CN111150069A - Method for preparing asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting enzymolysis method and spray drying - Google Patents
Method for preparing asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting enzymolysis method and spray drying Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/25—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
A method for preparing dietary fiber from Germinatus Phragmitis by-product by enzymolysis and spray drying is provided. The method comprises eleven steps, wherein fresh and clean asparagus byproducts are selected as raw materials in the first step, the asparagus byproducts are cleaned in the second step, the cleaned asparagus byproducts are dried in the third step, the asparagus byproducts are dried and then crushed in the fourth step to obtain asparagus byproduct slag powder, water is added into the asparagus slag powder in the fifth step, the mixture is uniformly mixed and sterilized, cellulase is added in the sixth step for enzymolysis, amylase is added in the seventh step for enzymolysis, protease is added in the eighth step for enzymolysis, an asparagus enzymolysis liquid is centrifuged in the ninth step, supernate and precipitate are collected, the tenth step is re-suspended by water, the precipitate is collected, the precipitate is dried and crushed by adopting a vacuum drying method, so that insoluble dietary fibers of the asparagus are obtained, the supernate is filtered, and filtrate is collected; and (4) carrying out spray drying on the filtrate, and collecting spray-dried powder to obtain the soluble dietary fiber of the asparagus. The method is used for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing asparagus by-product dietary fiber by adopting an enzymolysis method and spray drying.
Background
Dietary fiber is a polysaccharide, a carbohydrate or its analogue having anti-digestive properties and not digestible in the small intestine, and is known as "seventh macronutrient". The dietary fiber can be divided into soluble dietary fiber and non-soluble dietary fiber according to different water solubility. The two have specific physiological functions and health care functions in human body, but the specific functions are different. The water-soluble dietary fiber has the function of regulating the metabolism of saccharides and lipids, and has good effects of reducing the cholesterol content of a human body and preventing cardiovascular diseases. The water-insoluble dietary fiber has the property of absorbing water of human body and good effect of preventing constipation. In recent years, researchers in various countries find that dietary fiber affects the whole digestive tract system, and in the small intestine, the dietary fiber can inhibit the digestive process of the gastrointestinal tract, increase satiety, adsorb bile acid and promote the discharge of cholesterol and bile acid. In the colon, soluble fiber acts as a prebiotic, increasing the number of probiotics such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, while insoluble dietary fiber effectively increases stool volume, promoting more regular defecation.
Asparagus also called asparagus, Liliaceae asparagus perennial root herbaceous plant, rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamin, mineral substance and other nutrient components, vegetarian has the reputation of vegetable king. Has certain pharmacological effects on cancer, virus, hypertension, heart disease, fatigue, edema and the like, and indicates that the compound has potential application value in the field of medical food. At present, asparagus is mainly used for being processed into cans and quick-frozen products except for being eaten fresh, the asparagus leftovers generated in the process exceed 30% of the raw material quality, and most of the asparagus leftovers are treated as wastes, so that precious resources are wasted, the raw material cost is improved, the enterprise burden is increased, and the environment is influenced by pollution. The asparagus by-products are mainly asparagus leaves and old stems, and both contain rich dietary fiber. Therefore, by extracting the dietary fiber from the asparagus and the byproducts, namely the leaves and old stems of the asparagus, on one hand, theoretical basis is provided for full and reasonable utilization of the asparagus processing leftovers, which is beneficial to environmental protection and resource utilization and has higher economic benefit and social significance; on the other hand, the application of asparagus dietary fiber in the field of medical food is developed, a novel medical food component with independent intellectual property rights is developed, the urgent needs of the current medical food industry can be met, the international market competitiveness of domestic medical food can be improved, a new way for high-value utilization of asparagus is developed, the development of the economy of asparagus in China is promoted, and the asparagus industry is promoted to advance to a higher end.
