CN112047774A - Straw fertilizer standardized production line - Google Patents

Straw fertilizer standardized production line Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112047774A
CN112047774A CN202010894508.6A CN202010894508A CN112047774A CN 112047774 A CN112047774 A CN 112047774A CN 202010894508 A CN202010894508 A CN 202010894508A CN 112047774 A CN112047774 A CN 112047774A
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China
Prior art keywords
module
plate
straw
fermentation
production line
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Withdrawn
Application number
CN202010894508.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王翔
赵建荣
杨洪杏
邹长明
王淑娟
杨海蓉
李顶
周椿富
曹胜飞
刘东旭
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Anhui Jumancang Ecological Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Anhui Jumancang Ecological Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Application filed by Anhui Jumancang Ecological Agricultural Technology Co ltd, Anhui University of Science and Technology filed Critical Anhui Jumancang Ecological Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202010894508.6A priority Critical patent/CN112047774A/en
Publication of CN112047774A publication Critical patent/CN112047774A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/957—Apparatus therefor using two or more serially arranged devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/986—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being liquid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a standardized production line of straw organic fertilizer, which consists of a crushing and screening module, a conveying module, a fermentation module, a drying module, a granulation module and a subpackaging module, wherein the crushing and screening module comprises a material guide device, a material pressing device, a material cutting device and a material screening device, the conveying module is communicated with the bottom of the right end of the material screening device, the fermentation module is a closed fermentation tank as a whole, an upper fermentation chamber and a lower fermentation chamber are separated by a horizontal partition board in a closed fermentation tank, the left top of each fermentation chamber is provided with a straw crushing material inlet, the right top is provided with an auxiliary material inlet, the right bottom is a discharge hole, the straw crushing material inlet is connected with the right end of the conveying module through a feeding two-way pipeline, the discharge port is connected with the drying module through a discharge collecting pipeline, the bottom of the drying module is connected with the granulating module, and the granulating module is connected with the sub-packaging module. The production line is used for production, the efficiency is high, the fertilizer efficiency is guaranteed, and the rapid development of modern agriculture is facilitated.

Description

Straw fertilizer standardized production line
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, in particular to a standardized production line of a straw organic fertilizer.
Background
The organic fertilizer is mainly derived from plants and/or animals, and is a carbon-containing material which is applied to soil to provide plant nutrition as a main function. The fertilizer is prepared from biological substances, animal and plant wastes and plant residues, eliminates toxic and harmful substances in the fertilizer, and is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances including various organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The fertilizer not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promote microbial propagation, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil, and is a main nutrient for green food production.
The organic fertilizer has various types, the straws are one of important raw material sources, if the straw-normalized organic fertilizer can be utilized to produce the green waste of the straws, the green waste can be applied to the maximum extent, the air pollution problem caused by burning can be prevented, the organic fertilizer is more scientific and environment-friendly, the sustainable development of novel agriculture is facilitated, and the organic fertilizer has a wide development prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a standardized production line of the straw organic fertilizer, which has high production efficiency of the organic fertilizer and guaranteed fertilizer efficiency and is beneficial to the rapid development of modern agriculture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a standardized production line of straw organic fertilizer, which consists of six modules, namely a crushing and screening module, a conveying module, a fermentation module, a drying module, a granulation module and a subpackaging module, wherein the crushing and screening module comprises a material guide device, a material pressing device, a material cutting device and a material screening device, the conveying module is communicated with the bottom of the right end of the material screening device, the fermentation module is integrally a closed fermentation tank, two fermentation chambers are separated by a horizontal partition plate in the closed fermentation tank and respectively comprise an upper fermentation chamber and a lower fermentation chamber, a through hole which is vertically communicated is arranged in the middle of the partition plate, a longitudinal isolation ring is arranged above the through hole in the upper fermentation chamber, a straw crushed material inlet is arranged at the top of the left side of each fermentation chamber, an auxiliary material inlet is arranged at the top of the right side, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the right side, the straw crushed material inlet is connected with the right end of the conveying module, the discharge gate is connected with the stoving module through ejection of compact collecting pipe, stoving module bottom is connected with the granulation module, and the granulation module is connected with the branch chartered plane module.
