating for 3 hours by ultrasonic wave.
In the step (5), the polished rice is firstly soaked in the pretreatment solution for 3 hours and then is subjected to vacuum freeze drying.
In the step (5), the process conditions of vacuum freeze drying are as follows: freezing at-50 deg.C for 8 hr, vacuumizing to 5Pa, maintaining vacuum degree, heating to 20 deg.C, and holding for 8 hr.
Example 3:
a rice processing technology comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, selenium-rich paddy is taken as a raw material, and three machines are connected in series for milling rice to prepare peeled rice;
(2) then, the peeled rice is milled by two machines in series to obtain refined rice and a paste-blank mixture;
(3) micronizing the paste powder-embryo mixture into superfine powder with particle size less than or equal to 10 μm;
(4) then dispersing the superfine powder into 4 times of the weight of basic aqueous solution to obtain a pretreatment solution;
(5) finally, soaking polished rice in the pretreatment liquid obtained in the step (4), carrying out vacuum freeze drying, forming a film on the surface of the polished rice to obtain pretreated polished rice, washing the pretreated polished rice by using a basic aqueous solution, and naturally drying the pretreated polished rice;
wherein the basic aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of chondroitin sulfate, 5 parts of inulin, 6 parts of protamine, 9 parts of polyglutamic acid and 100 parts of quinoa-tremella water extract.
The preparation method of the base aqueous solution comprises the following steps: according to the formula amount, firstly adding inulin into the chenopodium quinoa-tremella water extract while stirring, stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, then adding chondroitin sulfate, protamine and polyglutamic acid, and stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, thereby obtaining the basic aqueous solution.
The preparation method of the quinoa-tremella water extract comprises the following steps of: cleaning 1 part of dried tremella, draining water, shredding, adding 6 parts of water, adding 1.8 parts of soaked quinoa, heating to boil, keeping boiling for 5.5 hours with soft fire, naturally cooling to room temperature (25 ℃), and filtering to obtain filtrate to obtain the quinoa-tremella water extract.
The quinoa is added into water with the weight of 4.5 times of that of the quinoa to be soaked for 1.5 hours in advance.
In the step (1), the technological conditions of the three-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller of the machine is 0.45MPa, and the average linear velocity of the roller is 180 m/min;
the pressure of the second machine sand roller is 0.006MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 1400 m/min;
the pressure of the three-machine iron roller is 0.25MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 280 m/min.
In the step (2), the process conditions of the two-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller of the machine is 0.25MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 120 m/min;
the pressure of the two-machine sand roller is 0.045MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 900 m/min.
The specific method of the step (3) is as follows: pouring the paste powder-embryo mixture into 4.5 times of water with the weight of 2 ℃, mixing and pulping, freezing for 9 hours at minus 45 ℃, vacuumizing to 4Pa, keeping the vacuum degree, heating to 25 ℃, preserving the heat for 7 hours, and carrying out superfine grinding.
Carrying out superfine grinding by using a jet mill, wherein the specific process conditions are as follows: the air pressure was 900kPa, the feed rate was 220r/min, the classification frequency was 35Hz, and the pulverizing time was 50 minutes.
The specific method of the step (4) is as follows: adding the superfine powder into the basic aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic oscillation for 2.5 hours.
In the step (5), the polished rice is firstly soaked in the pretreatment solution for 4 hours and then is subjected to vacuum freeze drying.
In the step (5), the process conditions of vacuum freeze drying are as follows: freezing at-45 deg.C for 9 hr, vacuumizing to 4Pa, maintaining vacuum degree, heating to 25 deg.C, and holding for 7 hr.
Comparative example 1
Omitting the steps (2), (3) and (4), directly soaking the peeled rice in the basic aqueous solution (the soaking time is 5 hours), taking out and naturally drying;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
Chondroitin sulfate is omitted when preparing the base aqueous solution;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
Protamine is omitted when preparing the basic aqueous solution;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
Omitting polyglutamic acid when preparing the base aqueous solution;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 5
Replacing quinoa-tremella water extract with water when preparing basic aqueous solution;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Test examples
1. Investigation of storage stability
Referring to GB/T15684-.
TABLE 1 storage stability investigation
As can be seen from Table 1, the rice obtained by the processing methods of examples 1 to 3 still maintained a low free fatty acid content at month 12 and had good storage stability. Comparative example 1 the steps (2), (3) and (4) are omitted, the peeled rice is directly soaked in the basic aqueous solution (soaking time is 5 hours), and the peeled rice is taken out and naturally dried; the storage stability of the resulting product is significantly deteriorated because the stability of the film formation is poor by simply relying on a surface layer to form a film.