At present, there are many methods for extracting dietary fiber at home and abroad, mainly including eleven major types of chemical methods, physical methods and biological methods. The chemical method is simple, convenient and quick, has low cost and is suitable for large-scale extraction, but the method has low extraction rate and time consumption, and the extracting solution contains more impurities and has large product loss. The physical method is that the materials are subjected to high temperature, high pressure and high shear action through external action, so that the dietary fiber is thoroughly micronized, the mouthfeel of the fiber food is greatly improved, the content of the soluble dietary fiber is increased, and the limitation of equipment conditions is great. The biological method has mild conditions, good product quality, simple operation and no pollution to the environment, but has the problems of complex influencing factors, difficult industrialization and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing asparagus by-product dietary fiber by combining an enzymolysis method with spray drying, which has the advantages of good product quality, simple preparation process, convenient operation and easy realization of industrial production.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus by-product by an enzymatic hydrolysis method and spray drying comprises eleven steps, wherein fresh and clean asparagus by-product is selected as a raw material in the first step, the asparagus by-product is cleaned in the second step, the cleaned asparagus by-product is dried in the third step, the asparagus by-product is dried and then crushed in the fourth step to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder, water is added into the asparagus slag powder in the fifth step, the mixture is uniformly mixed and sterilized, cellulase is added in the sixth step for enzymolysis, amylase is added in the seventh step for enzymolysis, protease is added in the eighth step for enzymolysis, the asparagus enzymolysis liquid is centrifuged in the ninth step, supernatant and precipitate are collected, the precipitate in the tenth step is resuspended with water, centrifuged, the precipitate is collected, the precipitate is resuspended with water and centrifuged, the precipitate is collected for at least 3 times, the final precipitate is collected, the vacuum drying method is adopted, and the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber is obtained, filtering the supernatant in the tenth step, and collecting filtrate; and (4) carrying out spray drying on the filtrate, and collecting spray-dried powder to obtain the soluble dietary fiber of the asparagus.
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with spray drying is characterized in that the cleaning in the second step is to select high-quality fresh asparagus byproducts as raw materials, strictly wash the raw materials to remove sandy soil and dead leaves attached to the surfaces of the raw materials and ensure the stability of product quality, and the drying in the third step is to put the cleaned asparagus byproducts in a ventilated place for airing and carry out microwave vacuum drying on the aired asparagus byproducts.
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and combining spray drying, wherein the drying temperature in the third step is 50-60 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 500-600 mmHg; and drying and crushing the asparagus by-product in the fourth step, and sieving the dried asparagus by-product with a 60-120-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder.
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with spray drying is characterized in that the ratio of the asparagus byproduct slag powder to water in the fifth step is 1:20-1: 30.
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with spray drying is characterized in that when the cellulase is subjected to enzymolysis in the sixth step, the pH value is 3.5-4.0, the enzymolysis temperature of the cellulase is 55-65 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.25-1% of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5-2.5 h.
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with spray drying is characterized in that when the amylase in the seventh step is subjected to enzymolysis, the pH value is 6.2-6.8, the enzymolysis temperature of the amylase is 50-60 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.04-0.08% of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 0.5-1.5 h.
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with spray drying is characterized in that when the protease is subjected to enzymolysis in the eighth step, the pH value is 6.2-7.2, the enzymolysis temperature of the protease is 50-70 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.25-1% of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5-2.5 h.
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying comprises the ninth step of rotating the centrifuge at 7000-8000 rpm for 15-20 min.
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with spray drying is characterized in that the drying temperature of the insoluble dietary fiber in the tenth step is 50-60 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 500-600 mmHg.
The method for preparing the asparagus by-product dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with spray drying is characterized in that the air inlet temperature of the tenth step is controlled at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is controlled at 80-90 ℃, and the feeding speed is mL/min.
Advantageous effects
1. The method adopts an enzymolysis method to remove impurities and modify water solubility of asparagus byproducts, centrifugally separates an enzymolysis sample to obtain insoluble and soluble dietary fibers, dries the insoluble dietary fibers by a vacuum drying technology, and dries the soluble dietary fibers by a spray drying technology, and the obtained product has good quality.
The method takes asparagus byproducts as main raw materials, firstly adopts an enzyme method to carry out cellulose degradation, starch removal and protein removal treatment, and obtains two dietary fibers through centrifugal separation: insoluble and soluble dietary fiber; the enzymolysis modification is simple to operate, mild in operating conditions and convenient to popularize and apply on a large scale.