The material pressing device comprises a material pressing chamber and a material pressing mechanism arranged at the top of the material pressing chamber, the right end of the material guide device is connected with a straw feeding hole on the left side of the material pressing chamber, an infrared sensor is arranged at the top end of the straw feeding hole, a circle of limiting ring wall is arranged below the straw feeding hole in the material pressing chamber, a circle of bearing ring wall is arranged below the limiting ring wall, the horizontal cross sections of the limiting ring wall and the bearing ring wall are square rings with the same shape and size, a movable lining plate is arranged between the limiting ring wall and the bearing ring wall, the right side of the movable lining plate is connected with an air cylinder through a piston rod, and the air cylinder is fixed at the top of the right side of the material cutting device; the material pressing mechanism comprises a pneumatic pressure plate and a pressure rod connected to the top of the pneumatic pressure plate, the pressure rod penetrates through the top wall of the material pressing chamber to be connected with an external material pressing cylinder, the horizontal section of the pneumatic pressure plate is square, and the side length of the horizontal section of the pneumatic pressure plate is smaller than that of the square of the inner ring of the limiting ring wall; the bottom surface of the right end of the movable lining plate is connected with a sliding block, a section of transverse sliding groove is formed in the top surface of the cutting device, and the sliding block moves along the sliding groove.
Furthermore, a block material feeding hole is formed in the top of the left side of the cutting device and is communicated with the bottom of the pressing device, a material pushing mechanism is arranged on the left side in the cutting device, a rotary cutting mechanism is arranged on the right side in the cutting device and comprises a rotating shaft and six blades which are arranged at the left end of the rotating shaft at equal intervals along the circumference, a bearing seat is arranged at the right end of the cutting device, the rotating shaft is mounted on the bearing seat through a bearing, the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of a speed reducing motor, and an input shaft of the speed reducing motor is connected with an output shaft of a power motor through a belt pulley and a belt; the material pushing mechanism comprises a push plate and a piston rod connected to the left side of the push plate, and the left end of the piston rod penetrates through the wall surface of the left end of the material cutting device and is connected with the material pushing cylinder.
Furthermore, the screening device comprises a sectional screening collecting box, a transmission mechanism connected with the right end of the sectional screening collecting box and a telescopic column connected with the left end of the sectional screening collecting box, the interior of the sectional screening material collecting box is divided into three plates which are respectively a first collecting plate, a second collecting plate and a third collecting plate, the top of the first collecting plate is provided with a cutting blanking port which is communicated with the inside of the cutting device, the cutting blanking port is arranged right below the blade, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom surface of each plate, the upper end surface of the segmented screen material collecting box inclines towards the lower left side, the inclination angle is 15-20 degrees, a fine screen is arranged on the upper end surface corresponding to the top of the first collecting plate, a coarse screen is arranged on the upper end surface corresponding to the top of the second collecting plate, and a material sliding plate inclining towards the lower left side is arranged on the upper end surface corresponding to the top of the third collecting plate; the transmission mechanism comprises a base and a transmission motor arranged on the base, one side of the transmission motor is connected with a rotary table through a rotary shaft, an eccentric shaft is fixedly connected to the front side face of the rotary table, one end, far away from the rotary table, of the eccentric shaft is rotatably connected with a movable rod, one end, far away from the eccentric shaft, of the movable rod is rotatably connected with a translation rod, and the translation rod is fixedly connected with the right end face of the sectional screening material collecting box and is arranged on the same horizontal position with the telescopic column.
Furthermore, the material guiding device comprises a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a transmission belt for connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel, a plurality of material guiding rollers are arranged on the inner side of the transmission belt, a material guiding motor is arranged on the driving wheel, the material guiding device rotates clockwise, and a horizontal pre-limiting plate is respectively arranged at the top of the material guiding device and in the front and the back of the transmission belt.
Furthermore, a transverse auger is arranged in the conveying module, the auger is connected with an output shaft of the conveying motor, and a mechanical valve is arranged on a feeding two-way pipeline, wherein the right end of the conveying module is connected with the straw smashing material inlet.
Furthermore, the top of the upper fermentation chamber is a top plate isolation layer, the top plate isolation layer and the partition plate are both hollow structures, a plurality of exhaust holes are formed in the bottom surfaces of the top plate isolation layer and the partition plate, the right sides of the top plate isolation layer and the partition plate are connected with an air duct, the air duct is connected with two gas branches which are an air inlet branch and an air outlet branch respectively, the end part of the air outlet branch is connected with a vacuum pump, and the end part of the air inlet branch is connected with an air pump; an electronic valve is arranged on the air inlet branch, an air filter is arranged between the electronic valve and the air pump, and an air heating device is arranged at one end of the air inlet branch, which is close to the ventilation pipeline.
Furthermore, a plurality of spraying devices are arranged at the bottoms of the top plate isolation layer and the partition plate; a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are arranged on the rear side wall surface of the upper fermentation chamber; an infrared monitor is arranged at the position, which is 10-15cm below the top plate isolation layer, of the left end of the upper fermentation chamber, an infrared monitor is also arranged at the position, which is 10-15cm below the partition plate, of the left end of the lower fermentation chamber, and the distance from the top of the isolation ring to the top plate isolation layer is smaller than the distance from the infrared monitor in the upper fermentation chamber to the top plate isolation layer; the front end and the rear end of the same horizontal position on the left side in each fermentation chamber are respectively provided with a stirring device, the front end and the rear end of the same horizontal position on the right side are respectively provided with a stirring device, and the stirring devices on the left side and the right side in the same fermentation chamber have height difference.
