CN112075289A - Edible fungus stick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Edible fungus stick and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and discloses an edible fungus stick which is prepared by mixing the following materials: sawdust, wheat bran, corn meal, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess. The preparation method of the fungus stick comprises three steps of stirring materials, bagging, sterilizing and cooling. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the edible fungus stick prepared according to the formula and the proportion has the advantages of high fungus yield, good moisture retention performance and low cost, can greatly reduce the production cost in large-scale production, has good product quality, and is suitable for industrial production; compared with the conventional ingredients and proportions, the average moisture retention performance of the edible fungus stick is improved by 36%, each kilogram of fungus stick can produce 43 grams of edible fungus, and the cost of each kilogram of fungus stick in actual production is reduced by 0.184 yuan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to an edible fungus stick and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The edible fungi can be used as large-scale fungi for human consumption, such as Lentinus Edodes, Pleurotus Ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Auricularia, etc. The cultivation of edible fungi is a good item with small investment, short period and quick effect and can be rapidly developed in China. The cultivation of edible fungi is mainly developed by depending on planting carriers and planting environments. The existing edible fungus sticks mostly use apple sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum powder and brown sugar as raw materials, but the edible fungi cultivated by the formula have the advantages of general fungus yield, poor moisturizing performance and higher cost of the fungus sticks.
In view of this, this patent is filed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the fungus stick prepared by the formula and the proportion has the advantages of high fungus yield, good moisture retention performance and lower cost, and can greatly reduce the production cost in large-scale production.
The invention aims to provide an edible fungus stick.
The invention also aims to provide a method for manufacturing the edible fungus stick.
The edible fungus stick is formed by mixing the following materials: sawdust, wheat bran, corn meal, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the edible fungus stick is prepared by mixing the following materials in parts by mass: 70-80 parts of sawdust, 15-25 parts of wheat bran, 0.1-0.8 part of corn flour, 0.5-1.2 parts of gypsum powder, 0.1-0.8 part of lime, 0.1-1.0 part of brown sugar and 1.5-2.5 parts of loess.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the edible fungus stick is prepared by mixing the following materials in parts by mass: 76.9 parts of sawdust, 19.2 parts of wheat bran, 0.4 part of corn flour, 0.8 part of gypsum powder, 0.4 part of lime, 0.4 part of brown sugar and 1.9 parts of loess.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the wood chips are prepared by mixing the following two components in parts by mass: 60-65 parts of apple sawdust and 10-20 parts of poplar sawdust.
According to the edible fungus stick provided by the embodiment of the invention, the moisture content of the wood chips is 25-30%.
The edible fungus stick as claimed in claim 4, wherein the particle size of the wood chips is 0.5-1.0 cm.
According to the edible fungus stick provided by the embodiment of the invention, the grain size of the wheat bran is 0.2-0.3 cm.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the method for manufacturing the edible fungus stick comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly stirring sawdust, wheat bran powder, corn flour, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess, and spraying water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 35-40% to obtain a wet stirring material;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: putting the wet mixture obtained in the step (1) into a low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag, sealing the bag, and keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 10-12 hours to obtain a sterilized material bag;
(3) and (3) cooling: and (3) cooling the sterilized material bag obtained in the step (2) to be below 28 ℃ to obtain the edible fungus stick, and then inoculating.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the edible fungus stick comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly stirring sawdust, wheat bran powder, corn flour, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess, and spraying water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 38% to obtain a wet mixed material;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: putting the wet mixture obtained in the step (1) into a low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag, sealing the bag, and keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 11 hours to obtain a sterilized material bag;
(3) and (3) cooling: and (3) cooling the sterilized material bag obtained in the step (2) to be below 28 ℃ to obtain the edible fungus stick, and then inoculating.
According to the preparation method of the edible fungus stick, the flat low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag has the size of 600mm multiplied by 200mm, 580mm multiplied by 180mm or 550mm multiplied by 150mm, and the filling amount of the bags with three sizes is 2.9kg, 2.5kg and 1.9kg respectively.