The cellulase can decompose cellulose components in asparagus to generate monosaccharide or oligosaccharide with small molecular weight, so that the yield of water-soluble dietary fiber is increased; the amylase can decompose starch in asparagus, and protease in the subsequent steps can enter solution reaction more easily after the amylase acts.
Compared with an alcohol precipitation method, the spray drying method for preparing the soluble dietary fiber of the asparagus has the advantages of simple operation, short time consumption and great reduction of the consumption of ethanol; the utilization value of the asparagus by-product is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus by-product by an enzymatic hydrolysis method and spray drying comprises eleven steps, wherein fresh and clean asparagus by-product is selected as a raw material in the first step, the asparagus by-product is cleaned in the second step, the cleaned asparagus by-product is dried in the third step, the asparagus by-product is dried and then crushed in the fourth step to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder, water is added into the asparagus slag powder in the fifth step, the mixture is uniformly mixed and sterilized, cellulase is added in the sixth step for enzymolysis, amylase is added in the seventh step for enzymolysis, protease is added in the eighth step for enzymolysis, the asparagus enzymolysis liquid is centrifuged in the ninth step, supernatant and precipitate are collected, the precipitate in the tenth step is resuspended with water, centrifuged, the precipitate is collected, the precipitate is resuspended with water and centrifuged, the precipitate is collected for at least 3 times, the final precipitate is collected, the vacuum drying method is adopted, and the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber is obtained, filtering the supernatant in the tenth step, and collecting filtrate; and (4) carrying out spray drying on the filtrate, and collecting spray-dried powder to obtain the soluble dietary fiber of the asparagus.
Example 2
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying is described in embodiment 1, the cleaning in the second step is to select high-quality fresh asparagus byproducts as raw materials, strictly wash the raw materials to remove sandy soil and dead leaves attached to the surfaces of the raw materials and ensure the stability of product quality, and the drying in the third step is to put the cleaned asparagus byproducts in a ventilated place for airing and carry out microwave vacuum drying on the aired asparagus byproducts.
Example 3
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 1 has the drying temperature of 50-60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 500-600mmHg in the third step; and drying and crushing the asparagus by-product in the fourth step, and sieving the dried asparagus by-product with a 60-120-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder.
Example 4
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying, which is described in the embodiment 1, the ratio of the asparagus byproduct slag powder to the water in the fifth step is 1:20-1: 30.
Example 5
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying in the embodiment 1, when the cellulase is subjected to enzymolysis in the sixth step, the pH value is 3.5-4.0, the enzymolysis temperature of the cellulase is 55-65 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.25-1% of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5-2.5 h.
Example 6
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying in the embodiment 1, when the amylase in the seventh step is subjected to enzymolysis, the pH value is 6.2-6.8, the enzymolysis temperature of the amylase is 50-60 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.04-0.08 percent of the weight of the material, and the enzymolysis time is 0.5-1.5 hours.
Example 7
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying in the embodiment 1, when the protease is subjected to enzymolysis in the eighth step, the pH value is 6.2-7.2, the enzymolysis temperature of the protease is 50-70 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.25-1% of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5-2.5 h.
Example 8
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 1 has the centrifuge rotating speed of 7000-8000 rpm and the centrifugation time of 15-20 min in the ninth step.
Example 9
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 1 has the drying temperature of 50-60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 500-600mmHg in the tenth step.
Example 10
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 1 has the characteristics that the air inlet temperature in the tenth step is controlled at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is controlled at 80-90 ℃, and the feeding speed is mL/min.
Example 11
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 3 has the drying temperature of 50 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 500mmHg in the third step; and drying and crushing the asparagus by-product in the fourth step, and sieving the dried asparagus by-product with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder.
Example 12
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 3 has the drying temperature of 60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 600mmHg in the third step; and drying and crushing the asparagus by-product in the fourth step, and sieving the crushed asparagus by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder.
Example 13
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 3 has the drying temperature of 55 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 550mmHg in the third step; and drying and crushing the asparagus by-product in the fourth step, and sieving the crushed asparagus by-product with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder.
