CN1120538C - 碱性干电池 - Google Patents

碱性干电池 Download PDF

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CN1120538C
CN1120538C CN98103431A CN98103431A CN1120538C CN 1120538 C CN1120538 C CN 1120538C CN 98103431 A CN98103431 A CN 98103431A CN 98103431 A CN98103431 A CN 98103431A CN 1120538 C CN1120538 C CN 1120538C
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anode
negative electrode
cathode
active material
alkaline dry
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CN1206939A (zh
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小林一成
伊藤幸博
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FDK Twicell Co Ltd
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Toshiba Battery Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/172Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/182Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for cells with a collector centrally disposed in the active mass, e.g. Leclanché cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/06Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
    • H01M6/08Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with cup-shaped electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/023Gel electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H01M2006/5094Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrolyte/electrodes or anode/cathode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/42Alloys based on zinc
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese

Abstract

本发明提供具有特别适合于一次性照像机的闪光灯用电源的碱性干电池。其中,在金属制正极罐1内,具有以电解二氧化锰为活性物质的成形正极合剂2、以锌合金粉末为活性物质的凝胶状负极4、金属制负极集电体5的碱性干电池中,电解二氧化锰的量为1.71g以上,上述锌合金粉末的量为0.65g以上,负极和正极的能量容量比(NE/PE)为1.0~1.20,且前述正极合剂的负极对向面积和前述集电体与凝胶状负极的接触面积的面积比(PA/NA)为1.82~8.24。

Description

碱性干电池
技术领域
本发明是关于碱性干电池,更详细地说是有关具有特别适用于照像机的闪光灯用的电源的特性的碱性干电池。
背景技术
随着使用设备的增加,碱性干电池的需求迅速扩大,近年关于提高容量的研究进行得很多。作为提高容量的方法,例如有扩大内容积以增加活性物质的量,为此减薄正极罐的板厚度和分隔层的厚度。
碱性干电池一直被作为遥控器用电源、便携式立体声放音机用电源,近年除此之外作为简易式移动电话和一次性照像机的闪光灯用电源的需求预计会增多。其中作为一次性照像机的闪光灯用电源时,活性物质的利用率低,目前市面上出售的电池的活性物质的利用率不足30%。因此扩大电池内容积以增大能量容量的方法并不能直接提高性能。
鉴于上述情况,本发明的目的是提供具有特别适用于一次性照像机的闪光灯用电源的性能的碱性干电池。
发明内容
本发明,其是由在兼作正极端子的有底圆筒的金属制正极罐内,介以筒状分隔层配置了以电解二氧化锰为活性物质的中空成形正极合剂和以锌合金粉末为活性物质的凝胶状负极,在该凝胶状负极中插入金属制负极集电体组成的碱性干电池中,其特征在于:电解二氧化锰的量为1.71g以上,上述锌合金粉末的量为0.65g以上,负极和正极的能量容量比(NE/PE)为1.0以上1.20以下,且前述正极合剂与负极的对置面积和前述集电体与凝胶状负极的接触面积的面积比(PA/NA)为1.82以上8.24以下。
碱性干电池的金属制负极集电体通常是棒状,在与负极端子的金属制封口板焊接后,以取出电流为目的插入凝胶状负极中。即,由于与凝胶状负极接触的部分直接起到取出电流的作用,与凝胶状负极接触的面积越大,对取出大电流越有利。
还有,用于一次性照像机的闪光灯用电源的电池的能量容量,即使是市面上销售的电池一半也无问题,可以减少活性物质的量,可提供廉价的电池。进而,如可能减少正极活性物质,可减薄成形正极合剂的厚度,因而可相应地仅就容量增大负极集电体,增大负极集电体与凝胶状负极的接触面积。
以往的碱性干电池的正极活性物质(电解二氧化锰)的量约为3.5g以上,负极活性物质(锌合金粉末)的量为约1.5g以上,但本发明中电解二氧化锰的量为1.71g(以纯度为92%进行换算后)以上即可,锌合金粉末的量为0.65g以上即可。
还有,如果负极能量容量(NE,Ah)和正极能量容量(PE,Ah)的能量容量比(NE/PE)在1.0以下,活性物质的利用率会降低,不实用,如超过1.20,则正极活性物质过度反应,而且正极反应物质的反应结束后,负极活性物质和集电棒由于电化学反应发生气体,在可靠性方面存在不利因素。
此外,正极合剂的负极对向面积(PA)和负极集电体与凝胶状负极的接触面积(NA)的面积比(PA/NA)大于8.24时,负极集电体的集电能力下降,因而不实用,而小于1.82时则难以确保凝胶状负极的必要的填充量。以往的碱性干电池的上述面积比(PA/NA)为9.0~11.0左石。
附图的简要说明
图1显示本发明之实施例的碱性干电池的断面图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图详细说明本发明。
图1显示本发明之实施例的碱性干电池的断面图。
其中,1…正极罐、2…正极合剂、3…分隔层、4…凝凝胶状负极、5…负极集电体、6…绝缘垫圈、7…金属板、8…金属封口板。
组装了如图1所示的7号碱性干电池。在此图中,1是兼作正极端子的有底圆筒形的金属制正极罐,在其内面,作为导电性膜层,涂布了以石墨为主成分的层。在这个正极罐内填充了加压成形为中空圆筒状的正极合剂2。正极合剂2是将电解二氧化锰和石墨混合后,在规定的气压下加压成形为中空圆筒状,装入正极罐1,将比中空部直径粗的棒插入中空部,将正极合剂向正极罐内壁挤压,提高正极合剂和正极罐的接触性。
然后,在正极合剂的中空部内,介以由聚乙烯醇缩乙醛纤维无纺布组成的有底圆筒状的分隔层,填充了凝胶状负极4。凝胶状负极4是将作为凝胶化剂的聚丙烯酸0.50重量份、无汞锌合金粉30重量份、36重量%的氢氧化钾水溶液(含有2%重量比的锌)16.5重量份均一地搅拌、混合成的。凝胶状负极4内,插入了负极集电体5,并使其上端突出。然后将正极罐1的开口部分向内弯曲,用绝缘垫圈6及金属封口板8将正极罐1内密封。
在上述当中,集电体是黄铜制的棒状物,表面镀了无电解锡(平均厚度0.1μm)。在此集电棒的头部上点焊上兼作负极端子的帽子状的金属封口板8,再将环状的金属板7嵌入绝缘垫圈的双重环状部,制作了集电构成体。
作为本发明的实施例,制作了具有上述构造的、表1中所示的负极Zn量(g)、正极MnO2量(g)、能量容量比(NE/PE)、正极合剂的负极对向面积(PA)和负极集电体的凝胶状负极(NA)的接触面积的面积比(PA/NA)的7号碱性干电池。同样,作为比较例、以往例,也制作了具有表1所示各值的电池。
对于这些干电池,进行了以下的实验。即在20℃下静放7天后,用市售的24张一次性照像机在20±2℃的恒温室内每隔30秒按下快门使闪光灯发光,以n=10测定第24张的闪光灯的充电时间(从按下快门到显示充电完毕的指示灯亮为止的时间)。以以往例的充电时间为100将其结果列在表1中。
表1
    负极Zn量(g)     正极MnO2量(g) 能量容量比(NE/PE)   面积比(PA/NA) 充电时间(相对值)
实施例1实施例2实施例3实施例4实施例5实施例6实施例7实施例8实施例9 0.644(0.528)0.770(0.631)0.930(0.763)1.08(0.886)1.16(0.951)1.28(1.05)1.44(1.18)1.57(1.29)1.69(1.39) 1.71(0.527)1.71(0.527)2.40(0.739)2.40(0.739)3.08(0.949)3.08(0.949)3.77(1.16)4.11(1.27)3.77(1.16)     1.001.201.031.201.001.111.021.021.20     1.823.222.394.113.555.485.158.247.10     979381849585909493
比较例1比较例2比较例3 1.57(1.29)0.512(0.420)1.35(1.11) 4.11(1.27)1.71(0.527)3.77(1.16)     1.020.800.96     10.101.827.10     122154135
以往例 1.52(1.25) 3.66(1.13)     1.11     9.16     100
表中的负极的()内的数值是负极的能量容量(Ah),用Zn1.00g=0.820Ah算出的。此外,正极的()内的数值是正极的能量容量(Ah),用MnO21.00g=0.308Ah算出的。
从表1可以明确看出,本发明的碱性干电池与比较例和以往例相比,可以缩短到闪光灯发光为止的时间。并且与以往的相比,可以减少活性物质的量,从而可以提供廉价的电池。
如以上所说明的,本发明之碱性干电池,可以在短时间产生大电流,具有适合于例如一次性照像机的闪光灯用电源的特性,并且可以减少活性物质,在经济上也有利。

