CN112094153A - Biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112094153A CN112094153A CN202010995190.0A CN202010995190A CN112094153A CN 112094153 A CN112094153 A CN 112094153A CN 202010995190 A CN202010995190 A CN 202010995190A CN 112094153 A CN112094153 A CN 112094153A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/14—Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of biological fertilizers, in particular to a biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein an arc-shaped disc for bearing the biological fertilizer comprises a carbon cover cylinder, a carbon column cylinder and an arc-shaped frame; the added biological fertilizer is easy to run off to all positions in the soil block under the rainwater condition, so that the nutrient content absorbed by the root area of the crops is reduced, the nutrient supply in the growth process of the crops is influenced, and the use effect of the biological fertilizer is weakened; therefore, the storage state of the biological fertilizer under different conditions of the natural environment is protected through the carbon structure of the arc-shaped disc, the biological fertilizer is enabled to act on a crop root system area in a land, the release rate of nutrients in the biological fertilizer is balanced through gradual conversion of the microbial flora on nutrient substances of the biological fertilizer in the crop growth process, the time for finally decomposing the mechanical carbon structure is controlled, the carbon structure in the biological fertilizer is completely decomposed, and the application effect of the biological fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological fertilizers, and particularly relates to a biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The biological fertilizer is a product which enables plants to obtain a specific fertilizer effect through microbial life activities, wherein biochar prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes is beneficial to recycling resources, and after nutrients stored in the biochar are released, the remaining biochar can relieve the hardening of soil and enables the biochar to become an excellent carrier of the biological fertilizer; for the introduction of bio-fertilizer and its preparation, see: plum blossom, etc., research progress analysis on a biochar-based fertilizer synergistic technology and a preparation process [ J ], academic newspaper of agricultural machinery, 2017(No.3), 1-13.
At present, the biological fertilizer is usually used for being broadcast on a land around crops, and different substances between the biological fertilizer and soil are formed, so that the biological fertilizer is easy to run off to each position in the land under the condition of rainwater, the nutrient content absorbed by the root area of the crops is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the biological fertilizer in the growth process of the crops is further reduced, and the utilization effect of the biological fertilizer is further weakened.
Some technical schemes related to biological fertilizers and preparation methods thereof also appear in the prior art, for example, a Chinese patent with application number 2015104050894 discloses a slow-release synergistic biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, trace elements and a compound additive; the composite additive comprises a nitrification inhibitor, a urease inhibitor, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and humus soil. The fertilizer solves the problems of higher manufacturing cost of coating, wrapping, encapsulating, coating and the like of the existing slow-release fertilizer, can reduce the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, regulate and maintain the moisture content in soil, improve the air permeability and fertilizer efficiency of the soil, promote the growth of plants and increase microorganisms with the effect of promoting the growth of the plants; the fertilizer in the technical scheme is a complex containing multiple nutrients, is not a chemical fertilizer with single nutrient, is rich in more than twenty kinds of necessary 'quality elements' of crops such as amino acid, humic acid, calcium, sulfur, zinc, iron, boron and the like besides a great amount of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and plays a role in regulating soil balance nutrition; however, the technical scheme does not solve the problems that after the biological fertilizer is released to the soil, the biological fertilizer can be scattered to various positions in the soil along with water flow in a rainy day environment, the nutrient supply effect of the biological fertilizer on crops is weakened, and the nutrients in the biological fertilizer are wasted.
In view of the above, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention provides a bio-fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and the bio-fertilizer and the preparation method thereof are adopted to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the storage state of the biological fertilizer under different conditions of the natural environment is protected by the carbon structure of the arc-shaped disc, the biological fertilizer is ensured to act on a crop root system area in a land, the release rate of nutrients in the biological fertilizer is balanced by gradually converting nutrient substances of the biological fertilizer by microbial floras in the growth process of crops, the time for finally decomposing a mechanical carbon structure is controlled by controlling the specific gravity between the microbial floras and the biological carbon, the complete decomposition of the carbon structure in the biological fertilizer is achieved, the nutrient level of the carbon content in the land is enhanced, and the application effect of the biological fertilizer is improved.