Example 14
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying, which is disclosed in the embodiment 4, the ratio of the asparagus byproduct slag powder to the water in the fifth step is 1: 20.
Example 15
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying, which is disclosed in the embodiment 4, the ratio of the asparagus byproduct slag powder to the water in the fifth step is 1: 30.
Example 16
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying, which is disclosed in the embodiment 4, the ratio of the asparagus byproduct slag powder to the water in the fifth step is 1: 25.
Example 17
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in the embodiment 5, when the cellulase is subjected to enzymolysis in the sixth step, the pH value is 3.5, the enzymolysis temperature of the cellulase is 55 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.25 percent of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5 hours.
Example 18
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in the embodiment 5, when the cellulase is subjected to enzymolysis in the sixth step, the pH value is 4.0, the enzymolysis temperature of the cellulase is 65 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 1 percent of the weight of the material, and the enzymolysis time is 2.5 hours.
Example 19
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in the embodiment 5, when the cellulase is subjected to enzymolysis in the sixth step, the pH value is 3.8, the enzymolysis temperature of the cellulase is 60 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.5 percent of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.0 h.
Example 20
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying in the embodiment 6, when the amylase in the seventh step is subjected to enzymolysis, the pH value is 6.2, the enzymolysis temperature of the amylase is 50 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.04 percent of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 0.5 h.
Example 21
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying in the embodiment 6, when the amylase in the seventh step is subjected to enzymolysis, the pH value is 6.8, the enzymolysis temperature of the amylase is 60 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.08 percent of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5 hours.
Example 22
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying in the embodiment 6, when the amylase in the seventh step is subjected to enzymolysis, the pH value is 6.5, the enzymolysis temperature of the amylase is 55 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.06 percent of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.0 h.
Example 23
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in the embodiment 7, when the protease is subjected to enzymolysis in the eighth step, the pH value is 6.2, the enzymolysis temperature of the protease is 50 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.25 percent of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5 hours.
Example 24
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method with the spray drying in the embodiment 7, when the protease is subjected to enzymolysis in the eighth step, the pH value is 7.2, the enzymolysis temperature of the protease is 70 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 1% of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 2.5 h.
Example 25
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in the embodiment 7, when the protease is subjected to enzymolysis in the eighth step, the pH value is 6.8, the enzymolysis temperature of the protease is 60 ℃, the enzyme adding amount is 0.5 percent of the material weight, and the enzymolysis time is 2.0 h.
Example 26
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 8 has the rotating speed of 7000 rpm and the centrifugal time of 15 min in the ninth step.
Example 27
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 8 has the rotating speed of the centrifugal machine of 8000 rpm and the centrifugal time of 20 min in the ninth step.
Example 28
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 8 has the rotating speed of the centrifuge of 7500rpm and the centrifugation time of 17 min in the ninth step.
Example 29
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 9 has the drying temperature of 50 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 500mmHg in the tenth step.
Example 30
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 9 has the drying temperature of 60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 600mmHg in the tenth step of insoluble dietary fiber.
Example 31
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying in combination in the embodiment 9 has the drying temperature of the insoluble dietary fiber in the tenth step of 55 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 550 mmHg.
Example 32
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying, which is described in the embodiment 10, the air inlet temperature of the tenth step is controlled at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is controlled at 80 ℃, and the feeding speed is mL/min.
Example 33
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and the spray drying, which is described in the embodiment 10, the air inlet temperature of the tenth step is controlled at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is controlled at 90 ℃, and the feeding speed is mL/min.
