CN112075368A - Prawn digestive tract thickening method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a prawn digestive tract thickening method, which comprises the following steps: on the basis of normally feeding 3-4 times of basic feed every day, feeding the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria to the prawns for 1-2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is as follows: 1500-4500 g/ten thousand/day; feeding continuously for at least 7 days. The feed containing lactobacillus comprises basal feed and lactobacillus solution, and the concentration of lactobacillus is 1.0 × 107～5.0×107(ii) in terms of/g. According to the invention, the feed added with the lactobacillus is fed to the prawns, so that the food intake can be increased, the dominant flora is formed in the intestines and the stomach of the prawns, the intestinal serosa is thickened, the digestion capability is enhanced, the physique is enhanced, the vitality is better, the growth speed of the prawns is obviously improved, and the culture period is effectively shortened. Feeding for 7-10 days continuously to obtain obvious effect; the shrimp culture medium is used in the whole process, the culture period can be shortened by 10-17 days, and shrimps can be produced in 83-90 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a prawn digestive tract thickening method, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.
Background
Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) is commonly known as Penaeus vannamei, white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, etc., and is native to the Pacific coast of south America. The litopenaeus vannamei breeding industry occupies a very important position in the aquaculture industry all over the world, the annual output of the litopenaeus vannamei breeding industry is 6 th of the aquatic product bred all over the world, the annual total output value of the litopenaeus vannamei breeding industry is higher than 1 st of the aquatic product bred all over the world, and the annual output of the litopenaeus vannamei in China accounts for about 30 percent of the world total output. Although the domestic prawn breeding industry is large in scale and wide in coverage area, the breeding mode is backward, the breeding success rate is low and is generally less than 50%, and farmers have conceptual errors and technical blind areas, such as random disinfection, frequent medication and the like, so that the breeding water environment and the biological environment in prawns change greatly, the prawns generate strong stress response, and the prawns are not eaten, have poor digestion and weak constitution after being stressed and are easy to be invaded by harmful bacteria, thereby affecting the yield and the success rate. Therefore, how to scientifically and effectively improve the yield of prawns is the focus of attention of people all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a prawn digestive tract thickening method. The method disclosed by the invention is used for feeding prawns, so that the alimentary canals of the prawns can be effectively enlarged, the food intake of the prawns can be increased by 20-30% after the alimentary canals are enlarged, the growth speed of the prawns is obviously increased, and the culture period can be effectively shortened (the prawns can be grown in 83-90 days, and the 10-17 days are shortened).
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a prawn digestive tract thickening method comprises the following steps: on the basis of normally feeding 3-4 times of basic feed every day, feeding the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria to the prawns for 1-2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is as follows: 1500-4500 g/ten thousand/day; feeding continuously for at least 7 days.
The lactic acid bacteria are common lactic acid bacteria, and the lactic acid bacteria used in the invention are 'Haifu lactic acid bacteria' (execution standard number: Q/GDHF 2, batch number 02/02/20) of Guangdong Haifu pharmaceutical industry Co., Ltd; the lactobacillus can be automatically expanded and cultured, and the method comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of water (the mass ratio of the lactic acid bacteria liquid to the water is preferably 1: 100), adding a proper amount of brown sugar (the mass ratio of the lactic acid bacteria liquid to the brown sugar is preferably 1: 5), sealing and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 3-5 days, and using the lactic acid bacteria liquid when the pH of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is lower than 4.
The feed added with lactobacillus comprises basal feed and lactobacillus solution with concentration of 1.0 × 107～5.0×107(ii)/g; mixing the materials 1 hour before feeding, and feeding after fully absorbing.
The basic feed is a feed for feeding prawns which is ubiquitous in the market, and the basic feed used by the invention is an industrial prawn feed product produced by Jiangsu Yuehai feed Limited company, and has a commodity standard number of Q/JSYH 01-2018.