Claims (1)

1、碱性干电池,其是由在兼作正极端子的有底圆筒的金属制正极罐内,介以筒状分隔层配置了以电解二氧化锰为活性物质的中空圆筒状成形正极合剂和以锌合金粉末为活性物质的凝胶状负极,在该凝胶状负极中插入金属制负极集电体构成的,其特征在于,电解二氧化锰的量为1.71g以上,上述锌合金粉末的量为0.65g以上,负极和正极的容量比为1.0以上至1.20以下,且前述正极合剂与负极的对置面积和前述集电体与凝胶状负极的接触面积的面积比为1.82以上8.24以下。
CN98103431A 1997-07-24 1998-07-24 碱性干电池 Expired - Fee Related CN1120538C (zh)

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US7776470B2 (en) * 2005-09-28 2010-08-17 Greatbatch Ltd. Anode-to-cathode capacity ratios for SVO/CF x hybrid cathode electrochemical cells
JP5419256B2 (ja) * 2008-12-26 2014-02-19 日立マクセル株式会社 アルカリ電池
US20120208051A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-08-16 Machiko Tsukiji Alkaline secondary battery

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5300371A (en) * 1990-03-23 1994-04-05 Battery Technologies Inc. Manganese dioxide positive electrode for rechargeable cells, and cells containing the same
US5340666A (en) * 1991-03-11 1994-08-23 Battery Technologies Inc. Rechargeable alkaline manganese cell having improved capacity and improved energy density

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US5424145A (en) * 1992-03-18 1995-06-13 Battery Technologies Inc. High capacity rechargeable cell having manganese dioxide electrode

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5300371A (en) * 1990-03-23 1994-04-05 Battery Technologies Inc. Manganese dioxide positive electrode for rechargeable cells, and cells containing the same
US5340666A (en) * 1991-03-11 1994-08-23 Battery Technologies Inc. Rechargeable alkaline manganese cell having improved capacity and improved energy density

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