CN112119975B - Artificial scale domestication method for deer in exhibition - Google Patents

Abstract

An artificial scale domestication method of a sightseeing sika deer relates to the field of animal domestication and comprises the temperature and humidity control of a nursery; isolating two or more young deer of 1 day old, which have been fed with the first colostrum, from the female deer, feeding bovine colostrum of 1-3 days old, normal milk of 4-75 days old, supplementary feeding granule and green fodder of 15 days old, feeding granule and green fodder of 76-90 days old, and pressing and wiping anus of young deer during feeding; carrying out immunization according to an immunization program; sterilizing at regular intervals; the young deer starts listening to music at the age of 3 days, and the music lasts for 1-2h every morning and afternoon; the population beginning to contact at 7 days of age; the young deer starts to move freely at the age of 15-20 days, and each day lasts for 1-2h in the morning and afternoon; after 20 days of age, the contact strength begins to increase until the acclimatization standard is reached. The invention can domesticate the young deer to be in zero-distance contact with people, including touch, feeding, living non-anesthesia blood sampling, and can do actions of thank-eating, face pasting, photographing and the like; the survival rate of the young deer is more than 90 percent, and the breeding rate is 80 to 90 percent.

Description

Artificial scale domestication method for spectacular sika

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal domestication, in particular to an artificial scale domestication method for spectacular sika.

Background

With the increasing living standard of people, the consumption concept of people is also changed, the consumption concept is gradually sublimated from the material demand to the mental level, the tourism market of China is rapidly expanded, and especially, tourist attractions where people and nature and people and animals can harmoniously interact are good places that people like to go. Sika is a favorite lucky animal of people since history, so that the demand of tourism markets in China for watching sika is large. Through the domesticated sika, the sika can be in zero-distance contact with tourists, and the photos, the touch, the feeding, the living non-anesthesia blood sampling and the like are taken, so that on the basis of the traditional sika feeding, a new sika application market is developed, the economic value and the advertising effect of the sika can be greatly improved, the sika feeding grade is improved, and meanwhile, a new income increasing way is also expanded.

At present, no formed domestication system and domestication method exist in the domestication aspect of sika deer. Therefore, the research and development of a set of method for domesticating the abducted sika deer has important practical significance for the development of the sika deer industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an artificial scale domestication method of an abducted sika deer, and provides a new domestication system and a new idea for the domestication of the sika deer.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

the artificial scale domestication method of the spectacular sika mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) temperature and humidity control of nursery

Heating the nursery one day before domesticating the young deer to the field, controlling the temperature of the nursery at 20-25 ℃ and the humidity at 60%;

(2) disinfection

Sterilizing the domestication field and the nursery in advance;

(3) selection and requirements of domesticated young deer

Selecting young deer of 1 day old with two or more fetuses and having primary deer colostrums as domesticated young deer at 5-7 months per year, directly isolating from mother deer, performing artificial feeding, and detecting Buffalo disease and tuberculosis on site;

(4) milk for lactation

Domesticating young deer at 1-3 days old to feed colostrum; feeding normal milk of cattle at 4-75 days old; feeding pellet feed and green feed at 15 days of age, namely feeding normal milk, pellet feed and green feed for cattle at 15-75 days of age; feeding granulated feed and green feed for 76-90 days old; controlling the milk temperature at 36-38 ℃; the feeding amount, feeding time and feeding frequency are shown in the following table:

TABLE 1 milk amount, time and number of breastfeeds

Age of day	1-3	4-10	11-20	21-30	31-40	41-60	61-75
								Number of times of suckling	6 times per day	6 times per day	5 times/day	5 times/day	4 times per day	3 times per day	2 times per day
Milk amount (ml)	400-600	600-700	700-800	800-900	900-1000	1000-800	800
								Kind of nursing milk	Colostrum of cow	Cow common milk	Cow common milk	Cow common milk	Cow common milk	Cow common milk	Cow common milk