Further, the concentration of the lactic acid bacterium solution (before addition) was 1.0X 109～2.5×109Per ml, preferably 1.8X 109The addition amount of the lactobacillus liquid is 1 to 2 percent (weight percentage) of the basic feed.
Further, the feeding amount of the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria is as follows: the feeding amount of the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria is as follows: when the shrimp is 100-51 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 850-1100 g/ten thousand tail/day, preferably 1000 g/ten thousand tail/day; when the shrimp is 50-31 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 1200-1300 g/ten thousand tail/day, preferably 1264 g/ten thousand tail/day; when the shrimp is 30 kg/jin and later, the daily feeding amount is 1500-1700 g/ten thousand tails/day, preferably 1625 g/ten thousand tails/day.
Further, the feeding amount of the basic feed is as follows: when the shrimp is 100-51 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 1600-1900 g/ten thousand tails/day, preferably 1750 g/ten thousand tails/day; when the shrimp size is 50-31 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 2000-2200 g/ten thousand tail/day, preferably 2133 g/ten thousand tail/day; when the shrimp size is 30 tails/jin and later, the daily feeding amount is 2500-2700 g/ten thousand tails/day, and 2667 g/ten thousand tails/day is preferred.
Further, feeding for 7-10 days or 20-30 days or the whole course (the whole course for culturing the prawns).
According to the prawn digestive tract thickening method, the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria is fed to the prawns, so that the food intake can be increased, the dominant flora is formed in the intestines and the stomach of the prawns, the intestinal villus membrane is thickened, the digestion capability is enhanced, the physique is enhanced, the activity is better, the growth speed of the prawns is obviously improved, and the culture period is effectively shortened. Feeding for 7-10 days continuously to obtain obvious effect; the shrimp culture medium is used in the whole process, the culture period can be shortened by 10-17 days, and shrimps can be produced in 83-90 days.
The various terms and phrases used herein have the ordinary meaning as is well known to those skilled in the art.
Drawings
FIG. 1: photographs of prawns (medium dose group).
FIG. 2: prawn pictures (medium and high dose group).
FIG. 3: prawn pictures (medium and high dose group).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The instruments, reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are conventional instruments, reagents, materials and the like in the prior art and are commercially available in a normal manner unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods, detection methods, and the like described in the following examples are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the prior art.
The lactic acid bacteria used in the present invention are "Haifu lactic acid bacteria" (accession No.: Q/GDHF 2, lot No. 02/02/20) of Guangdong Haifu pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
The lactic acid bacteria liquid used in the invention is self-propagation culture, and the method comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of water (the mass ratio of the lactic acid bacteria liquid to the water is preferably 1: 100), adding a proper amount of brown sugar (the mass ratio of the lactic acid bacteria liquid to the brown sugar is preferably 1: 5), sealing and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 3-5 days, and using the lactic acid bacteria liquid when the pH of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is lower than 4.
The basic feed used by the invention is an industrial prawn feed product produced by Jiangsu Yuehai feed Limited company.
The feeding amount described in the following experiments is the total daily bait amount per pond, and the feeding amount per ton is the daily feeding amount divided by the number of times of feeding.
Prawn culture experiment
Under the same culture conditions (water temperature is 26-28 ℃, dissolved oxygen is 6-7 mg/L, culture density is 600 tails per cubic body of water, and the water amount in each culture pond is 30m3The water depth is 80 centimeters, mariculture is carried out, the salinity is 18 thousandths, the Ganseng area of the culture place Ganseng City of the cloud harbor city, the seedling release time is 2020 and 3 months and 18), the penaeus vannamei boone is cultured, 6 groups are arranged (each culture pond is a group, the culture quantity of the penaeus vannamei boone in each group is 18000 tails, and the initial weight is 100 tails/jin), the water depth is respectively: control group 1, control group 2, low dose group, medium dose group, high dose group, each group's feeding mode is:
control group 1: the basal feed is normally fed for 4 times every day (the feeding time is 6 am, 11 am, 6 pm and 11 pm, namely one meal is fed every five hours), and the feeding amount is as follows: in the initial stage of cultivation, the daily feeding amount is 3150 g/pond/day, when the shrimp is cultivated to the 71 th day, the shrimp size reaches 50 tails/jin, at the moment, the daily feeding amount is increased to 3840 g/pond/day, when the shrimp is cultivated to the 92 th day, the shrimp size reaches 30 tails/jin, at the moment, the daily feeding amount is increased to 4800 g/pond/day; and (5) culturing until the day 100, wherein the shrimp size reaches 26/jin, and after the culture is finished, the shrimps can be produced. And randomly taking out 180 tails, and measuring the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns, wherein the average thickness is 2.5 mm.