In the raw materials, the apple sawdust belongs to hard miscellaneous trees, the sawdust is full in nutrition, the actual effect is much better than that of a plurality of soft miscellaneous trees, and the apple sawdust is particularly suitable for anti-season mushroom bag materials for autumn cultivation and summer fruiting; the poplar wood chips belong to soft miscellaneous trees, and have high water content and good moisturizing effect; the wheat bran is used for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio; the corn flour is mainly used for increasing the nitrogen source of the mushroom culture medium, and has a certain yield increase effect; the gypsum powder mainly increases trace elements and calcium, and adjusts the pH value of the buffer culture material to drop; the lime has obvious bactericidal effect, contains rich calcium element and can inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria; loess has moisture keeping effect, and can increase mycelium activity and improve mycelium growth; brown sugar contains vitamins and trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese, chromium, etc. which are beneficial to the growth of microorganisms.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the edible fungus stick prepared according to the formula and the proportion has the advantages of high fungus yield, good moisture retention performance and low cost, can greatly reduce the production cost in large-scale production, has good product quality, and is suitable for industrial production;
(2) compared with the conventional ingredients and proportions, the average moisture retention performance of the edible fungus stick is improved by 36%, 43 g of edible fungus can be produced per kg of bar stock, the cost of each kg of fungus bar stock in actual production is reduced by 0.184 yuan, and 8000 fungus sticks, namely 20800 kg of fungus bar stock, can be simultaneously cultivated on a medium-sized cultivation scale, so that 3832 yuan can be saved in one cultivation period, and the production cost is greatly saved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the raw materials adopted by the invention, apple sawdust is purchased from Shaanxi, poplar sawdust can be purchased from poplar processing factories everywhere, wheat bran, corn flour, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess are all commercial products, and no limitation is made.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an edible fungus stick, which is formed by mixing the following materials in parts by mass: 70 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of wheat bran, 0.1 part of corn flour, 0.5 part of gypsum powder, 0.1 part of lime, 0.1 part of brown sugar and 1.5 parts of loess.
The wood chips are prepared by mixing the following two components in percentage by mass: 60 parts of apple sawdust and 10 parts of poplar sawdust; the wood chip moisture content is 35%; the particle size of the wood chips is 0.5 cm; the grain size of the wheat bran is 0.2 cm.
The method for manufacturing the edible fungus stick comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly stirring sawdust, wheat bran powder, corn flour, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess, and spraying water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 35% to obtain a wet mixed material;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: putting the wet mixture obtained in the step (1) into a low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag, sealing the bag, and keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain a sterilized material bag;
(3) and (3) cooling: and (3) cooling the sterilized material bag obtained in the step (2) to be below 28 ℃ to obtain the edible fungus stick, and then inoculating.
The size of the low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag after being paved is 600mm multiplied by 200mm, and the filling amount of the bag is 2.9 kg.
The big bag cultivation has the advantages of large capacity, space saving, large adaptation range of cultivation raw materials (various straw raw materials can be utilized), sufficient nutrition of fruiting fungus sticks in spring and autumn, and 'heat preservation' condition, and the later fruiting management effect of fungus stick shrinkage for high altitude areas and straw raw material cultivation is favorable for improving later yield. However, the problem to be noted is that the bacteria growing process of the big bag overtopping needs to be considered as the problem of high-temperature over-summer bag burning. Especially suitable for the out-of-season cultivation of the straw raw materials in low-temperature and high-altitude areas.
The inoculation process flow of the inoculation box or the inoculation room comprises the following steps:
before inoculation, the inoculation chamber (chamber) is inspected → disinfected (before inoculation, an inoculation chamber ozone machine is opened for disinfection and sterilization till the end of inoculation) → boxing → disinfected (a bacterium rod is wiped by a towel with 75% industrial alcohol) → inoculation (each chamber of the same variety) → cultivation.
Wherein the strain is L808, and the inoculation amount is 1.7%.