TABLE 2 feed amount, feed time, and feed frequency

(5) Artificial lactation procedure in acclimation process:

the feeding bottle with the volume of 100ml is filled with milk, the feeding bottle is held by one hand to be horizontal, the bottle body is inclined to the horizontal line by 30 degrees by taking the nipple as a vertex, the head of the young deer is lifted and fixed by the other hand, the nipple is inserted into the upper part of the tongue in the mouth of the young deer, and the sucking action of the young deer is observed at the same time to ensure that milk flows down;

when feeding milk to the young deer, the young deer needs to be ensured to have swallowing function and then continue to feed milk, otherwise, the angle of the feeding bottle needs to be adjusted so as to continue to feed milk in a swallowing way;

when feeding milk, the other hand holds toilet paper to press and wipe the anus of the deer, so that excrement removal is promoted;

(6) immunization program during acclimation, as shown in table 3:

TABLE 3 immunization procedure

(7) Disinfection procedure in acclimatization process

And (3) regular disinfection: sterilizing once every 7 days, and sterilizing the nursery by adopting typical preparations; adopting quaternary ammonium salt or chlorine preparation disinfectant to disinfect the domesticated field; meanwhile, carrying out harmless treatment on the young deer died of diseases;

(8) teaching program in domestication process

The domesticated young deer starts to listen to music at the age of 3 days, and the music lasts for 1-2 hours in the morning and afternoon every day;

the population beginning to contact at 7 days of age;

the young deer is placed in an acclimatization field for free activity at the age of 15-20 days, and the time is 1-2 hours respectively in the morning and afternoon every day;

after 20 days of age, the contact strength begins to increase until the acclimatization standard is reached.

(9) Recording

Establishing domestication management records, and acquiring a deer file; daily acclimation was recorded completely.

As a preferred embodiment, the specific operation flow of the step (2) sterilization is as follows:

firstly, spraying iodine preparation to disinfect the nursery, then sealing the nursery and fumigating and disinfecting for 24 hours by using a smoke bomb, and then removing indoor peculiar smell;

iodine preparation, caustic soda, quicklime milk or potassium permanganate are adopted to carry out spray disinfection on the domesticated field.

In a preferable embodiment, in the step (4), the granulated feed adopts complete feed for the milk replacer young deer; the green feed comprises alfalfa, oak leaves and green grass, and is fed singly or in a mixed manner, wherein the weight ratio of the alfalfa, the oak leaves and the green grass is 1:1:1 in the mixed feeding process.

In a preferred embodiment, in step (4), probiotics or antibiotics are added to both the bovine colostrum and the bovine colostrum, and the addition amounts are as follows:

adding therapeutic dose of probiotics into bovine colostrum per ml, wherein the probiotics is selected from one of lactobacillus tablet, bacillus subtilis and bifidobacterium, and is used according to the instruction of each probiotic;

adding therapeutic dose of antibiotics into bovine colostrum per ml, wherein the antibiotics are selected from one of streptomycin, furazolidone tablets and gentamicin, and are used according to the instruction of each antibiotic;

the probiotic and the antibiotic cannot be added simultaneously;

the method for adding probiotics and antibiotics into the cow common milk is the same as that of the cow colostrum.

As a preferred embodiment, in step (8), the domesticated young deer begins to listen to music at 3 days of age, and the music types comprise: light music, rock, animal sound, horn sound, firecracker sound, and car sound.

In a preferred embodiment, in step (8), the population starts to be contacted at the age of 7 days, and the specific contact population, contact duration and contact frequency are shown in table 4:

TABLE 4 number of contacts, duration of contact and number of contacts

In a preferred embodiment, in step (8), the contact strength starts to increase after 20 days of age.

As a preferred embodiment, in step (8), the acclimatization standard is: the young deer and the living person can touch and feed without attacking people and being far away from strangers under the condition that a domesticator is in the field.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. by the domestication method, the young deer can be domesticated to a domestication standard which can be completely in zero-distance contact with people, wherein the domestication standard comprises touch, feeding, living non-anesthesia blood sampling and the like, and the domestication method can interact with people to do actions such as palm feeding, thank you, face pasting, photographing and the like.