Control group 2: the basal feed is normally fed for 4 times every day, and the basal feed is fed for 2 times (equivalent to that the addition of the lactobacillus liquid is 0) additionally (the basal feed is fed for one meal every four hours from 5 o' clock earlier), and the feeding amount is as follows: in the initial stage of cultivation, the daily feeding amount is 3150 multiplied by 1.5 g/pond/day, the shrimp specification reaches 50 tails/jin when the shrimp is cultivated on the 67 th day, at the moment, the daily feeding amount is increased to 3840 multiplied by 1.5 g/pond/day, the shrimp specification reaches 30 tails/jin when the shrimp is cultivated on the 86 th day, and at the moment, the daily feeding amount is increased to 4800 multiplied by 1.5 g/pond/day; and (5) culturing until the day 95, wherein the shrimp size reaches 26/jin, and after the culture is finished, the shrimps can be produced. And randomly taking out 180 tails, and measuring the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns, wherein the average thickness is 3.0 mm.
Low dose feeding group: feeding basal feed 4 times per day, and feeding feed added with lactobacillus solution 2 times (composed of basal feed and lactobacillus solution with concentration of 1.8 × 10)9The addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 0.5 percent; mixing materials 1 hour before feeding, and feeding after sufficient absorption; the basic feed is an industrial prawn feed product produced by Jiangsu Yuehai feed Limited company) (feeding starts at 5 o' clock, one meal is fed at four-hour intervals, and lactobacillus feed is added at nine am and nine pm), and the feeding amount is as follows: in the initial stage of cultivation, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is 3150 g/pond/day, the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is increased to 1575 g/pond/day (namely, the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is the same as the daily feeding amount of basic feed), when the shrimp is cultivated to 65 days, the shrimp specification reaches 50 kg/kg, at the moment, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is increased to 3840 g/pond/day, the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is increased to 1920 g/pond/day, when the shrimp is cultivated to 82 days, the shrimp specification reaches 30 kg/kg, at the moment, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is increased to 4800 g/pond/day, and the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is increased to 2400 g/pond/day; and (5) culturing until the day 90, wherein the shrimp size reaches 26/jin, and after the culture is finished, the shrimps can be produced. And randomly taking out 180 tails, and measuring the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns, wherein the average thickness is 3.4mm (the size of the digestive tract is given).
Medium dose feeding group: feeding basal feed 4 times per day, and feeding feed added with lactobacillus solution 2 times (composed of basal feed and lactobacillus solution with concentration of 1.8 × 10)9The addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 1.0 percent; mixing materials 1 hour before feeding, and feeding after sufficient absorption; the basic feed is an industrial prawn feed product produced by Jiangsu Yuehai feed Limited company) (feeding starts at 5 o' clock, one meal is fed at four-hour intervals, and lactobacillus feed is added at nine am and nine pm), and the feeding amount is as follows: in the initial stage of cultivation, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is 3150 g/pond/day, the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is 1800 g/pond/day, and the cultivation is carried out untilAt the 62 th day, the shrimp specification reaches 50 tails/jin, at this time, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is increased to 3840 grams/pool/day, the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is increased to 2275 grams/pool/day, when the shrimp is cultured to the 76 th day, the shrimp specification reaches 30 tails/jin, at this time, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is increased to 4800 grams/pool/day, and the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is increased to 2925 grams/pool/day; and (5) culturing until the day 85, wherein the shrimp size reaches 26/jin, and after the culture is finished, the shrimps can be produced. And randomly taking out 180 tails, and measuring the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns, wherein the average thickness is 4.0mm (the size of the digestive tract is given).