And (4) adopting a single-side inoculation sealing mode, and inoculating 5 holes in each bag. The sealing mode of bagging and tying immediately after inoculation can be adopted.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an edible fungus stick, which is formed by mixing the following materials in parts by mass: 80 parts of sawdust, 25 parts of wheat bran, 0.8 part of corn flour, 1.2 parts of gypsum powder, 0.8 part of lime, 1.0 part of brown sugar and 2.5 parts of loess.
The wood chips are prepared by mixing the following two components in percentage by mass: 65 parts of apple sawdust and 20 parts of poplar sawdust; the wood chip moisture content is 40%; the particle size of the wood chips is 1.0 cm; the grain size of the wheat bran is 0.3 cm.
The method for manufacturing the edible fungus stick comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly stirring sawdust, wheat bran powder, corn flour, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess, and spraying water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 40% to obtain a wet mixed material;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: putting the wet mixture obtained in the step (1) into a low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag, sealing the bag, and keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sterilized material bag;
(3) and (3) cooling: and (3) cooling the sterilized material bag obtained in the step (2) to be below 28 ℃ to obtain the edible fungus stick, and then inoculating.
The size of the low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag after being paved is 580mm multiplied by 180mm, and the filling amount of the bag is 2.5 kg.
The medium bag cutting and cultivating mode is between two specifications of a large bag and a small bag, and is suitable for production management in subtropical and low-temperature areas.
The inoculation process flow of the inoculation box or the inoculation room comprises the following steps:
before inoculation, the inoculation chamber (chamber) is inspected → disinfected (before inoculation, an inoculation chamber ozone machine is opened for disinfection and sterilization till the end of inoculation) → boxing → disinfected (a bacterium rod is wiped by a towel with 75% industrial alcohol) → inoculation (each chamber of the same variety) → cultivation.
Wherein the strain is L808, and the inoculation amount is 1.7%.
And (4) adopting a single-side inoculation sealing mode, and inoculating 5 holes in each bag. The sealing mode of bagging and tying immediately after inoculation can be adopted.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an edible fungus stick, which is formed by mixing the following materials in parts by mass: 76.9 parts of sawdust, 19.2 parts of wheat bran, 0.4 part of corn flour, 0.8 part of gypsum powder, 0.4 part of lime, 0.4 part of brown sugar and 1.9 parts of loess.
The wood chips are prepared by mixing the following two components in percentage by mass: 63 parts of apple sawdust and 15 parts of poplar sawdust; the wood chip moisture content is 38%; the particle size of the wood chips is 0.8 cm; the grain size of the wheat bran is 0.25 cm.
A preparation method of an edible fungus stick comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly stirring sawdust, wheat bran powder, corn flour, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess, and spraying water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 38% to obtain a wet mixed material;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: putting the wet mixture obtained in the step (1) into a low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag, sealing the bag, and keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 11 hours to obtain a sterilized material bag;
(3) and (3) cooling: and (3) cooling the sterilized material bag obtained in the step (2) to be below 28 ℃ to obtain the edible fungus stick, and then inoculating.
The size of the low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag after being paved is 550mm multiplied by 150mm, and the filling amount of the bag is 1.9 kg.
The small bag cutting bag is beneficial to selection of a cultivation mode in a higher temperature area, and important problems needing attention are small diameter, poor water retention effect, easiness in water loss, inapplicability to fruiting management in a dry area, and easiness in forbidding, falling and lowering yield due to shrinkage deformation after two times of mushrooms go out in a layered frame mode.
The inoculation process flow of the inoculation box or the inoculation room comprises the following steps:
before inoculation, the inoculation chamber (chamber) is inspected → disinfected (before inoculation, an inoculation chamber ozone machine is opened for disinfection and sterilization till the end of inoculation) → boxing → disinfected (a bacterium rod is wiped by a towel with 75% industrial alcohol) → inoculation (each chamber of the same variety) → cultivation.
Wherein the strain is L808, and the inoculation amount is 1.7%.
The inoculation sealing mode adopts single-side inoculation, and 5 holes are inoculated in each bag. The sealing mode of bagging and tying immediately after inoculation can be adopted.