2. By the domestication method, the survival rate of the young deer is improved to over 90 percent from 30-40 percent, the breeding rate is improved to 80-90 percent from 0-40 percent, the technical bottleneck of intensive scale domestication of the spotted deer is thoroughly solved, the production cycle of the spotted deer can be better adjusted, the barren and the survival rate of the young deer born in autumn are reduced.

3. By the domestication method, domesticated young deer are thrown to tourist attractions, more tourists can be attracted, the number of the tourists and the stay time of the tourists are increased, the development of the tourism industry is promoted, and a new sightseeing project is added for tourism.

4. By the domestication method, the structural reform of the deer raising industry is promoted, a new industry chain of the deer raising industry is developed, the upgrade of the sika deer industry is accelerated, a new mode of sika deer feeding is created, and a new development idea is developed for the breeding industry.

5. By the domestication method, employment posts can be newly added, social stability is promoted, income of farmers is increased, and the pace of poverty deprivation and enrichment in rural areas is accelerated.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The artificial scale domestication method for the spectacular sika, disclosed by the invention, comprehensively compares and tests the domestication starting day age to various milk sources, obtains detailed experimental data, is an optimal implementation scheme selected through comparison and analysis by researching, making a comparison test and making a domestication standard. The domestication method can realize the aim of domesticating 100 young deer each year, and has strong operability and good economic benefit.

The economic objectives that can be achieved are as follows:

1. the domestication time is to domesticate the young deer to 90-100 days old, the young deer can contact with human body at zero distance to reach the domestication standard, and the income of each pair of finished young deer hair is about 3-4 ten thousand yuan (two in each pair).

2. Each domesticator can domesticate not less than 10 pairs (two in each pair) of finished products of young deer within 3 months.

3. The survival rate of the young deer reaches more than 90 percent, and the domestication success rate reaches 80 to 90 percent.

4. The culture and domestication environment needs to meet the standards of animal sanitation and quarantine.

The invention relates to an artificial scale domestication method of an abduction sika deer, which comprises the following specific implementation scheme:

(I) preparation of test protocol

1. Selection of artificial lactation milk source: the components of the sika deer milk and other animal milk (cow milk and goat milk) are compared and analyzed, and the investigation and analysis of more than 20 deer farms can know that the sika deer milk is the closest to the nutritional components of the cow milk, and meanwhile, cow farms (households) are arranged in various places and the milk sources are sufficient, so that the problem of the milk sources is more easily solved by utilizing the cow milk as an artificial feeding milk source to realize the scale domestication of the sika deer than adopting other animal milk.

TABLE 5 analysis and comparison table of the main nutrient components of the sika deer milk, cow milk and goat milk (each 100g contains nutrient components)

The comparison test on the main nutrient components contained in the spotted deer colostrum and the bovine colostrum proves that P is more than 0.05, the difference between the P and the P is not obvious, the milk can completely replace the spotted deer colostrum to feed the young deer, but the bovine colostrum is required to replace the spotted deer colostrum, and the bovine normal milk cannot be used for replacing the spotted deer colostrum.

2. Selection of artificial domestication initial day age: through investigation and analysis of 20 deer farms, the young deer eating the deer colostrums and the young deer nursing different days old have different artificial domestication success rates and survival rates. Therefore, the spotted deer with two or more embryos and without the deer colostrum and spotted deer with 1 day old, 2 days old, 3 days old, 10 days old, 30 days old and 90 days old which have the deer colostrum are selected as the domesticated spotted deer.

3. And (3) making an artificial lactation mode: according to the biological characteristics of the young deer, the number, time and mode of nursing every day are worked out, and the young deer are numbered one by one to implement an individual breeding method.

4. And (3) establishing an epidemic prevention system: according to an animal epidemic prevention method, a strict epidemic prevention system of the young deer is established by combining epidemic situation of the spotted deer in the domestication test field.