The biological fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
26-34 parts of biochar,
16-22 parts of machine-made carbon,
10-12 parts of microbial flora,
6-9 parts of acid bentonite,
4-6 parts of humus,
0.5-0.8 part of salicyl alcohol;
wherein the machine-made carbon is prefabricated into an arc-shaped disc for bearing residual substances in the biological fertilizer; the biochar is used as a main raw material of nutrients in the biological fertilizer, is made into an arc disc shape together with machine-made carbon and is used for surrounding the root system of crops placed on a land, the carbon content in soil is increased through a carrier with a carbon structure, and the biochar is gradually decomposed in the metabolic process of microbial floras to control the uniformity of the release of the nutrients in the biological fertilizer; humus added in the biological fertilizer is used for supplying main nutrients for microbial flora proliferation, biochar is converted into secondary compounds through metabolic action of the biochar and is easier to be absorbed by crops, and the added bentonite is used for expanding to fill the inner space of the arc-shaped disc under the rainwater condition, so that nutrient substances in the biological fertilizer are prevented from being taken away from the arc-shaped disc by flushing water flow, the faintly acid of the biological fertilizer in a moisture state is maintained, and the activity of the microbial flora is ensured; the added salicyl alcohol is gradually oxidized into salicylic acid in the effective process of the biological fertilizer, so that the nutrient substances in the biological fertilizer are prevented from being self-decomposed, and the metabolism of the biological fertilizer by microbial flora is ensured;
the arc-shaped disc comprises a carbon cover cylinder, a carbon column cylinder and an arc-shaped frame; the carbon cover cylinder is arranged in the arc-shaped frame to form the shape of an arc-shaped disc; a through hole is formed in the center of the carbon cover cylinder, and the carbon cover cylinder is annular; the carbon column barrel is arranged in the through hole, the bottom of the carbon column barrel is conical, a spherical concave hole is formed in the bottom end of the carbon column barrel, and a carbon ball which is installed in a rolling mode is arranged in the concave hole; the components of the carbon cover cylinder and the carbon column cylinder are machine-made carbon; the carbon ball is made of biological carbon; the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder is coated with acidic bentonite and salicyl alcohol, and the remaining space in the carbon cover cylinder is filled with microbial flora and humus; granular biochar is filled in the carbon column barrel; when the biological fertilizer is used, the biological fertilizer is added into a land where crops are planted for supplementing nutrients required in the growth process of the crops, the added biological fertilizer is usually spread on the land around the crops, and the biological fertilizer and soil are different in substance composition, so that the biological fertilizer is easy to run off to each position in the land under the rainwater condition, the nutrient content absorbed by the root area of the crops is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the biological fertilizer in the growth process of the crops is reduced, the nutrient supply in the growth process of the crops is influenced, and the use effect of the biological fertilizer is weakened; therefore, the biological fertilizer arranged in the carbon cover cylinder and the carbon column cylinder is inserted into the plot at the root position of the crop, the carbon content in the plot is directly enhanced through the carbon balls made of the biological carbon arranged at the bottom end of the carbon column cylinder, and nutrient substances generated by metabolism of microbial flora are reduced to the soil area of the root system of the crop through micropores of the carbon layer, so that the continuity of the nutrient supply of the crop is controlled, and the loss of solid substances storing the nutrient substances in the nutrient substances is prevented in a water flow state; the invention utilizes the carbon structure of the arc-shaped disc to protect the storage state of the biological fertilizer under different conditions of natural environment, ensures that the biological fertilizer acts on the root system area of crops in the plot, gradually converts nutrient substances of the biological fertilizer through microbial flora in the growth process of the crops, balances the release rate of the nutrients in the biological fertilizer, controls the time for finally decomposing the mechanical carbon structure by controlling the specific gravity between the microbial flora and the biological fertilizer, achieves the complete decomposition of the carbon structure in the biological fertilizer, enhances the nutrient level of the carbon content in the plot, and improves the application effect of the biological fertilizer.
Preferably, the bottom of the carbon cover cylinder is provided with an annular sharp edge, and the sharp edge is fixed on the circumferential edge of the carbon cover cylinder; the end surface of the sharp edge is provided with a deep groove which divides the sharp edge into an inner layer and an outer layer; after the arc-shaped disc is arranged in the soil around the crops, the soil is easy to bond under the action of rainwater, so that the air permeability of the soil is reduced, nutrient substances in soil particles can be dispersed along with the flowing of the rainwater, and the action effect of the added biological fertilizer is damaged; through setting up at the ascending sharp arris of carbon cover section of thick bamboo circumference, placing the in-process at crop rhizome department soil with a carbon cover section of thick bamboo, the soil of carbon cover section of thick bamboo below is separated to the sharp arris to make the inside and outside both sides of sharp arris open through the deep groove on its terminal surface, fixed the position of a carbon cover section of thick bamboo in soil, and restricted the flow around a carbon cover section of thick bamboo of water that gets into from the soil top layer, ensured that the biological fertilizer nutrient of interpolation is not broken away, thereby promoted the absorption efficiency of crop to biological fertilizer.