Medium and high dose feeding group: feeding basal feed 4 times per day, and feeding feed added with lactobacillus solution 2 times (composed of basal feed and lactobacillus solution with concentration of 1.8 × 10)9The addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 2.0 percent; mixing materials 1 hour before feeding, and feeding after sufficient absorption; the basic feed is an industrial prawn feed product produced by Jiangsu Yuehai feed Limited company) (feeding starts at 5 o' clock, one meal is fed at four-hour intervals, and lactobacillus feed is added at nine am and nine pm), and the feeding amount is as follows: in the initial stage of cultivation, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is 3150 g/pond/day, the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is 1800 g/pond/day, the shrimp specification reaches 50 tails/jin by the time of cultivation on day 60, at the moment, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is increased to 3840 g/pond/day, the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is increased to 2275 g/pond/day, the shrimp specification reaches 30 tails/jin by the time of cultivation on day 75, at the moment, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is increased to 4800 g/pond/day, and the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is 2925 g/pond/day; and (5) culturing till the day 83, wherein the shrimp size reaches 26/jin, and the shrimp can be produced after the culture is finished. And randomly taking out 180 tails, and measuring the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns, wherein the average thickness is 4.0mm (the size of the digestive tract is given).
High dose feeding group: feeding basal feed 4 times per day, and feeding feed added with lactobacillus solution 2 times (composed of basal feed and lactobacillus solution with concentration of 1.8 × 10)9The addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 5.0 percent; mixing materials 1 hour before feeding, fully absorbing, and feeding(ii) a The basic feed is an industrial prawn feed product produced by Jiangsu Yuehai feed Limited company) (feeding starts at 5 o' clock, one meal is fed at four-hour intervals, and lactobacillus feed is added at nine am and nine pm), and the feeding amount is as follows: in the initial stage of cultivation, the daily feeding amount of basic feed is 3150 g/pond/day, the daily feeding amount of feed added with lactobacillus liquid is 1800 g/pond/day, when the shrimp is cultivated to the 66 th day, the shrimp specification reaches 50 tails/jin, at the moment, the daily feeding amount of the basic feed is increased to 3840 g/pond/day, the daily feeding amount of the feed added with the lactobacillus liquid is increased to 2275 g/pond/day, when the shrimp is cultivated to the 81 th day, the shrimp specification reaches 30 tails/jin, at the moment, the daily feeding amount of the basic feed is increased to 4800 g/pond/day, and the daily feeding amount of the feed added with the lactobacillus liquid is 2925 g/pond/day; and (5) culturing until the day 90, wherein the shrimp size reaches 26/jin, and after the culture is finished, the shrimps can be produced. And randomly taking out 180 tails, and measuring the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns, wherein the average thickness is 4.3mm (the size of the digestive tract is given).
The control ratios are shown in table 1. The photographs of the shrimps when they were taken out are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1
The comparison shows that: the feed added with the lactobacillus is added for feeding, so that the alimentary canal of the prawns can be effectively enlarged, after the alimentary canal is enlarged, the food intake of the prawns is obviously increased by 20-30%, the growth speed of the prawns is obviously improved, and the culture period is effectively shortened (the prawns can be grown in 83-85 days, and the culture period is shortened by 15-17 days). As can be seen, the digestive tract is significantly enlarged.