5. The specific sika deer immunization program is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 Cervus Nippon Temminck immunization procedure

Age of day	Immunization programs	Number of immunizations	Immunization regimen	Immunity dose
					Age of 1 day	BCG vaccine bivalent vaccine	1 time of	Intramuscular injection	1ml
25 days old	Brucella vaccine	1 time of	Is administered orally	1ml
					Age of 35 days	Bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine for cattle and sheep	Head free	Intramuscular injection	1ml
Age of 45 days	Vaccine for hemorrhagic septicemia	1 time of	Intramuscular injection	1ml
					Age of 65 days	Bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine for cattle and sheep	Two exempt from	Intramuscular injection	1ml
75 days old	Clostridium welchii vaccine	1 time of	Intramuscular injection	1ml

Besides regular disinfection and temporary disinfection, the young deer died of diseases must be subjected to harmless treatment such as deep burying or burning according to epidemic prevention regulations.

(II) preparation work before test

1. Training the domesticator: technical training is carried out on all domesticators participating in the test, so that the domesticators can master skills of artificial lactation, teaching, anus kneading and the like.

2. And (3) disinfection: and (4) thoroughly disinfecting the domesticated test field. After the nursery room is thoroughly cleaned, the iodine preparation is firstly used for spraying and disinfecting, then the nursery room is sealed and fumigated by a smoke bomb for 24 hours, and indoor peculiar smell is exhausted.

3. Controlling the temperature and the humidity of the nursery: the temperature of the nursery room of the young deer is raised 1 day before the young deer enters the yard, so that the temperature of the nursery room is stably controlled at 20-25 ℃, the humidity reaches 60 percent, and the most suitable environment is provided for the experimental young deer.

4. Selection of domesticated experimental deer: selecting several deer farms with relatively good feeding management technology, randomly selecting the test young deer according to the day age of the test scheme, and ensuring the homology of the test young deer as much as possible.

5. Grouping of experimental deer: the experimental young deer bought from each deer farm are grouped according to different ages of days, and the same ages of days form a group.

(III) age-in-days comparison test for domestication of newborn deer

1. Grouping: according to the protocol, groups were by day of age. Young deer without eating the deer colostrum from birth, 1-day-old young deer with the deer colostrum, 2-day-old young deer with the deer colostrum, 3-day-old young deer with the deer colostrum, 10-day-old young deer with the deer colostrum, 30-day-old young deer with the deer colostrum and 90-day-old young deer with the deer colostrum are gathered to a domestication test field and divided into 7 groups, wherein each group comprises: 50. 80, 40, 60 and 150 young deer.

2. And (3) testing: according to the test scheme, domesticated young deer purchasing work is completed in 5-7 months every year, and domestication is started synchronously. The young deer is fed with milk and acclimatized. The young deer was recorded daily milk intake and healthy development each time and weighed 1 time every 5 days, and body weight was recorded while periodically immunised according to the sika immunisation program (as shown in table 2). In order to reduce death, young deer refusing artificial lactation and ingestion for 5 days or more are determined to have acclimatization failure, and the test is quitted.

3. Collecting data: domesticators need to carefully collect domestication records every day, arrange and analyze the domestication records in time, report problems in time and research and solve the problems.

4. Data statistics are shown in table 6.

TABLE 6

5. Description of the test conditions:

(1) the cause of death at 2 days was mainly food refusal, which gradually died from 5 days to 24 at 10 days, 18 at 56 days, and all others died due to starvation.

(2) Only 15 deer at 3 days old can eat milk, all other deer refuses to eat, death begins at 6 days old, and in order to prevent mass death caused by forced feeding at 2 days old, the rest young deer refusing to eat milk are forced to stop manual feeding and put back to a deer shed to be fed by the mother deer.

(3) At 10 days of age 14 had consumed milk only in extreme hunger, while others had remained food refused and were forced to stop the test.

(4) The 30-day-old young deer starts to eat green grass and refuses to eat milk, 5 young deer die due to hunger, and other young deer artificially feed milk due to refusal only can be fed by the green grass and a small amount of concentrate, and the young deer is weak in constitution, often suffers from diarrhea, cold and respiratory diseases, is extremely poor in fat condition and cannot be acclimated. Although the mortality rate is not high, the standard of domestication requirements cannot be met, and only 11 qualified young deer are domesticated from 60 young deer.

(5) The 90-day-old herd is weaned to 3 months old and domesticated, no death occurs, but only 5 are close to the domestication standard after the 90-day domestication, and the rest 145 can only reach the herding standard of the herd, and the herd can not come out of the yard and be contacted with the living people in a short distance, and the like.