And (3) bacteria culture room conditions: the bacteria culturing room is clean, dry, ventilated and protected from light; the wall and ground are disinfected by lime water and the space is disinfected by aerosol disinfectant, and auxiliary warming equipment or warming measures are provided.
And (3) fungus cultivation temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature to be 23-25 ℃, ventilating in due time and in proper amount, and culturing in the dark, wherein the relative humidity of air is 60-70%.
And (3) checking fungus bags: the fungus stick pile is in a shape of a Chinese character jing, and the pile layer is 4 layers. The first examination was carried out after inoculation and culture for about 7 days, the second examination was carried out on day 15, and the third examination was carried out on day 25.
Processing the fungus bags; the contaminated bags are picked out and then sterilized, and can be inoculated again without survival and contamination.
Puncturing and ventilating and turning: puncturing holes for the first time: when the hypha grows over 50-60% of the fungus bag, the first pricking can be carried out. Generally, about 25 holes are punctured in each bag, and the depth of the holes is 1 cm-1.5 cm. Air temperature below 25 deg.C; puncturing for the second time: when the hypha grows over the fungus bag, secondary pricking can be carried out, and 6cm iron nail can be used for pricking deeply 2.5 cm-3 cm. The number of the holes is 60-80. After the hole is punctured, the temperature rises quickly, the overtemperature (above 28 ℃) needs to be prevented strictly, the distance between piles (the distance between the piles is 30 cm-40 cm) is increased, the number of layers is reduced, and the piles are 3-4 layers generally and are triangular. At this time, there are many nodules, but the nodules cannot puncture holes, and the holes cannot be punctured at the temperature of above 28 ℃.
Examples of the experiments
The experimental example provides an edible fungus stick, which comprises 1.6kg of apple sawdust, 0.4kg of poplar sawdust, 0.5kg of wheat bran, 0.01kg of corn flour, 0.02kg of gypsum powder, 0.01kg of lime, 0.01kg of brown sugar and 0.05kg of loess, and the total amount is 2.6 kg. The proportions are within the scope of the invention as claimed, for the purpose of facilitating comparison with comparative examples.
The preparation method and the inoculation culture method are the same as those of example 3.
Comparative example
The comparative example provides an edible fungus stick comprising 2.0kg of apple sawdust, 0.55kg of wheat bran, 0.03kg of 5 gypsum powder and 0.02kg of brown sugar, the total being 2.6 kg. The raw materials and the mixture ratio of the comparative example are the conventional ingredients and the mixture ratio.
The preparation method and the inoculation culture method are the same as those of example 3.
Performance test
1. Test for moisture Retention Performance
The test method comprises the following steps: the edible fungus sticks prepared by the methods of examples 1-3, experimental examples and comparative examples were subjected to punching treatment, were left at room temperature for 3 days after punching, and the humidity at a position of 3cm inside the fungus sticks was measured by a soil humiture measuring instrument, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 soil moisture measurement results
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Examples of the experiments | Comparative example |
| Humidity (%) | 75 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 54 |
As can be seen from the above table, in examples 1-3 and the experimental examples, the humidity after being left at room temperature for three days after punching is obviously higher than that of the comparative example, so it can be inferred that the edible fungus sticks prepared by the raw material formula and the method of the invention have better moisturizing performance and the average moisturizing performance is improved by 36% compared with the conventional ingredients.
2. Bacteria production test
The test method comprises the following steps: the edible fungus sticks prepared by the methods of examples 1 to 3, experimental examples and comparative examples were cultured to maturity according to the culture method described in example 3, and the results of calculating the yield of edible fungi were as follows.
TABLE 2 edible fungi yield results
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Examples of the experiments | Comparative example |
| Yield g/bag | 912 | 776 | 598 | 815 | 701 |
As can be seen from the above table, the fungus production amounts of the examples 1 to 3 and the experimental examples are stable, and since the fungus production amount of each kilogram of fungus bar is 313 g on average calculated by 17% of the inoculation amount in term of the fungus stick with big bag in example 1, the fungus stick with medium bag in example 2 and the fungus stick with small bag in example 3, and the fungus production amount of each kilogram of fungus bar in comparative example is 270 g on average, the edible fungus stick prepared by the raw material formula and the method of the invention has stronger fungus production performance compared with the conventional ingredient, and 43 g more edible fungi can be produced by each kilogram of fungus bar.