Furthermore, the stirring device comprises a rotating shaft and helical blades arranged on the surface of the rotating shaft, a plurality of connecting rods are also connected to the rotating shaft in a staggered manner, and stirring blocks are arranged at the end parts, far away from the rotating shaft, of the connecting rods; the outer end parts of all the stirring devices positioned on the left side in the two fermentation chambers are connected with the output end of the same motor through a belt and a belt pulley, and the outer end parts of all the stirring devices positioned on the right side are also connected with the output end of the other motor through a belt and a belt pulley.
Further, the drying module comprises an airflow type dryer and a cyclone separator arranged at the bottom of the airflow type dryer; the granulation module consists of a granulator; the sub-packaging module consists of a swing baffle type shunt device, and materials can be distributed on a plurality of parallel conveyor belts through the swing baffle type shunt device to complete the subsequent packaging process.
Furthermore, all the electric elements related to the invention are electrically connected with the master controller.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the standardized production line disclosed by the invention consists of a plurality of modules, the labor division is clear, the production efficiency of the straw organic fertilizer is greatly improved by the flow matching use of the modules, and the production requirement of large-batch standardized production is met;
2. the crushing and screening module disclosed by the invention has high crushing efficiency, can avoid mechanical failure caused by material blockage due to vehicle congestion, and prolongs the service life of the whole equipment;
3. the fermentation module disclosed by the invention has a simple structure, can be used for aerobic fermentation of straws and also can perform anaerobic fermentation of the straws, the temperature and the humidity in the closed fermentation tank can be controlled from the outside, and the temperature and the humidity requirements required by the straw fermentation are always met; the stirring and turning efficiency of the stirring device is high, the later-stage fermentation process of the straws can be accelerated, the fermentation is complete, the fertilizer efficiency of the produced organic fertilizer is ensured to reach the standard, and the growth of crops is facilitated; compared with the fermentation mode of normal temperature open-air stacking and retting, the method saves the field, has low labor cost and is easy to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a straw organic fertilizer standardized production line;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a crushing and screening module of a straw organic fertilizer standardized production line;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fermentation module of a straw organic fertilizer standardized production line;
FIG. 4 is a schematic bottom view of a material pressing chamber of the straw organic fertilizer standardized production line;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the internal structure of an upper fermentation chamber of the straw organic fertilizer standardized production line;
FIG. 6 is a schematic bottom view of a partition plate of a straw organic fertilizer standardized production line.
The device comprises a material guide device, a material pressing device, a material cutting device, a 04 material sieving device, a 05 closed fermentation tank, a 06 partition plate, an upper fermentation chamber, a lower fermentation chamber, a 09 through hole, a 010 isolating ring, a 011 straw crushed material inlet, an 012 auxiliary material inlet, a 013 discharge port, a 014 feeding two-branch pipeline, a 015 discharging collecting pipeline, a 016 auger, a 017 airflow type drying machine, a 018 granulation machine and a 019 swing baffle type flow dividing device, wherein the material guide device is arranged on the upper side of the material guide device;
11-driving wheel, 12-driven wheel, 13-material guiding motor and 14-pre-limiting plate;
21-material pressing chamber, 22-limit ring wall, 23-bearing ring wall, 24-movable lining plate, 25-cylinder, 26-pneumatic pressure plate, 27-pressure rod, 28-material pressing cylinder and 29-sliding block;
31-block material feeding port, 32-rotating shaft, 33-blade, 34-speed reducing motor, 35-power motor, 36-push plate and 37-material pushing cylinder;
41-sectional screening material collection box, 42-telescopic column, 43-fine screen, 44-coarse screen, 45-material sliding plate, 46-transmission motor, 47-turntable, 48-movable rod and 49-translation rod;
51-spraying device, 52-temperature sensor, 53-humidity sensor, 54-infrared monitor, 55-stirring device, 551-rotating shaft, 552-helical blade, 553-connecting rod, 554-stirring block and 555-motor;
71-a top plate isolation layer, 72-an exhaust hole, 73-an air vent pipeline, 74-a vacuum pump, 75-an air pump, 76-an electronic valve;
161-conveying motor, 162-mechanical valve;
171-cyclone separator.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
It should be noted that the embodiments provided by the present invention are only for effectively explaining the technical features of the present invention, and the terms of positioning such as left side, right side, upper end, lower end, etc. are only for better describing the embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the technical solution of the present invention.