6. And (3) analyzing test results:

analysis of variance was performed on the above experimental data: compared with the group 2 (1 day old), the group 1 (without eating the deer colostrum), the group 3 (2 day old), the group 4 (3 day old), the group 5 (10 day old) and the group 6 (30 day old), the survival rate P is less than 0.01, and the difference is very obvious; compared with the group 2 (1 day old) and the group 7 (90 days old), the survival rate P is more than 0.05, and the difference is not obvious; compared with the group 2 (1 day old), the group 3 (2 day old), the group 4 (3 day old), the group 5 (10 day old), the group 6 (30 day old) and the group 7 (90 day old), the domestication success rate P is less than 0.01, and the difference is very obvious.

From the above analysis the following conclusions can be drawn:

(1) although spotted deer 2020 is listed as a livestock, it still retains its wild biological nature and is more difficult to domesticate as the growing day ages.

(2) The spotted deer is very sensitive to taste, and the young deer can hardly change the taste of breast milk once remembering, so that the young deer is more difficult to change other milk and even can be starved to death along with the increase of the nursing day age.

(3) The young deer which does not eat the deer colostrum has high domestication success rate, but does not eat the deer colostrum, so that the disease resistance is low, and the death rate of the young deer is overhigh.

In conclusion, the artificial domestication of the young sika deer needs to adopt the young sika deer of 1 day old which eats the colostrum of the previous sika deer to domesticate, and the best domestication effect can be obtained.

(IV) specific process and method for artificial scale domestication of spectacular sika

Strictly implementing breeding technology and breeding management program which are in accordance with the biological characteristics of the sika deer, executing standardized breeding, and selecting the optimal artificial lactation time through a comparison test.

(1) Temperature and humidity control of nursery

The temperature of the nursery is required to be raised one day before domesticating the young deer, the temperature of the nursery is preferably controlled to be 20-25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 60%.

(2) Disinfection

The domestication field and the nursery are disinfected in advance, and the specific operation flow of the disinfection is as follows:

spraying iodine preparation to sterilize the nursery, sealing the nursery, fumigating with smoke bomb for 24 hr, and eliminating indoor odor.

Iodine preparation or other disinfectant such as caustic soda, quicklime milk, potassium permanganate and the like is adopted to carry out spray disinfection on the domesticated site.

(3) Selection and requirements of domesticated young deer

In 5-7 months per year, selecting 1 day old young deer with two or more fetuses and eating the first deer colostrums as domesticated young deer, isolating the young deer from the mother deer immediately when the young deer is born and eating the first deer colostrums, performing artificial feeding, and detecting Bullosis and tuberculosis on site.

When newborn young deer eats the first deer colostrum, the newborn young deer must be immediately isolated from the mother deer and fed manually, so that the survival rate and the breeding rate can be greatly improved, and the situations that the newborn young deer does not eat the deer colostrum and lacks immunity, the young deer eats milk for a long time and refuses to eat milk are overcome; the artificial feeding is carried out at birth, the contact of the deer can be enhanced, the defects of small gallbladder and easy fright of the sika deer are overcome, and the domestication success rate is improved.

(4) Milk for lactation

Artificial lactation is started for the young deer with hunger sensation.

Feeding colostrum 1-3 days old; feeding normal milk of cattle at 4-75 days old; feeding pellet feed and green feed at 15 days of age, namely feeding normal milk, pellet feed and green feed for cattle at 15-75 days of age; feeding granulated feed and green feed for 76-90 days old; controlling the milk temperature at 36-38 ℃; the feeding amount, feeding time and feeding frequency are shown in the following table:

TABLE 1 milk amount, time and number of breastfeeds

Age of day	1-3	4-10	11-20	21-30	31-40	41-60	61-75
								Number of times of suckling	6 times per day	6 times per day	5 times/day	5 times/day	4 times per day	3 times per day	2 times per day
Milk amount (ml)	400-600	600-700	700-800	800-900	900-1000	1000-800	800
								Kind of nursing milk	Colostrum of cow	Cow common milk	Cow common milk	Cow common milk	Cow permanent milk	Cow common milk	Cow common milk

The number of breastfeedings in Table 1 may be divided equally from 4 a.m. to 10 a.m., for example, 6 breastfeedings per day, 6 breastfeedings may be divided equally from 4 a.m. to 10 a.m., and so on.