Preferably, the conical surface of the carbon column cylinder is provided with a convex plate, and the convex plate is arranged on the conical surface of the carbon column cylinder in a spiral gap manner; a surrounding wedge block is arranged on the top of the carbon column casing in the circumferential direction, and a wedge pit is arranged on the inner wall of the through hole of the carbon column casing corresponding to the wedge block; in the process of inserting the carbon cover cylinder and the carbon column cylinder into the soil, the verticality of the posture of the carbon cover cylinder and the carbon column cylinder needs to be maintained so as to ensure that the biological fertilizer in the carbon cover cylinder acts on the soil of the crop root system under the gravity, avoid the waste of the biological fertilizer and consume a large acting force to insert the biological fertilizer into the soil; according to the invention, the convex plates which are spirally arranged on the carbon column cylinder are arranged, so that the carbon column cylinder extends into the convex plates in the circumferential soil in the process of inserting the carbon column cylinder into the soil, the inclination of the carbon column cylinder in the feeding process is avoided, the inclined convex plates drive the carbon column cylinder to be inserted into the soil in a rotating posture, and the wedge blocks and the wedge pits on the carbon cover cylinder interact with each other, so that the carbon column cylinder vibrates in the process of inserting the carbon column cylinder into the soil, the required acting force is reduced, and the arrangement effect of the biological fertilizer is improved.
Preferably, the convex plate is provided with inclined fins, the fins form an inverted buckle on the surface of the convex plate, and the convex plate is embedded on the surface of the carbon column barrel; after the carbon column barrel is inserted into soil, the soil can correspondingly expand and contract under the change of the external environment, so that the position of the carbon column barrel in the soil is changed, the hardening caused by excessive loss of nutrient content in the soil can influence the growth of crops, and the nutrients which are uniformly released by wrapping the carbon structure limit the timely supplement of the nutrients required by the crops; according to the invention, the fins which are arranged on the guide plate and play a role of back-off are used for preventing the carbon column barrel from moving in the change of the soil structure and separating from the initial position of the biological fertilizer function inserted into the soil, and the guide plate is embedded on the carbon column barrel, so that the guide plate is separated from the carbon column barrel by the acting force of the hardened soil blocks on the guide plate in the deformation process of hardening of the soil, the biological fertilizer stored in the carbon column barrel is released, the nutrients in the soil are supplemented in time, and the application effect of the biological fertilizer on different soil conditions is improved.
Preferably, the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder is circumferentially provided with laminated annular plates, and the annular plates are positioned on a horizontal plane in the carbon cover cylinder; the ring plates are distributed on two sides of the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder in a staggered manner, and the upper surfaces of the ring plates are provided with reticular bulges; the biological fertilizer added into the soil improves the growth rate of crops, further increases the nutrient absorption efficiency of the crops, further accelerates the depletion of nutrients of the biological fertilizer, and then the sudden drop of the nutrient content can make the growth of the crops enter a stasis state, so that the balanced release rate of the biological fertilizer is difficult to control to maintain the normal growth of the crops; according to the invention, the ring plate arranged in the carbon cover cylinder separates the space in the carbon cover cylinder, so that the gathering effect of microbial flora in the carbon cover cylinder is reduced, the output rate of converting the biological fertilizer in the carbon cover cylinder into nutrients is limited, meanwhile, the net-shaped bulges on the surface of the ring plate increase the surface area inside the carbon cover cylinder, the contact area for filling the biological fertilizer is increased, the action time of the biological fertilizer is further prolonged, and the application effect of the biological fertilizer is further improved.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer is suitable for the biological fertilizer, and comprises the following steps:
s1, batching: mixing humus and microbial flora, controlling water content in the humus to be 40-60%, controlling pH of the humus to be in a weak acidic state of 6.2-6.8, adjusting the pH value of the acidic bentonite to be 4.5-5.8, and adjusting the humidity of the acidic bentonite to be more than 80%; the activity state of microbial flora is adjusted by controlling the water content, and the humidity of the acidic bentonite is convenient for the coating process in the subsequent filling process;
s2, blank making: placing the machine-made carbon material in a state of 2.2-2.8MPa to prepare a blank of a carbon column cylinder and a carbon cover cylinder, wherein an opening is reserved at the top of the carbon column cylinder, a bayonet is reserved in the circumferential direction of the carbon cover cylinder, and the blank is controlled to have the water content of 25-40% through atomization and wetting treatment; the water content of the carbon structure of the blank body is kept, so that the toughness of the structure is improved, and the aim of drying and folding the blank body in the filling process is fulfilled;
s3, filling: filling the prepared ingredients in the S1 into a blank of S2, firstly filling 80-90% of space in a carbon column cylinder with biochar, then successively coating salicyl alcohol and acidic bentonite on the inner wall of a carbon cover cylinder 1, then filling microbial flora and humus into the carbon cover cylinder, and finally placing the carbon cover cylinder and the carbon column cylinder at 120 ℃ and 1.2-1.5MPa for drying for 15-25S to be folded to prepare the required biological fertilizer; by controlling the space occupation ratio of the biological carbon filling, the expansion of the biological carbon is prevented from damaging the structure of the carbon column cylinder under the temperature change in the environment, and the inactivation of microbial flora in the biological carbon is prevented in the rapid drying and folding process.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the storage state of the biological fertilizer under a natural environment is protected by the arc-shaped disc carbon structure, and the release rate of nutrients in the biological fertilizer is balanced, so that the carbon structure in the biological fertilizer is completely decomposed, and the nutrient level of the carbon content in the land is enhanced; the sharp edges arranged on the circumference of the carbon cover cylinder separate the soil below the carbon cover cylinder, so that nutrients of the added biological fertilizer are prevented from being dispersed; the convex plate arranged on the carbon column barrel in a spiral mode is arranged, so that the carbon column barrel is prevented from inclining in the feeding process, wedge pits in the carbon cover barrel act through wedge blocks, vibration is generated in the process of inserting soil, and required acting force is reduced.
2. According to the invention, the fins which are arranged on the guide plate and play a role of back-off are used for preventing the carbon column cylinder from moving in the change of the soil structure, and the hardened soil blocks are separated from the carbon column cylinder by the acting force of the hardened soil blocks on the guide plate, so that the stored biological fertilizer is released, and the nutrients in the soil are supplemented in time; the ring plate arranged in the carbon cover cylinder reduces the gathering effect of microbial flora in the carbon cover cylinder and prolongs the action time of the biological fertilizer.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for the production of biological fertilizer according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an arcuate plate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a carbon cap cartridge and a carbon column cartridge according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the structure of the charcoal cover cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 3 at A;
in the figure: the carbon column comprises a carbon cover cylinder 1, a through hole 11, a wedge pit 12, a carbon column cylinder 2, a concave hole 21, a carbon ball 211, a convex plate 22, a wedge 23, a fin 24, an arc-shaped frame 3, a sharp edge 4, a deep groove 41, a ring plate 5 and a reticular bulge 51.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the bio-fertilizer of the present invention comprises the following components by weight:
26-34 parts of biochar,
16-22 parts of machine-made carbon,
10-12 parts of microbial flora,
6-9 parts of acid bentonite,
4-6 parts of humus,
0.5-0.8 part of salicyl alcohol;