All the electric elements related to the invention are electrically connected with the master controller.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the standardized production line for straw organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention comprises six modules, namely a crushing and screening module, a conveying module, a fermentation module, a drying module, a granulation module and a subpackaging module, wherein the crushing and screening module comprises a material guide device 01, a material pressing device 02, a material cutting device 03 and a material screening device 04, the conveying module is communicated with the bottom of the right end of the material screening device 04, the outside of the fermentation module is integrally provided with a closed fermentation tank 05, the closed fermentation tank 05 is internally divided into two fermentation chambers by a horizontal partition board 06, namely an upper fermentation chamber 07 and a lower fermentation chamber 08, the middle part of the partition board 06 is provided with a through hole 09 which is communicated up and down, a longitudinal isolating ring 010 is arranged above the through hole 09 in the upper fermentation chamber 07, the top of the left side of each fermentation chamber is provided with a straw crushed material inlet 011, and the top of the right side is provided with an auxiliary material, The right side bottom is discharge gate 013, straw crushing material import 011 is connected with the right-hand member of transport module through two branch pipelines 014 of feeding, discharge gate 013 collects the pipeline 015 through the ejection of compact and is connected with the stoving module, stoving module bottom is connected with the granulation module, and the granulation module is connected with the subcontracting module.
The pressing device 02 comprises a pressing chamber 21 and a pressing mechanism arranged at the top of the pressing chamber 21, the right end of the material guide device 01 is connected with a straw feeding hole on the left side of the pressing chamber 21, an infrared sensor is arranged at the top end of the straw feeding hole, a circle of limiting ring wall 22 is arranged below the straw feeding hole in the pressing chamber 21, a circle of bearing ring wall 23 is arranged below the limiting ring wall 22, the horizontal cross sections of the limiting ring wall 22 and the bearing ring wall 23 are square rings with the same shape and size, a movable lining plate 24 is arranged between the limiting ring wall 22 and the bearing ring wall 23, the bottom surface of the movable lining plate 24 is in top surface contact with the bearing ring wall 23, the top surface of the limiting ring wall 22 of the movable lining plate 24 is in bottom surface contact, the right side of the movable lining plate 24 is connected with an air cylinder 25 through a piston rod, and the air cylinder 25 is fixed at the top; the material pressing mechanism comprises a pneumatic pressure plate 26 and a pressure rod 27 connected to the top of the pneumatic pressure plate 26, the pressure rod 27 penetrates through the top wall of the material pressing chamber 21 and is connected with an external material pressing cylinder 28, the horizontal section of the pneumatic pressure plate 26 is square, and the side length of the pressure rod is slightly smaller than that of the square in the inner ring of the limiting ring wall 22, the shapes of the limiting ring wall 22 and the horizontal section of the pneumatic pressure plate 26 are only used for more clearly and completely explaining the invention by combining the attached drawings, and the change of the corresponding shapes cannot be regarded as the limitation of the technical scheme of the invention, as long as the pneumatic pressure plate 26 can be ensured to be adaptively pressed and compacted by penetrating through the limiting ring wall 22; the right end bottom surface of the movable lining plate 24 is connected with a sliding block 29, a section of transverse sliding groove is arranged on the top surface of the cutting device 03, and the sliding block 29 is connected in the sliding groove and moves along the sliding groove.
The top of the left side of the cutting device 03 is provided with a block material inlet 31, the block material inlet 31 is communicated with the bottom of the pressing device 02, the left side in the cutting device 03 is provided with a material pushing mechanism, the right side in the cutting device 03 is provided with a rotary cutting mechanism, the rotary cutting mechanism comprises a rotating shaft 32 and a plurality of blades 33 which are arranged at the left end of the rotating shaft 32 and are distributed at equal angles along the circumference, the number of the blades 33 is not less than six, usually six to twelve, in order to ensure the cutting effect, the cutting efficiency is higher due to the structural design of the plurality of blades, the specific number change is regarded as simple deformation of the technical scheme and cannot be regarded as limitation of the technical scheme, and the change of the corresponding technical scheme is included in the protection range of the invention; a bearing seat is arranged at the right end of the cutting device 03, the rotating shaft 32 is mounted on the bearing seat through a bearing, the rotating shaft 32 is connected with an output shaft of a speed reducing motor 34, and an input shaft of the speed reducing motor 34 is connected with an output shaft of a power motor 35 through a belt pulley and a belt; the material pushing mechanism comprises a push plate 36 and a piston rod connected to the left side of the push plate 36, and the left end of the piston rod penetrates through the wall surface of the left end of the material cutting device 03 to be connected with a material pushing cylinder 37.