TABLE 2 feed amount, feed time, and feed frequency

The feeding times in table 2 may be divided equally from 4 am to 10 pm into corresponding times, for example, 6 times per day, from 4 am to 10 pm into 6 feeds, and so on.

Because the digestive function of the young deer is not completely developed, probiotics or antibiotics are required to be added into the bovine colostrum and the bovine normal milk while artificial lactation is carried out, and the adding amount is as follows:

adding a therapeutic amount of probiotics to each ml of bovine colostrum, and adding a therapeutic amount of probiotics to each ml of bovine colostrum, wherein the probiotics comprise: selecting any one of lactobacillus tablet, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus bifidus, and adding according to the instruction of probiotic bacteria.

Adding therapeutic dose of antibiotic to each ml of bovine colostrum; adding therapeutic dose of antibiotics into per ml of cow common milk, wherein the antibiotics are antibiotics for resisting intestinal bacteria, such as streptomycin, furazolidone tablet, gentamicin, etc., selecting any one of the antibiotics, and adding according to the instruction of each antibiotic. Or determining to select antibiotics after drug susceptibility test, and using the dosage according to the instruction.

It should be noted that: the probiotics and the antibiotics can not be added simultaneously, the antibiotics are not added when no disease symptom appears, the addition of the probiotics is stopped when the antibiotics need to be added, and the probiotics is added after the antibiotics are used up.

The adopted granulated feed is a complete material of the milk-substituted young deer purchased from Haar Binghai Dairy Co Ltd.

The adopted green feed mainly comprises alfalfa, oak leaves and green grass, and is fed alternately or in a mixed mode every day or every ton, the proportion of various green feeds is preferably divided equally, for example, the weight ratio of the alfalfa, the oak leaves and the green grass is 1:1:1, and more varieties can be selected; in addition, a plurality of green feeds can be selected according to actual conditions, so that the nutrition balance is ensured, meanwhile, tuber and leaf-stem food materials rich in vitamins such as carrots, fruits and vegetables are used as daily supplementary feeds, the quantity of the feed is fed according to the standard that the daily age of the young deer is 50-200 g, and the feeding quantity can be counted in the total demand of the green feeds.

(5) Artificial lactation procedure in acclimation process:

firstly, 100ml of bovine colostrum is filled into the feeding bottle, then the feeding bottle is held by one hand to be horizontal, the bottle body is inclined by 30 degrees with the nipple as a vertex, the head of the young deer is lifted and fixed by the other hand, the nipple is inserted into the upper part of the tongue in the mouth of the young deer, and the sucking action of the young deer is observed at the same time to ensure that milk flows down.

When feeding milk to the young deer, the young deer can continue to feed milk after confirming that the young deer has the swallowing function, otherwise, the milk can continue to feed milk by adjusting the inclination angle of the milk bottle to enable the young deer to swallow; avoid the milk choking into the trachea during the feeding process. When feeding milk for the first time, if the young deer struggles, the milk is fed intermittently; the young deer can suck by oneself after nursing for several times.

While nursing, the other hand holds toilet paper and presses the thumb corresponding to the index finger and the middle finger to wipe the anus of the deer, thereby promoting the feces elimination.

The artificial lactation method is the same as that of the artificial lactation each day, and the domesticated person needs to have enough patience in the first 3 days of the artificial lactation to enable the young deer to adapt to the artificial lactation as soon as possible.