Example 34
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and spray drying in the embodiment (1) cleaning: selecting high-quality fresh asparagus byproducts as raw materials, and strictly washing the raw materials to remove sandy soil, dead leaves and the like attached to the surfaces of the raw materials so as to ensure the stability of product quality;
(2) and (3) drying: drying the cleaned asparagus by-product in a ventilated place, and performing microwave vacuum drying on the dried asparagus by-product; the drying temperature of the microwave vacuum drying box is 50-60 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 500-600 mmHg;
(3) drying and crushing the asparagus by-product, and sieving the dried asparagus by-product with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder;
(4) adding water into the asparagus slag powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain an asparagus slag liquid A;
(5) sterilizing the asparagus slag liquid A obtained in the step (4) to obtain an asparagus slag liquid B; the ratio of the asparagus slag powder to the water is 1: 25; sterilizing at 90-100 deg.C for 10-15 min;
(6) controlling the temperature of the asparagus slag liquid B after enzyme deactivation to be 60 ℃, and adding cellulase into the asparagus slag liquid B for reaction to obtain an asparagus slag liquid C after the action reaction of the cellulase; the concentration of the cellulase is preferably 0.25-1% of the weight of the material, the pH of the reaction solution is preferably controlled to be 3.5-4.0, the enzymolysis temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the reaction time is preferably 1.5-2.5 h;
(7) controlling the temperature of the asparagus slag liquid C after the action reaction of the cellulase obtained in the step (6) to be 55 ℃, and adding amylase into the asparagus slag liquid C for reaction to obtain an asparagus slag liquid D after the action reaction of the amylase; the concentration of amylase is preferably 0.04-0.08% of the weight of the material, the pH of the reaction solution is preferably controlled at 6.2-6.8, the enzymolysis temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the reaction time is preferably 0.5-1.5 h;
(8) adding protease into the asparagus slag liquid D obtained in the step (7) after the amylase action reaction for reaction to obtain asparagus slag liquid E after the protease reaction; the concentration of the protease is preferably 0.25-1% of the material weight, the pH of the reaction solution is preferably controlled at 6.2-7.2, and the reaction time is preferably 1.5-2.5 h;
(9) performing high-temperature enzyme deactivation on the asparagus residue liquid E to obtain an asparagus residue liquid F; inactivating enzyme at 90-100 deg.C for 10-15 min;
(10) centrifuging the asparagus slag liquid F, and collecting precipitate and supernatant; the rotation speed of the centrifuge is 7500rpm preferably, and the centrifugation time is 15 min preferably;
(11) re-suspending the precipitate obtained in the step (10) with water, centrifuging, collecting the precipitate, repeating the steps of re-suspending the precipitate with water, centrifuging, collecting the precipitate for at least 3 times, collecting the final precipitate, drying by adopting a vacuum drying method, and crushing to obtain the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber; the drying temperature of the microwave vacuum drying box is 50-60 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 500-600 mmHg;
(12) filtering the supernatant obtained in the step (10), and collecting filtrate; spray drying the filtrate, and collecting spray dried powder to obtain soluble dietary fiber of Germinatus Phragmitis; the air inlet temperature is controlled at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is controlled at 80-90 ℃, and the peristaltic speed is controlled at 20-30 rpm.
Example 35
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and spray drying in the embodiment, (1) pretreatment of asparagus: selecting high-quality fresh asparagus byproducts as raw materials, strictly washing and cleaning the raw materials, then airing the raw materials in a ventilated place, and carrying out microwave vacuum drying on the aired asparagus byproducts; crushing the dried asparagus by-product, and sieving the crushed asparagus by-product with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder;
(2) enzymolysis: adding 100 g of green asparagus branch and leaf powder into 3000 mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring; sterilizing in 100 deg.C water bath for 15 min; enzymolysis of cellulase: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 3.80, adding 1.0 mL of cellulase, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 60 ℃ for 2 h; enzymolysis by amylase: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 6.44, adding 2.33 mL of amylase, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 55 ℃ for 1 h; and (3) protease enzymolysis: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 6.30, adding 1.2 mL of neutral protease, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 55 ℃ for 1 h; enzyme deactivation: after the enzymolysis is finished, putting the mixture into a water bath kettle at 100 ℃ for enzyme deactivation treatment for 10 min;
(3) insoluble and soluble dietary fiber separation: centrifuging the enzymolysis liquid in a centrifuge at 7500rpm for 15 min, and collecting precipitate and supernatant respectively;
(4) preparing insoluble dietary fiber: resuspending the obtained precipitate with water, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, repeating the steps of resuspending the precipitate with water, centrifuging, collecting precipitate for at least 3 times, collecting final precipitate, drying by vacuum drying at 50 deg.C under 500mmHg, and pulverizing to obtain insoluble dietary fiber of Germinatus Phragmitis;
(5) preparing soluble dietary fiber: and filtering the supernatant, and collecting the filtrate. Spray drying the filtrate, controlling the air inlet temperature at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature at 85 ℃, and the peristaltic speed at 20 rpm, and collecting spray-dried powder to obtain the soluble dietary fiber of asparagus.