The screening device 04 comprises a sectional screening material collecting box 41, a transmission mechanism connected with the right end of the sectional screening material collecting box 41 and a telescopic column 42 connected with the left end of the sectional screening material collecting box 41, the segmented screening collection box 41 is internally divided into three plates, namely a first collection plate, a second collection plate and a third collection plate, the top of the first collecting plate is provided with a cutting and dropping opening which is communicated with the inside of the cutting device 03 and is arranged right below the blade 33, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom surface of each plate, the upper end surface of the segmented screen material collecting box 41 inclines towards the lower left, the inclination angle is 15-20 degrees, a fine screen 43 is arranged on the upper end surface corresponding to the top of the first collecting plate, a coarse screen 44 is arranged on the upper end surface corresponding to the top of the second collecting plate, and a material sliding plate 45 inclining towards the lower left is arranged on the upper end surface corresponding to the top of the third collecting plate; the transmission mechanism comprises a base and a transmission motor 46 arranged on the base, one side of the transmission motor 46 is connected with a rotary table 47 through a rotary shaft, an eccentric shaft is fixedly connected to the front side face of the rotary table 47, one end, far away from the rotary table 47, of the eccentric shaft is rotatably connected with a movable rod 48, one end, far away from the eccentric shaft, of the movable rod 48 is rotatably connected with a horizontal rod 49, and the horizontal rod 49 is fixedly connected with the right end face of the segmented screening material collecting box 41 and is arranged on the same horizontal position with the telescopic column 42.
The material guiding device 01 comprises a driving wheel 11, a driven wheel 12 and a transmission belt for connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel, a plurality of material guiding rollers are arranged on the inner side of the transmission belt, a material guiding motor 13 is arranged on the driving wheel 11, the material guiding device 01 rotates clockwise, and a horizontal pre-limiting plate 14 is respectively arranged at the top of the material guiding device 01 and positioned in the front and the back of the transmission belt.
The concrete operation process of the crushing and screening module is as follows: firstly, the straw raw material is placed on the material guide device 01, the straw raw material is conveyed to the right side through the limiting of the pre-limiting plate 14, the straw raw material enters the material pressing chamber 21 from the straw feeding hole when reaching the right end position, when the infrared sensing instrument at the top end of the straw feeding hole senses that the straw is filled, the main controller closes the material guide motor 13, the material pressing cylinder 28 is started to press the air pressure plate 26 downwards, the straw raw material is tightly pressed by utilizing the relative stress between the air pressure plate 26 and the movable lining plate 24, then the main controller starts the air cylinder 25 to enable the movable lining plate 24 to move rightwards under the driving of the piston rod, and the straw tight blocks immediately fall into the material cutting device 03 from the block material feeding.
Then, the pushing cylinder 37 is started, the pushing plate 36 pushes the block straw to move towards the direction of the rotary cutting mechanism, the block straw is cut by the blade 33 while being pushed, and the cut straw falls into the right end face of the sectional screening material collecting box 41 from the cut material dropping port.
At this time, the master controller starts the transmission motor 46, the transmission motor 46 drives the turntable 47 to rotate through the rotating shaft, and drives the eccentric shaft to rotate, because the eccentric shaft is rotatably connected with the movable rod 48, and one end of the movable rod 48, which is far away from the eccentric shaft, is rotatably connected with the horizontal moving rod 49, the movable rod 48 drives the horizontal moving rod 49 to horizontally move, thereby realizing the horizontal shaking of the sectional screening material collecting box 41, because the upper end surface of the sectional screening material collecting box 41 has a certain inclination angle, therefore, in the process of horizontal shaking of the segmented screen material collecting box 41, the straw crushed materials move to the lower left along with the inclination direction, the minimum particles fall into the first collecting plate block through the fine screen 43, the discharge hole at the bottom of the first collecting plate block is connected with the top of the left end of the conveying module, and the separated thinner straw particles can be directly used for subsequent fermentation and other processes; the larger particles fall into a second collecting plate block through a coarse screen 44, are collected and then are thrown into the material guide device 01 again for secondary material cutting and sorting; the largest particles directly fall into a third collecting plate through the material sliding plate 45, the straw particles collected by the plate usually belong to root and stem parts which are difficult to be decomposed and other impurities, the straw particles are not suitable for producing organic fertilizers, and the materials are directly output.
It should be noted that after the block-shaped material falls into the material cutting device 03, the main controller controls the air cylinder 25 to move the movable weighing plate 24 leftwards until the bottom of the material pressing chamber 21 is closed, and then the feeding and compacting operations of the next batch of straw raw materials can be performed, and all the procedures are matched to operate simultaneously, so that the production efficiency is higher.