wherein the machine-made carbon is prefabricated into an arc-shaped disc for bearing residual substances in the biological fertilizer; the biochar is used as a main raw material of nutrients in the biological fertilizer, is made into an arc disc shape together with machine-made carbon and is used for surrounding the root system of crops placed on a land, the carbon content in soil is increased through a carrier with a carbon structure, and the biochar is gradually decomposed in the metabolic process of microbial floras to control the uniformity of the release of the nutrients in the biological fertilizer; humus added in the biological fertilizer is used for supplying main nutrients for microbial flora proliferation, biochar is converted into secondary compounds through metabolic action of the biochar and is easier to be absorbed by crops, and the added bentonite is used for expanding to fill the inner space of the arc-shaped disc under the rainwater condition, so that nutrient substances in the biological fertilizer are prevented from being taken away from the arc-shaped disc by flushing water flow, the faintly acid of the biological fertilizer in a moisture state is maintained, and the activity of the microbial flora is ensured; the added salicyl alcohol is gradually oxidized into salicylic acid in the effective process of the biological fertilizer, so that the nutrient substances in the biological fertilizer are prevented from being self-decomposed, and the metabolism of the biological fertilizer by microbial flora is ensured;
the arc-shaped disc comprises a carbon cover cylinder 1, a carbon column cylinder 2 and an arc-shaped frame 3; the carbon cover cylinder 1 is arranged in the arc-shaped frame 3 to form the shape of an arc-shaped disc; a through hole 11 is formed in the center of the carbon cover cylinder 1 in a penetrating mode, and the carbon cover cylinder 1 is annular; the carbon column barrel 2 is arranged in the through hole 11, the bottom of the carbon column barrel 2 is conical, a spherical concave hole 21 is formed in the bottom end of the carbon column barrel 2, and a carbon ball 211 which is installed in a rolling mode is arranged in the concave hole 21; the carbon cover cylinder 1 and the carbon column cylinder 2 are made of machine-made carbon; the carbon ball 211 is made of charcoal; the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder 1 is coated with acidic bentonite and salicyl alcohol, and the rest space in the carbon cover cylinder 1 is filled with microbial flora and humus; granular biochar is filled in the carbon column barrel 2; when the biological fertilizer is used, the biological fertilizer is added into a land where crops are planted for supplementing nutrients required in the growth process of the crops, the added biological fertilizer is usually spread on the land around the crops, and the biological fertilizer and soil are different in substance composition, so that the biological fertilizer is easy to run off to each position in the land under the rainwater condition, the nutrient content absorbed by the root area of the crops is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the biological fertilizer in the growth process of the crops is reduced, the nutrient supply in the growth process of the crops is influenced, and the use effect of the biological fertilizer is weakened; therefore, the biological fertilizer arranged in the carbon cover cylinder 1 and the carbon column cylinder 2 is inserted into the plot at the root position of the crop, the carbon content in the plot is directly enhanced through the carbon ball 211 made of the biological carbon arranged at the bottom end of the carbon column cylinder 2, and nutrient substances generated by metabolism of microbial flora are reduced to the soil area of the root system of the crop through the micropores of the carbon layer, so that the continuity of the nutrient supply of the crop is controlled, and the loss of solid substances storing the nutrient substances in the nutrient substances is prevented in a water flow state; the invention utilizes the carbon structure of the arc-shaped disc to protect the storage state of the biological fertilizer under different conditions of natural environment, ensures that the biological fertilizer acts on the root system area of crops in the plot, gradually converts nutrient substances of the biological fertilizer through microbial flora in the growth process of the crops, balances the release rate of the nutrients in the biological fertilizer, controls the time for finally decomposing the mechanical carbon structure by controlling the specific gravity between the microbial flora and the biological fertilizer, achieves the complete decomposition of the carbon structure in the biological fertilizer, enhances the nutrient level of the carbon content in the plot, and improves the application effect of the biological fertilizer.