(6) Immunization program during acclimation, as shown in table 3:

TABLE 3 immunization procedure

Age of day	Immunization programs	Number of immunizations	Immunization regimen	Immunization dose
					Age of 1 day	BCG vaccine bivalent vaccine	1 time of	Intramuscular injection	1ml
25 days old	Brucella vaccine	1 time of	Is administered orally	1ml
					Age of 35 days	Bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine for cattle and sheep	Head free	Intramuscular injection	1ml
Age of 45 days	Vaccine for hemorrhagic septicemia	1 time of	Intramuscular injection	1ml
					Age of 65 days	Bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine for cattle and sheep	Two exempt from	Intramuscular injection	1ml
75 days old	Clostridium welchii vaccine	1 time of	Intramuscular injection	1ml

(7) Disinfection procedure in acclimatization process

And (3) regular disinfection: sterilizing once every 7 days, and sterilizing the nursery by adopting typical preparations; and (3) disinfecting the domesticated site by adopting quaternary ammonium salt or chlorine preparation disinfectant.

Temporary disinfection: in the case of individual temporary cases, when the environment of the deer house or the isolation ring is polluted or other sika deer is infected, the polluted area or the colony house is disinfected in time at any time. The disinfection mode adopts flame disinfection, 75% alcohol disinfection, compound iodine preparation or 84 disinfectant for temporary disinfection according to different pollution conditions and different types of bacteria and viruses.

Carrying out innocent treatment on the young deer died of diseases.

(8) Teaching program in domestication process

Beginning to listen to music for domesticated young deer at the age of 3 days, wherein the types of the music comprise: light music, rock, animal sound, horn sound, firecracker sound, automobile sound, etc.; 1-2 hours respectively in the morning and afternoon every day;

the population beginning to contact at 7 days of age; the specific number of people in contact, the contact duration and the contact frequency are shown in Table 4:

TABLE 4 number of contacts, duration of contact and number of contacts

Gradually placing the young deer in domesticated field (such as playground or courtyard) for free activity at 15-20 days of age, 1-2 hr each in the morning and afternoon each day;

increasing the contact strength gradually after 20 days of age, wherein the contact strength comprises: the method comprises the following steps of photographing, touching, feeding, clicking for thank you, turning, jumping a circle, listening to a call and the like until the acclimation standard of zero-distance contact with a living person is achieved. The domestication standard is as follows: the young deer and the live person can touch, feed and do some simple actions without attacking people and being far away from strangers under the condition that the domesticater is in the field.

(9) Daily management

The young deer is small in day age and strict in feeding technical requirements, the day age of each young deer is different, and the survival rate and the yield are positively correlated with the responsibility of domesticators.

In the process of artificial lactation, the number of times of feeding milk is gradually reduced and the amount of feeding milk is increased according to the condition that the young deer eats pellet feed and green feed.

The young deer is numbered one by one from artificial lactation, one deer is strictly carried out, one feeding bottle is fixed for feeding for each deer, the feeding is carried out quantitatively, regularly and for fixed times every day, the feeding amount is recorded every time, and the young deer can be put on a market in three months.

In the domestication process, the young deer is exercised to contact with people every day, the young deer is played with music, the young deer gradually leaves the pen and contacts with various people in the courtyard, the survival rate can reach 91.3 percent when the young deer is three months old, and the standard requirement can be met.

During the acclimation process, the appearance of the young deer was checked daily, the young deer was weighed, and the daily weight of each young deer was recorded.

(10) Establishing an individual file of healthy young deer and realizing the traceability of domestication information

Establishing a detailed domestication management record, namely a deer file; the domestication condition of the day is completely recorded every day, and a foundation is laid for implementing the retroactive information of domesticated young deer.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The artificial scale domestication method of the deer in abduction is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) temperature and humidity control of nursery

Heating the nursery one day before domesticating the young deer to the field, controlling the temperature of the nursery at 20-25 ℃ and the humidity at 60%;

(2) disinfection

Sterilizing the domestication field and the nursery in advance; the specific operation flow of the step (2) of disinfection is as follows:

firstly, spraying iodine preparation to disinfect the nursery, then sealing the nursery and fumigating and disinfecting for 24 hours by using a smoke bomb, and then removing indoor peculiar smell; spraying and disinfecting the domesticated field by using an iodine preparation, caustic soda, quicklime milk or potassium permanganate;

(3) selection and requirements of domesticated young deer

Selecting 1 day old young deer with two or more fetuses and the first deer colostrum as domesticated young deer at 5-7 months per year, directly isolating from mother deer, performing artificial feeding, and detecting Buffalo disease and tuberculosis on site;