Be equipped with horizontal auger 016 in carrying the module, auger 016 is connected with the output shaft of conveying motor 161, is equipped with mechanical valve 162 on the two inlet branch pipelines 014 that the module right-hand member of carrying is connected with straw crushing material import 011, and after the straw crushing material that the granularity that collects in first collection plate block accords with the standard got into the transport module, can be along with auger 016's rotation to the right side motion, throw into the sealed fermentation cylinder 05 with straw crushing material from straw crushing material import 011.
The top of the upper fermentation chamber 07 is provided with a top plate isolation layer 71, the top plate isolation layer 71 and the partition 06 are both hollow structures, the bottom surfaces of the top plate isolation layer 71 and the partition 06 are both provided with a plurality of exhaust holes 72, the right sides of the top plate isolation layer 71 and the partition 06 are connected with an air duct 73, the air duct 73 is connected with two gas branches which are an air inlet branch and an air outlet branch respectively, the end part of the air outlet branch is connected with a vacuum pump 74, and the end part of the air inlet branch is connected with an air pump 75; an electronic valve 76 is arranged on the air inlet branch, an air filter is arranged between the electronic valve 76 and the air pump 75, an air heating device is arranged at one end of the air inlet branch close to the ventilation pipeline 73, the electronic valve 76 and the air pump 75 are opened and the vacuum pump 74 is closed during aerobic fermentation, and the air pump 75 is closed while the vacuum pump 74 is opened during anaerobic fermentation.
A plurality of spraying devices 51 are arranged at the bottoms of the top plate isolation layer 71 and the partition plate 06 for humidifying the fermentation raw materials; a temperature sensor 52 and a humidity sensor 53 are arranged on the rear side wall surface of the upper fermentation chamber 07; an infrared monitor 54 is arranged at the position 10-15cm below the top plate isolation layer 71 at the left end of the upper fermentation chamber 07, an infrared monitor 54 is also arranged at the position 10-15cm below the partition plate 06 at the left end of the lower fermentation chamber 08, and the distance between the top of the isolation ring 010 and the top plate isolation layer 71 is smaller than the distance between the infrared monitor 54 and the top plate isolation layer 71 in the upper fermentation chamber 07;
the isolating ring 010 and the through hole 09 are designed to communicate the upper fermentation chamber with the lower fermentation chamber, so that the temperature and humidity levels in the upper fermentation chamber and the lower fermentation chamber are the same, the whole fermentation process is easy to adjust, and the raw materials in the upper fermentation chamber 07 cannot fall into the lower fermentation chamber 08 from the through hole 09 due to the fact that the isolating ring 010 is higher than the raw materials, and the situation that the raw materials in the lower fermentation chamber 08 excessively block the vent hole 72 at the bottom of the partition plate 06 to influence the subsequent fermentation process is avoided.
The front end and the rear end of the same horizontal position on the left side in each fermentation chamber are respectively provided with a stirring device 55, the front end and the rear end of the same horizontal position on the right side are respectively provided with a stirring device 55, and the stirring devices 55 on the left side and the right side in the same fermentation chamber have height difference.
The stirring device 55 comprises a rotating shaft 551 and helical blades 552 arranged on the surface of the rotating shaft 551, a plurality of connecting rods 553 are also connected on the rotating shaft 551 in a staggered way, and stirring blocks 554 are arranged at the ends of the connecting rods 553 far away from the rotating shaft 551; the main body of the stirring device 55 is similar to a packing auger, in the rotating process, the stirring device 55 on the left side can drive the fermented materials to move rightwards, the stirring device 55 on the right side can drive the fermented materials to move leftwards, and the stirring of the stirring block 554 is assisted, so that the pile turning efficiency is obviously improved, the materials are stirred and mixed more thoroughly, and the later-stage fermentation and decomposition can be accelerated;
the outer end parts of all the stirring devices 55 positioned on the left side in the two fermentation chambers are connected with the output end of the same motor 555 through a belt and a belt pulley, the outer end parts of all the stirring devices 55 positioned on the right side are also connected with the output end of the other motor 555 through a belt and a belt pulley, and all the stirring devices 55 only need two motors 555 to provide power, so that the energy consumption is low, and the power resources are saved.
Taking aerobic fermentation as an example, the specific implementation process of the fermentation module is as follows: firstly, straw crushed materials with the grain size up to the standard are respectively thrown into an upper fermentation chamber 08 and a lower fermentation chamber 09 from a straw crushed material inlet 011, auxiliary materials such as a rapid-decomposition microbial inoculum, poultry excrement, urea and yeast are thrown into the fermentation chambers from an auxiliary material inlet 012, the height of the raw materials is monitored by an infrared monitor 54, when the top surfaces of the fermentation raw materials and the infrared monitor 54 are positioned at the same horizontal position, the infrared monitor 54 sends an alarm signal to a master controller, and feeding is stopped at the moment.