As an embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the carbon cover cylinder 1 is provided with an annular sharp edge 4, and the sharp edge 4 is fixed on the circumferential edge of the carbon cover cylinder 1; the end surface of the sharp edge 4 is provided with a deep groove 41, and the sharp edge 4 is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer by the deep groove 41; after the arc-shaped disc is arranged in the soil around the crops, the soil is easy to bond under the action of rainwater, so that the air permeability of the soil is reduced, nutrient substances in soil particles can be dispersed along with the flowing of the rainwater, and the action effect of the added biological fertilizer is damaged; through setting up sharp arris 4 at a charcoal lid section of thick bamboo 1 circumference, placing a charcoal lid section of thick bamboo 1 at the in-process of crop rhizome department soil, sharp arris 4 separates the soil of a charcoal lid section of thick bamboo 1 below and come, and make the inside and outside both sides of sharp arris 4 open through deep groove 41 on its terminal surface, fixed the position of a charcoal lid section of thick bamboo 1 in soil, and restricted the flow around a charcoal lid section of thick bamboo 1 of water that gets into from the soil top layer, ensured that the biological fertilizer nutrient of interpolation is not broken away, thereby promoted the absorption efficiency of crop to the biological fertilizer.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a convex plate 22 is disposed on the conical surface of the carbon column 2, and the convex plate 22 is arranged on the conical surface of the carbon column 2 in a spiral gap; a surrounding wedge block 23 is arranged on the top of the carbon column casing 2 in the circumferential direction, and a wedge pit 12 is arranged on the inner wall of the through hole 11 of the carbon column casing 2 corresponding to the wedge block 23; in the process of inserting the carbon cover cylinder 1 and the carbon column cylinder 2 into the soil, the verticality of the posture of the carbon cover cylinder needs to be maintained so as to ensure that the biological fertilizer in the carbon cover cylinder acts on the soil of the root system of the crop under the gravity, so that the waste of the biological fertilizer is avoided, and the carbon cover cylinder and the carbon column cylinder need to consume a large acting force to be inserted into the soil; according to the invention, the convex plates 22 which are spirally arranged on the carbon column barrel 2 are arranged, so that the carbon column barrel 2 extends into the convex plates 22 in the circumferential soil in the process of inserting the carbon column barrel 2 into the soil, the inclination of the carbon column barrel 2 in the feeding process is avoided, the inclined convex plates 22 drive the carbon column barrel 2 to be inserted into the soil in a rotating posture, and the wedge blocks 23 interact with the wedge pits 12 on the carbon cover barrel 1, so that the carbon column barrel 2 vibrates in the process of inserting the carbon column barrel into the soil, the required acting force is reduced, and the arrangement effect of the biological fertilizer is improved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the convex plate 22 is provided with inclined fins 24, the fins 24 form an inverse buckle on the surface of the convex plate 22, and the convex plate 22 is embedded on the surface of the carbon column 2; after the carbon column barrel 2 is inserted into soil, the soil can correspondingly expand and contract under the change of the external environment, so that the position of the carbon column barrel 2 in the soil is changed, the hardening caused by excessive loss of nutrient content in the soil can influence the growth of crops, and the nutrients which are uniformly released by wrapping the carbon structure limit the timely supplement of the nutrients required by the crops; according to the invention, the fins 24 which are arranged on the guide plate and play a role of back-off are used for preventing the carbon column barrel 2 from moving in the change of the soil structure and separating from the initial position of the biological fertilizer function inserted into the soil, and the guide plate is embedded on the carbon column barrel 2, so that the guide plate is separated from the carbon column barrel 2 by the acting force of the hardened soil blocks on the guide plate in the deformation process of hardening of the soil, the biological fertilizer stored in the carbon column barrel 2 is released, the nutrients in the soil are supplemented in time, and the application effect of the biological fertilizer on different soil conditions is improved.
As an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of annular plates 5 are arranged on the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder 1 in the circumferential direction, and the annular plates 5 are positioned on the horizontal plane in the carbon cover cylinder 1; the ring plates 5 are distributed on two sides of the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder 1 in a staggered mode, and the upper surface of each ring plate 5 is provided with a reticular bulge 51; the biological fertilizer added into the soil improves the growth rate of crops, further increases the nutrient absorption efficiency of the crops, further accelerates the depletion of nutrients of the biological fertilizer, and then the sudden drop of the nutrient content can make the growth of the crops enter a stasis state, so that the balanced release rate of the biological fertilizer is difficult to control to maintain the normal growth of the crops; according to the invention, the ring plate 5 arranged in the carbon cover cylinder 1 is used for separating the space therein, so that the gathering effect of microbial flora in the carbon cover cylinder 1 is reduced, the output rate of converting the biological fertilizer in the carbon cover cylinder 1 into nutrients is limited, meanwhile, the net-shaped bulges 51 on the surface of the ring plate 5 increase the surface area inside the carbon cover cylinder 1, the contact area for filling the biological fertilizer is increased, the action time of the biological fertilizer is further prolonged, and the application effect of the biological fertilizer is further improved.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer is suitable for the biological fertilizer, and comprises the following steps:
s1, batching: mixing humus and microbial flora, controlling water content in the humus to be 40-60%, controlling pH of the humus to be in a weak acidic state of 6.2-6.8, adjusting the pH value of the acidic bentonite to be 4.5-5.8, and adjusting the humidity of the acidic bentonite to be more than 80%; the activity state of microbial flora is adjusted by controlling the water content, and the humidity of the acidic bentonite is convenient for the coating process in the subsequent filling process;
s2, blank making: placing the machine-made carbon material in a state of 2.2-2.8MPa to prepare green bodies of a carbon column cylinder 2 and a carbon cover cylinder 1, wherein an opening is reserved at the top of the carbon column cylinder 2, a bayonet is reserved in the circumferential direction of the carbon cover cylinder 1, and the green bodies are controlled to have the water content of 25-40% through atomization and wetting treatment; the water content of the carbon structure of the blank body is kept, so that the toughness of the structure is improved, and the aim of drying and folding the blank body in the filling process is fulfilled;
s3, filling: filling the prepared ingredients in the S1 into a blank of S2, firstly filling 80-90% of the space in the carbon column cylinder 2 with the biochar, then successively coating salicyl alcohol and acidic bentonite on the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder 1, then filling microbial flora and humus into the carbon cover cylinder 1, and finally placing the carbon cover cylinder 1 and the carbon column cylinder 2 at 120 ℃ and 1.2-1.5MPa for drying for 15-25S to prepare the required bio-fertilizer; by controlling the space occupation ratio of the biological carbon filling, the expansion of the biological carbon is prevented from damaging the structure of the carbon column barrel 2 under the temperature change in the environment, and the inactivation of microbial flora in the biological carbon is prevented in the rapid drying and folding process.
When in use, biological fertilizer is added into the land where crops are planted to supplement nutrients needed in the growth process of the crops; biological fertilizers arranged in the carbon cover cylinder 1 and the carbon column cylinder 2 are inserted into a plot at the root position of a crop, carbon content in the plot is directly enhanced through a carbon ball 211 made of biological carbon arranged at the bottom end of the carbon column cylinder 2, nutrient substances generated by metabolism of microbial flora are reduced to a soil area of a crop root system through micropores of a carbon layer, the continuity of crop nutrient supply is controlled, and solid substances storing the nutrient substances are prevented from being dissipated out in a water flow state; the sharp edges 4 are arranged on the circumference of the carbon cover cylinder 1, in the process of placing the carbon cover cylinder 1 in soil at the root of crops, the soil below the carbon cover cylinder 1 is separated by the sharp edges 4, the inner side and the outer side of the sharp edges 4 are opened through the deep grooves 41 on the end surface of the sharp edges, the position of the carbon cover cylinder 1 in the soil is fixed, the flowing of water entering from the surface layer of the soil around the carbon cover cylinder 1 is limited, and the nutrients of the added biological fertilizer are prevented from being dispersed; the convex plates 22 which are spirally arranged on the carbon column barrel 2 are arranged, so that the carbon column barrel 2 extends into the convex plates 22 in the circumferential soil in the process of inserting the carbon column barrel 2 into the soil, the inclination of the carbon column barrel 2 in the feeding process is avoided, the inclined convex plates 22 drive the carbon column barrel 2 to be inserted into the soil in a rotating posture, and the wedge blocks 23 are interacted with the wedge pits 12 on the carbon cover barrel 1, so that the carbon column barrel 2 vibrates in the process of inserting the carbon column barrel into the soil, and the required acting force is reduced; the fin 24 which is arranged on the guide plate and plays a role of back-off prevents the carbon column barrel 2 from moving in the change of the soil structure and separating from the initial position of the biological fertilizer function inserted into the soil, and the guide plate is embedded on the carbon column barrel 2, so that the hardened soil blocks can separate from the carbon column barrel 2 under the action of the guide plate in the hardened deformation process of the soil, the biological fertilizer stored in the carbon column barrel 2 is released, and the nutrients in the soil can be supplemented in time; through the ring plate 5 that sets up in carbon cover section of thick bamboo 1, separate the space therein, reduced the effect that gathers of microbial community in the carbon cover section of thick bamboo 1, restricted the output rate that the bio-fertilizer in the carbon cover section of thick bamboo 1 turned into the nutrient, the netted arch 51 on ring plate 5 surface has increased the inside surface area of carbon cover section of thick bamboo 1 simultaneously, has strengthened the area of contact who fills the bio-fertilizer, and then has prolonged the effect time of bio-fertilizer.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
26-34 parts of biochar,
16-22 parts of machine-made carbon,
10-12 parts of microbial flora,
6-9 parts of acid bentonite,
4-6 parts of humus,
0.5-0.8 part of salicyl alcohol;
wherein the machine-made carbon is prefabricated into an arc-shaped disc for bearing residual substances in the biological fertilizer;
the arc-shaped disc comprises a carbon cover cylinder (1), a carbon column cylinder (2) and an arc-shaped frame (3); the carbon cover cylinder (1) is arranged in the arc-shaped frame (3) to form the shape of an arc-shaped disc; a through hole (11) is formed in the center of the carbon cover cylinder (1) in a penetrating mode, and the carbon cover cylinder (1) is annular; the carbon column barrel (2) is arranged in the through hole (11), the bottom of the carbon column barrel (2) is conical, a spherical concave hole (21) is formed in the bottom end of the carbon column barrel (2), and a carbon ball (211) which is installed in a rolling mode is arranged in the concave hole (21); the components of the carbon cover cylinder (1) and the carbon column cylinder (2) are machine-made carbon; the carbon ball (211) is made of biochar; the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder (1) is coated with acidic bentonite and salicyl alcohol, and microbial flora and humus are filled into the remaining space inside the carbon cover cylinder (1); granular biological carbon is filled in the carbon column cylinder (2).