The storage stability of the obtained product is obviously deteriorated by omitting chondroitin sulfate in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution in the comparative example 2, omitting protamine in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution in the comparative example 3, omitting polyglutamic acid in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution in the comparative example 4 and replacing quinoa-tremella water extract with water in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution in the comparative example 5, which shows that the components of the basic aqueous solution have synergistic effect, play an effective physical isolation role and improve the stability of the product.
2. Product nutrient investigation
The nutritional profile of the rice obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 2 to 5 after 6 months storage under the above storage conditions was examined, and the results are shown in Table 2. Wherein, the method for detecting the selenium content refers to GB 13105-91, and the method for detecting the soluble protein refers to GB/T5009.5-2016.
TABLE 2 product Nutrition investigation
As is clear from Table 2, the contents of selenium and soluble protein in examples 1 to 3 were not much changed from the raw material selenium-rich rice (selenium content: 0.14mg/kg, soluble protein content: 150mg/100 g).
The content of selenium and soluble protein of the obtained product is obviously reduced by omitting chondroitin sulfate in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution, omitting protamine in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution in the comparative example 2, omitting polyglutamic acid in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution in the comparative example 3, omitting polyglutamic acid in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution in the comparative example 4 and replacing quinoa-tremella water extract with water in the preparation of the basic aqueous solution in the comparative example 5, which shows that all components of the basic aqueous solution have synergistic effect, play an effective physical isolation role and avoid the loss of nutrient substances.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rice processing technology is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, selenium-rich paddy is taken as a raw material, and three machines are connected in series for milling rice to prepare peeled rice;
(2) then, the peeled rice is milled by two machines in series to obtain refined rice and a paste-blank mixture;
(3) micronizing the paste powder-embryo mixture into superfine powder with particle size less than or equal to 10 μm;
(4) dispersing the superfine powder into a base aqueous solution with the weight being 3-5 times that of the superfine powder to obtain a pretreatment solution;
(5) finally, soaking polished rice in the pretreatment liquid obtained in the step (4), carrying out vacuum freeze drying, forming a film on the surface of the polished rice to obtain pretreated polished rice, washing the pretreated polished rice by using a basic aqueous solution, and naturally drying the pretreated polished rice;
wherein the basic aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of chondroitin sulfate, 4-6 parts of inulin, 5-8 parts of protamine, 8-10 parts of polyglutamic acid and 100 parts of quinoa-tremella water extract.
2. The rice processing technology of claim 1, wherein the selenium content in the selenium-rich rice is 0.04-0.30 mg/kg.
3. The rice processing technology according to claim 1, wherein the base aqueous solution is prepared by the following method: according to the formula amount, firstly adding inulin into the chenopodium quinoa-tremella water extract while stirring, stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, then adding chondroitin sulfate, protamine and polyglutamic acid, and stirring until the inulin is completely dissolved, thereby obtaining the basic aqueous solution.
4. The rice processing technology of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the quinoa-tremella water extract comprises the following steps in parts by weight: cleaning 1 part of dried tremella, draining water, shredding, adding 5-8 parts of water, adding 1.5-2 parts of soaked quinoa, heating to boil, keeping boiling for 5-6 hours with soft fire, naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate, thereby obtaining the quinoa-tremella water extract.
5. The rice processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), the technological conditions of the three-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller of the machine is 0.4-0.5 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 150-200 m/min;
the pressure of the second-machine sand roller is 0.005-0.007 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 1400-1500 m/min;
the pressure of the three-machine iron roller is 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 250-300 m/min.
6. The rice processing technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the technological conditions of the two-machine series rice milling are as follows:
the pressure of an iron roller of the machine is 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 100-150 m/min;
the pressure of the two-machine sand roller is 0.04-0.05 MPa, and the average linear speed of the roller is 800-1000 m/min.
7. The rice processing technology according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the step (3) is as follows: pouring the paste powder-blank mixture into water with the weight of 4-5 times and the temperature of 0-4 ℃, mixing and pulping, freezing at-40 to-50 ℃ for 8-10 hours, vacuumizing to 3-5 Pa, keeping the vacuum degree, heating to 20-30 ℃, preserving the heat for 6-8 hours, and carrying out superfine grinding.
8. The rice processing technology according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the step (4) is as follows: adding the superfine powder into the basic aqueous solution, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 2-3 hours.
9. The rice processing technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the polished rice is soaked in the pretreatment solution for 3-5 hours and then subjected to vacuum freeze drying.
10. The rice processing technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the vacuum freeze-drying process conditions are as follows: freezing at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ to minus 50 ℃ for 8-10 hours, vacuumizing to 3-5 Pa, keeping the vacuum degree, heating to 20-30 ℃, and preserving the heat for 6-8 hours.
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