After the raw materials are added, firstly, the temperature and humidity in the equipment are obtained from data fed back to a master controller by a temperature sensor 52 and a humidity sensor 53, when the temperature is insufficient, a gas heating device and an air pump 75 are started, high-temperature gas is injected into a fermentation chamber to heat the interior of the equipment, when the humidity does not reach the standard, a spraying device 51 is started to spray water to the raw materials, when the temperature and the humidity both reach the fermentation standard, the gas heating device and the spraying device 51 are closed, and initial fermentation is started.
After the initial fermentation for 1-2 days, the motor 555 is started to drive the stirring device 55 to rotate to turn the fermented materials, so that the raw materials with the undegraded surfaces can be turned into the interior to be further decomposed, the fermentation is carried out for 1-2 days, a certain amount of decomposed materials are taken out from the discharge hole, the materials are black or black brown, the materials are broken when being slightly kneaded and become soft blocks which can be dissolved in water, the decomposition is finished, and if the requirements are not met, the fermentation can be carried out for about 1 day.
Thoroughly fermented decomposed materials enter a drying module, the drying module comprises an airflow type dryer 017 and a cyclone separator 171 arranged at the bottom of the airflow type dryer 017, the materials are dried in the conveying process, and the dried materials are separated through the cyclone separator;
the dried material enters a granulation module, the granulation module is composed of a granulator 018, and the dried material, black soil and water are granulated in the granulator 018;
after granulation is completed, the materials enter a sub-packaging module which consists of a swing baffle type shunting device 019, and the materials can be distributed on a plurality of parallel conveying belts through the swing baffle type shunting device 019 so as to complete the subsequent packaging process.
The straw organic fertilizer production line disclosed by the invention has the advantages of complete functions, multi-module design, high matching degree, great improvement of production efficiency, and capability of remarkably solving the problem of green pollution caused by straws by compounding large-batch standardized production requirements, and provides great assistance for developing novel green agriculture.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. However, the above description is only an example of the present invention, the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any other embodiments that can be obtained by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical solution of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The production line is characterized by mainly comprising six modules, namely a crushing and screening module, a conveying module, a fermentation module, a drying module, a granulation module and a subpackaging module, wherein the crushing and screening module comprises a guide device (01), a pressing device (02), a cutting device (03) and a screening device (04), the conveying module is communicated with the bottom of the right end of the screening device (04), the outside of the fermentation module is integrally provided with a closed fermentation tank (05), two fermentation chambers are separated by a horizontal partition plate (06) in the closed fermentation tank (05), namely an upper fermentation chamber (07) and a lower fermentation chamber (08), a through hole (09) which is communicated up and down is formed in the middle of the partition plate (06), a longitudinal isolation ring (010) is arranged above the through hole (09) in the upper fermentation chamber (07), and a crushed straw powder inlet (011) and a crushed material inlet (010) are arranged at the top of the left side of each fermentation chamber, The right side top is equipped with auxiliary material import (012), right side bottom is discharge gate (013), straw crushing material import (011) is connected with the right-hand member of carrying the module through two branch pipelines of feeding (014), discharge gate (013) are collected pipeline (015) through the ejection of compact and are connected with the stoving module, stoving module bottom is connected with the granulation module, and the granulation module is connected with the subcontracting module.
2. The production line for standardizing the straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, the pressing device (02) comprises a pressing chamber (21) and a pressing mechanism arranged at the top of the pressing chamber (21), the right end of the material guide device (01) is connected with the straw feeding hole at the left side of the material pressing chamber (21), an infrared sensing instrument is arranged at the top end of the straw feeding hole, a circle of limiting ring wall (22) is arranged below the straw feeding hole in the material pressing chamber (21), a circle of bearing ring wall (23) is arranged below the limiting ring wall (22), the horizontal sections of the limiting ring wall (22) and the bearing ring wall (23) are square rings with the same shape and size, a movable lining plate (24) is arranged between the limiting ring wall (22) and the bearing ring wall (23), the right side of the movable lining plate (24) is connected with an air cylinder (25) through a piston rod, and the air cylinder (25) is fixed at the top of the right side of the cutting device (03); the material pressing mechanism comprises a pneumatic pressure plate (26) and a pressure rod (27) connected to the top of the pneumatic pressure plate (26), the pressure rod (27) penetrates through the top wall of the material pressing chamber (21) to be connected with an external material pressing cylinder (28), the horizontal section of the pneumatic pressure plate (26) is square, and the side length of the horizontal section of the pneumatic pressure plate is smaller than that of the square of the inner ring of the limiting ring wall (22); the bottom surface of the right end of the movable lining plate (24) is connected with a sliding block (29), a section of transverse sliding groove is formed in the top surface of the cutting device (03), and the sliding block (29) is connected in the sliding groove and moves along the sliding groove.