(4) milk for lactation

Domesticating young deer at 1-3 days old to feed colostrum; feeding normal milk of cattle at 4-75 days old; feeding pellet feed and green feed at 15 days of age, namely feeding normal milk, pellet feed and green feed for cattle at 15-75 days of age; feeding granulated feed and green feed for 76-90 days old; controlling the milk temperature at 36-38 ℃; the feeding amount, feeding time and feeding frequency are shown in the following table:

TABLE 1 milk amount, time and number of breastfeeds

Age of day 1-3 4-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-60 61-75 Number of times of suckling 6 times per day 6 times per day 5 times/day 5 times/day 4 times per day 3 times per day 2 times per day Milk amount (ml) 400-600 600-700 700-800 800-900 900-1000 1000-800 800 Kind of nursing milk Colostrum of cow Cow common milk Cow common milk Cow common milk Cow common milk Cow common milk Cow common milk

TABLE 2 feed amount, feed time, and feed frequency

The granulated feed adopts complete feed for the newborn deer; the green feed comprises alfalfa, oak leaves and green grass, and is fed independently or mixed, wherein the weight ratio of the alfalfa, the oak leaves and the green grass is 1:1:1 when the green feed is mixed and fed;

the probiotics or antibiotics are added into the bovine colostrum and the bovine colostrum, and the addition amount is as follows:

adding therapeutic dose of probiotics into bovine colostrum per ml, wherein the probiotics is selected from one of lactobacillus tablet, bacillus subtilis and bifidobacterium, and is used according to the instruction of each probiotic;

adding therapeutic dose of antibiotics into bovine colostrum per ml, wherein the antibiotics are selected from one of streptomycin, furazolidone tablets and gentamicin, and are used according to the instruction of each antibiotic;

the probiotic and the antibiotic cannot be added simultaneously;

the adding method of the probiotics added into the cow common milk and the antibiotics added into the cow common milk is the same as that of the cow colostrum;

(5) artificial lactation procedure in acclimation process:

the feeding bottle with the volume of 100ml is filled with milk, the feeding bottle is held by one hand to be horizontal, the bottle body is inclined to the horizontal line by 30 degrees by taking the nipple as a vertex, the head of the young deer is lifted and fixed by the other hand, the nipple is inserted into the upper part of the tongue in the mouth of the young deer, and the sucking action of the young deer is observed at the same time to ensure that milk flows down;

when feeding milk to the young deer, the young deer needs to be ensured to have swallowing function and then continue to feed milk, otherwise, the angle of the feeding bottle needs to be adjusted so as to continue to feed milk in a swallowing way;

when feeding milk, the other hand holds toilet paper to press and wipe the anus of the deer, so that excrement removal is promoted;

(6) immunization program during acclimation, as shown in table 3:

TABLE 3 immunization procedure

(7) Disinfection procedure in acclimatization process

And (3) regular disinfection: sterilizing once every 7 days, and sterilizing the nursery by adopting typical preparations; adopting quaternary ammonium salt or chlorine preparation disinfectant to disinfect the domesticated field; meanwhile, carrying out harmless treatment on the young deer died of diseases;

(8) teaching program in domestication process

The domesticated young deer starts to listen to music at the age of 3 days, and the music lasts for 1-2 hours in the morning and afternoon every day; the types of music include: light music, rock, animal sound, horn sound, firecracker sound, and car sound;

the population beginning to contact at 7 days of age; the specific number of people in contact, the contact duration and the contact frequency are shown in Table 4: TABLE 4 number of contacts, duration of contact and number of contacts

The young deer is placed in an acclimatization field for free activity at the age of 15-20 days, and the time is 1-2 hours respectively in the morning and afternoon every day;

after 20 days of age, the contact strength is increased until the domestication standard is reached; the domestication standard is as follows: the young deer and the living person can touch and feed without attacking people and being far away from strangers under the condition that a domesticator is in the field;

(9) recording

Establishing domestication management records, and acquiring a deer file; daily acclimation was recorded completely.