2. A biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that; the bottom of the carbon cover cylinder (1) is provided with an annular sharp edge (4), and the sharp edge (4) is fixed on the circumferential edge of the carbon cover cylinder (1); the end face of the sharp edge (4) is provided with a deep groove (41), and the sharp edge (4) is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer by the deep groove (41).
3. A biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the conical surface of the carbon column tube (2) is provided with a convex plate (22), and the convex plate (22) is arranged on the conical surface of the carbon column tube (2) in a spiral gap manner; and surrounding wedge blocks (23) are arranged on the periphery of the top of the carbon column casing (2), and wedge pits (12) are formed in the inner walls of the through holes (11) of the wedge blocks (23) corresponding to the carbon column casing (2).
4. A biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the convex plate (22) is provided with inclined fins (24), the fins (24) form an inverted buckle on the surface of the convex plate (22), and the convex plate (22) is embedded on the surface of the carbon column tube (2).
5. A biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the circumference of the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder (1) is provided with a laminated annular plate (5), and the annular plate (5) is positioned on the horizontal plane in the carbon cover cylinder (1); the ring plates (5) are distributed on two sides of the inner wall of the carbon cover cylinder (1) in a staggered mode, and the upper surface of the ring plates (5) is provided with reticular bulges (51).
6. A method for preparing a biological fertilizer, which is suitable for the biological fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises the following steps:
s1, batching: mixing humus and microbial flora, controlling water content in the humus to be 40-60%, controlling pH of the humus to be in a weak acidic state of 6.2-6.8, adjusting the pH value of the acidic bentonite to be 4.5-5.8, and adjusting the humidity of the acidic bentonite to be more than 80%;
s2, blank making: placing the machine-made carbon material in a state of 2.2-2.8MPa to prepare a blank of a carbon column cylinder (2) and a carbon cover cylinder (1), wherein an opening is reserved at the top of the carbon column cylinder (2), a bayonet is reserved in the circumferential direction of the carbon cover cylinder (1), and the blank is controlled to have the water content of 25-40% through atomization and wetting treatment;
s3, filling: filling the prepared ingredients in the S1 into a blank of S2, firstly filling 80-90% of space in the carbon column tube (2) with biochar, then successively coating salicyl alcohol and acid bentonite onto the inner wall of the carbon cover tube (1), then filling microbial flora and humus into the carbon cover tube (1), and finally placing the carbon cover tube (1) and the carbon column tube (2) at 120 ℃ and 1.2-1.5MPa for drying for 15-25S and folding to prepare the required bio-fertilizer.
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| CN202010995190.0A CN112094153A (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010995190.0A CN112094153A (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| US5912330A (en) * | 1994-03-01 | 1999-06-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo | Crystalline maltosyl glucoside, and its production and use |
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| CN106083316A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 河北天善生物技术有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-09-21 CN CN202010995190.0A patent/CN112094153A/en not_active Withdrawn
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| US5912330A (en) * | 1994-03-01 | 1999-06-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo | Crystalline maltosyl glucoside, and its production and use |
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| CN105272639A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-27 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Carbon-based slow-release fertilizer bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN106083316A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 河北天善生物技术有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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