If the amount of lactic acid bacteria added is too low, the effect is not significant. When the addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria is too high, although the digestive tract of the prawns is obviously widened, the intestinal tract of the prawns is too coarse due to the too high concentration of the lactic acid bacteria, the digestion time is shortened, the feed utilization rate is reduced on the contrary, and the shrimp-growing time is obviously longer than that of a medium-dose group and a medium-dose group.
When the addition amount of the lactobacillus is 1.0-2.0%, the effect of thickening the digestive tract is remarkable, and the culture period can be greatly shortened.
The above examples are provided to those of ordinary skill in the art to fully disclose and describe how to make and use the claimed embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure herein. Modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A prawn digestive tract thickening method is characterized by comprising the following steps: on the basis of normally feeding 3-4 times of basic feed every day, feeding the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria to the prawns for 1-2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is as follows: 1500-4500 g/ten thousand/day; feeding continuously for at least 7 days.
2. The method for expanding the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feed containing lactobacillus comprises basal feed and lactobacillus solution, and the concentration of lactobacillus is 1.0 × 107～5.0×107/g。
3. The method for thickening the digestive tract of prawns according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the lactobacillus liquid is 1.0 multiplied by 109～2.5×109The addition amount of the lactobacillus liquid is 1 to 2 percent of the basic feed.
4. The method for expanding the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the lactobacillus liquid is 1.8 multiplied by 109/ml。
5. The method for expanding the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding amount of the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria is as follows: when the shrimp is 100-51 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 850-1100 g/ten thousand/day; when the shrimp is 50-31 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 1200-1300 g/ten thousand/day; when the shrimp is 30 kg/jin and later, the daily feeding amount is 1500-1700 g/ten thousand/day.
6. The method for expanding the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding amount of the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria is as follows: when the shrimp is 100/jin to 51/jin, the daily feeding amount is 1000 g/ten thousand/day; when the shrimp is 50-31 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 1264 g/ten thousand of shrimps/day; when the shrimp is 30/jin and later, the daily feeding amount is 1625 g/ten thousand/day.
7. The method for expanding the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding amount of the basic feed is as follows: when the shrimp is 100-51 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 1600-1900 g/ten thousand tails/day; when the shrimp size is 50-31/jin, the daily feeding amount is 2000-2200 g/ten thousand/day; when the shrimp size is 30/jin and later, the daily feeding amount is 2500-2700 g/ten thousand/day.
8. The method for expanding the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding amount of the basic feed is as follows: when the shrimp is 100/jin to 51/jin, the daily feeding amount is 1750 g/ten thousand/day; when the shrimp is 50-31 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 2133 g/ten thousand tails/day; when the shrimp is 30/jin and later, the daily feeding amount is 2667 g/ten thousand/day.
9. The method for expanding the thickness of the digestive tract of the prawns according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the continuous feeding of the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria is carried out for 7-10 days or 20-30 days or in the whole process.
10. The method for coarsening the digestive tract of the prawn according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized in that: feeding the prawn with feed added with lactobacillus for 2 times a day on the basis of normally feeding the prawn with basal feed for 4 times a day; feeding in the whole process;
the feed added with lactobacillus comprises basal feed and lactobacillus solution with concentration of 1.8 × 109The addition amount of the lactobacillus liquid is 1 to 2 percent of the basic feed;
the feeding amount of the basic feed is as follows: when the shrimp is 100/jin to 51/jin, the daily feeding amount is 1750 g/ten thousand/day; when the shrimp is 50-31 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 2133 g/ten thousand tails/day; when the shrimp is 30 kg/jin and later, the daily feeding amount is 2667 g/ten thousand/day;
the feeding amount of the feed added with the lactic acid bacteria is as follows: when the shrimp is 100/jin to 51/jin, the daily feeding amount is 1000 g/ten thousand/day; when the shrimp is 50-31 kg/kg, the daily feeding amount is 1264 g/ten thousand of shrimps/day; when the shrimp is 30/jin and later, the daily feeding amount is 1625 g/ten thousand/day.
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