Example 36
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and spray drying in the embodiment, (1) pretreatment of asparagus: selecting high-quality fresh asparagus byproducts as raw materials, strictly washing and cleaning the raw materials, then airing the raw materials in a ventilated place, and carrying out microwave vacuum drying on the aired asparagus byproducts; crushing the dried asparagus by-product, and sieving the crushed asparagus by-product with a 70-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder;
(2) enzymolysis: adding 120 g of green asparagus branch and leaf powder into 3500 mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring; sterilizing in 100 deg.C water bath for 15 min; enzymolysis of cellulase: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 3.94, adding 1.2 mL of cellulase, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 60 ℃ for 1.5 h; enzymolysis by amylase: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 6.44, adding 2.52 mL of amylase, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 55 ℃ for 1 h; and (3) protease enzymolysis: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 6.30, adding 2.52 mL of neutral protease, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 55 ℃ for 1 h; enzyme deactivation: after the enzymolysis is finished, putting the mixture into a water bath kettle at 100 ℃ for enzyme deactivation treatment for 15 min;
(3) insoluble and soluble dietary fiber separation: centrifuging the enzymolysis solution in a centrifuge at 7000 rpm for 20 min, and collecting precipitate and supernatant respectively;
(4) preparing insoluble dietary fiber: resuspending the obtained precipitate with water, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, repeating the steps of resuspending the precipitate with water, centrifuging, collecting precipitate for at least 3 times, collecting final precipitate, drying by vacuum drying at 55 deg.C under vacuum degree of 550mmHg, and pulverizing to obtain insoluble dietary fiber of Germinatus Phragmitis;
(5) preparing soluble dietary fiber: and filtering the supernatant, and collecting the filtrate. Spray drying the filtrate, controlling the air inlet temperature at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature at 85 ℃, and the peristaltic speed at 25 rpm, and collecting spray-dried powder to obtain the soluble dietary fiber of asparagus.
Example 37
The method for preparing the asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by adopting the enzymolysis method and spray drying in the embodiment, (1) pretreatment of asparagus: selecting high-quality fresh asparagus byproducts as raw materials, strictly washing and cleaning the raw materials, then airing the raw materials in a ventilated place, and carrying out microwave vacuum drying on the aired asparagus byproducts; crushing the dried asparagus by-product, and sieving the crushed asparagus by-product with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder;
(2) enzymolysis: adding 150 g of green asparagus branch and leaf powder into 3200 mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring; sterilizing in 100 deg.C water bath for 15 min;
enzymolysis of cellulase: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 4.02, adding 1.2 mL of cellulase, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 60 ℃ for 2 h; enzymolysis by amylase: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 7.02, adding 2.52 mL of amylase, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 55 ℃ for 1 h; and (3) protease enzymolysis: adjusting the pH value of the sample to 5.90, adding 2.52 mL of neutral protease, and carrying out water bath enzymolysis at 55 ℃ for 1 h; enzyme deactivation: after the enzymolysis is finished, putting the mixture into a water bath kettle at 100 ℃ for enzyme deactivation treatment for 10 min;
(3) insoluble and soluble dietary fiber separation: centrifuging the enzymolysis solution in a centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 12 min, and collecting precipitate and supernatant respectively;
(4) preparing insoluble dietary fiber: resuspending the obtained precipitate with water, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, repeating the steps of resuspending the precipitate with water, centrifuging, collecting precipitate for at least 3 times, collecting final precipitate, drying by vacuum drying at 60 deg.C under 500mmHg, and pulverizing to obtain insoluble dietary fiber of Germinatus Phragmitis;
(5) preparing soluble dietary fiber: filtering the supernatant, and collecting the filtrate; spray drying the filtrate, controlling the air inlet temperature at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature at 90 ℃, and the peristaltic speed at 20 rpm, and collecting spray-dried powder to obtain the soluble dietary fiber of asparagus.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing asparagus byproduct dietary fiber by combining an enzymolysis method with spray drying is characterized by comprising eleven steps, wherein fresh and clean asparagus byproducts are selected as raw materials in the first step, the asparagus byproducts are cleaned in the second step, the cleaned asparagus byproducts are dried in the third step, the asparagus byproducts are dried and then crushed in the fourth step to obtain asparagus byproduct slag powder, water is added into the asparagus slag powder in the fifth step, the mixture is uniformly mixed and sterilized, cellulase is added in the sixth step for enzymolysis, amylase is added in the seventh step for enzymolysis, protease is added in the eighth step for enzymolysis, an asparagus enzymolysis liquid is centrifuged in the ninth step, supernate and precipitate are collected, the precipitate in the tenth step is resuspended in water, centrifuged, the precipitate is collected, the resuspension in water and centrifuged, the precipitate is collected for at least 3 times, the final precipitate is collected, dried in a vacuum drying method and crushed to obtain asparagus insoluble dietary fiber, filtering the supernatant in the tenth step, and collecting filtrate; and (4) carrying out spray drying on the filtrate, and collecting spray-dried powder to obtain the soluble dietary fiber of the asparagus.