TABLE 3 calculation results of ingredient cost of experimental examples
TABLE 4 comparative example ingredient cost calculation results
| Raw materials | Quantity (kg) | Univalent (yuan) | Total price (Yuan) |
| Apple sawdust | 2 | 1.10 | 2.20 |
| Wheat bran | 0.55 | 2.20 | 1.21 |
| Gypsum powder | 0.03 | 0.80 | 0.024 |
| Brown sugar | 0.02 | 3.00 | 0.06 |
| Total up to | 2.60 | 3.494 |
As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the batching and proportioning cost of the comparative example is 0.479 yuan higher than that of the experimental example, the cost of each mushroom stick is saved by 0.184 yuan, and for the cultivation scale of normal edible fungi and the reasonable stacking design of the mushroom sticks, taking 2.6 kilograms of mushroom sticks as an example, the cultivation of 8000 mushroom sticks can be simultaneously carried out on the medium-sized cultivation scale, namely 20800 kilograms of mushroom sticks, so that 3832 yuan can be saved in one cultivation period, and the production cost is greatly saved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The edible fungus stick is characterized by being prepared by mixing the following materials in parts by mass: sawdust, wheat bran, corn meal, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess.
2. The edible fungus stick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fungus stick is prepared by mixing the following materials in parts by mass: 70-80 parts of sawdust, 15-25 parts of wheat bran, 0.1-0.8 part of corn flour, 0.5-1.2 parts of gypsum powder, 0.1-0.8 part of lime, 0.1-1.0 part of brown sugar and 1.5-2.5 parts of loess.
3. An edible fungus stick as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fungus stick is prepared by mixing the following materials in parts by mass: 76.9 parts of sawdust, 19.2 parts of wheat bran, 0.4 part of corn flour, 0.8 part of gypsum powder, 0.4 part of lime, 0.4 part of brown sugar and 1.9 parts of loess.
4. An edible fungus stick according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wood chips are prepared by mixing the following two components in parts by mass: 60-65 parts of apple sawdust and 10-20 parts of poplar sawdust.
5. The edible mushroom stick according to claim 4, wherein the wood chips have a moisture content of 35-40%.
6. The edible fungus stick as claimed in claim 4, wherein the particle size of the wood chips is 0.5-1.0 cm.
7. An edible fungus stick as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wheat bran has a particle size of 0.2 to 0.3 cm.
8. A method for making a mushroom stick of an edible mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the specific method is as follows:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly stirring sawdust, wheat bran, corn flour, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess, and spraying water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 35-40% to obtain a wet mixed material;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: putting the wet mixture obtained in the step (1) into a low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag, sealing the bag, and keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 10-12 hours to obtain a sterilized material bag;
(3) and (3) cooling: and (3) cooling the sterilized material bag obtained in the step (2) to be below 28 ℃ to obtain the edible fungus stick, and then inoculating.
9. The method for preparing the edible fungus stick as claimed in claim 8, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: uniformly stirring sawdust, wheat bran, corn flour, gypsum powder, lime, brown sugar and loess, and spraying water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 38% to obtain a wet stirring material;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: putting the wet mixture obtained in the step (1) into a low-pressure high-density polyethylene bag, sealing the bag, and keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 11 hours to obtain a sterilized material bag;
(3) and (3) cooling: and (3) cooling the sterilized material bag obtained in the step (2) to be below 28 ℃ to obtain the edible fungus stick, and then inoculating.
10. A method for preparing a mushroom stick for edible mushrooms according to claim 8, wherein the low pressure high density polyethylene bags are 600mm x 200mm, 580mm x 180mm or 550mm x 150mm in size after being laid flat, and the filling amount of the bags of the three sizes is 2.9kg, 2.5kg and 1.9kg respectively.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114731905A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-07-12 | 贵州省马桑菌生物科技有限公司 | Plastic biological particle strain preparation formula |
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Application publication date: 20201215 |