2. The method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus byproduct by using an enzymatic hydrolysis method and spray drying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning in the second step is to select high-quality fresh asparagus byproduct as raw material, strictly wash the raw material to remove sand and dead leaves attached to the surface of the raw material and ensure the stability of product quality, and the drying in the third step is to dry the cleaned asparagus byproduct in a ventilated place and dry the dried asparagus byproduct in microwave vacuum.
3. The method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus byproduct by adopting an enzymatic hydrolysis method and spray drying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the third step is 50-60 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 500-600 mmHg; and drying and crushing the asparagus by-product in the fourth step, and sieving the dried asparagus by-product with a 60-120-mesh sieve to obtain asparagus by-product slag powder.
4. The method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus byproduct by adopting an enzymatic hydrolysis method and spray drying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the powder of the asparagus byproduct slag to water in the fifth step is 1:20-1: 30.
5. The method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus by-product by enzymolysis combined with spray drying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH value of the sixth step of cellulase enzymolysis is 3.5-4.0, the enzymolysis temperature of cellulase is 55-65 ℃, the enzyme addition amount is 0.25-1% of the weight of the material, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5-2.5 h.
6. The method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus by-product by using enzymolysis method in combination with spray drying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH value of the enzymolysis by amylase in the seventh step is 6.2-6.8, the enzymolysis temperature of the amylase is 50-60 ℃, the enzyme addition amount is 0.04-0.08% of the weight of the raw materials, and the enzymolysis time is 0.5-1.5 h.
7. The method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus byproduct by using an enzymolysis method and spray drying in combination with the enzymolysis method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH value of the enzymolysis by protease in the eighth step is 6.2-7.2, the enzymolysis temperature of the protease is 50-70 ℃, the enzyme addition amount is 0.25-1% of the weight of the raw materials, and the enzymolysis time is 1.5-2.5 h.
8. The method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus byproduct by using an enzymatic hydrolysis method and spray drying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the centrifuge in the ninth step is 7000-8000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 15-20 min.
9. The method for preparing dietary fiber as a byproduct of asparagus by using an enzymatic hydrolysis method and spray drying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature of the insoluble dietary fiber in the tenth step is 50-60 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 500-600 mmHg.
10. The method for preparing dietary fiber from asparagus as a byproduct by an enzymatic hydrolysis method and spray drying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air inlet temperature of the tenth step is controlled at 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is controlled at 80-90 ℃, and the feeding speed is mL/min.
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| CN111938163A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 北京明阳华夏科技有限公司 | Preparation method of dietary fiber, dietary fiber powder and vegetable freeze-dried powder |
| CN112471459A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-12 | 中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究院 | Processing method for improving content of soluble dietary fiber in old asparagus stems |
| CN114982963A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 四川大学 | Processing method of asparagus by-product |
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| CN112471459A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-12 | 中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究院 | Processing method for improving content of soluble dietary fiber in old asparagus stems |
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