3. The straw organic fertilizer normalized production line as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a block material inlet (31) is arranged at the top of the left side of the cutting device (03), the block material inlet (31) is communicated with the bottom of the pressing device (02), a material pushing mechanism is arranged at the left side in the cutting device (03), a rotary cutting mechanism is arranged at the right side, the rotary cutting mechanism comprises a rotating shaft (32) and six blades (33) which are equidistantly arranged at the left end of the rotating shaft (32) along the circumference, a bearing seat is arranged at the right end of the cutting device (03), the rotating shaft (32) is mounted on the bearing seat through a bearing, the rotating shaft (32) is connected with an output shaft of a speed reducing motor (34), and an input shaft of the speed reducing motor (34) is connected with an output shaft of a power motor (35) through a belt pulley and a belt; the material pushing mechanism comprises a push plate (36) and a piston rod connected to the left side of the push plate (36), and the left end of the piston rod penetrates through the wall surface of the left end of the material cutting device (03) and is connected with a material pushing cylinder (37).
4. The standardized production line of straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the screening device (04) comprises a sectional screening material collection box (41), a transmission mechanism connected with the right end of the sectional screening material collection box (41) and a telescopic column (42) connected with the left end of the sectional screening material collection box (41), the inside of the sectional screening material collection box (41) is divided into three plates which are a first collection plate, a second collection plate and a third collection plate respectively, a cutting material dropping port is arranged at the top of the first collection plate and communicated with the inside of the cutting device (03), the cutting material dropping port is arranged right below the blade (33), a discharge port is arranged on the bottom surface of each plate, the upper end surface of the sectional screening material collection box (41) is inclined towards the lower left, the inclination angle is 15-20 degrees, a fine screen (43) is arranged on the upper end surface corresponding to the top of the first collection plate, a coarse screen (44) is arranged on the upper end face corresponding to the top of the second collecting plate, and a material sliding plate (45) inclined towards the left lower side is arranged on the upper end face corresponding to the top of the third collecting plate; drive mechanism includes the base and establishes drive motor (46) on the base, one side of drive motor (46) is connected with carousel (47) through the pivot, fixedly connected with eccentric shaft on the leading flank of carousel (47), the eccentric shaft is kept away from the one end of carousel (47) is rotated and is connected movable rod (48), movable rod (48) are kept away from the one end of eccentric shaft is rotated and is connected flat pole (49), flat pole (49) and the right-hand member face fixed connection of segmentation sieve material collecting box (41) just establish on same horizontal position with flexible post (42).
5. The straw organic fertilizer standardized production line as claimed in claim 4, wherein the material guiding device (01) comprises a driving wheel (11), a driven wheel (12) and a transmission belt connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel, a plurality of material guiding rollers are arranged on the inner side of the transmission belt, a material guiding motor (13) is arranged on the driving wheel (11), the material guiding device (01) rotates clockwise, and a horizontal pre-limiting plate (14) is respectively arranged on the top of the material guiding device (01) and on the front side and the rear side of the transmission belt.
6. The standardized production line of straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein a transverse auger (016) is arranged in the conveying module, the auger (016) is connected with the output shaft of the conveying motor (161), and a mechanical valve (162) is arranged on a feeding two-way pipeline (014) connected with the straw crushed material inlet (011) at the right end of the conveying module.
7. The straw organic fertilizer standardized production line as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the top of the upper fermentation chamber (07) is provided with a top plate isolation layer (71), the top plate isolation layer (71) and the partition (06) are both hollow, the bottom surfaces of the top plate isolation layer (71) and the partition (06) are both provided with a plurality of exhaust holes (72), the right sides of the top plate isolation layer (71) and the partition (06) are connected with an air duct (73), the air duct (73) is connected with two gas branches which are respectively an air inlet branch and an air outlet branch, the end of the air outlet branch is connected with a vacuum pump (74), and the end of the air inlet branch is connected with an air pump (75); an electronic valve (76) is arranged on the air inlet branch, an air filter is arranged between the electronic valve (76) and the air pump (75), and an air heating device is arranged at one end of the air inlet branch close to the ventilation pipeline (73).
8. The straw organic fertilizer standardized production line as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that a plurality of spraying devices (51) are arranged at the bottom of the top plate isolation layer (71) and the bottom of the partition plate (06); a temperature sensor (52) and a humidity sensor (53) are arranged on the rear side wall surface of the upper fermentation chamber (07); an infrared monitor (54) is arranged at the position, which is 10-15cm below the top plate isolation layer (71), of the left end of the upper fermentation chamber (07), an infrared monitor (54) is also arranged at the position, which is 10-15cm below the partition plate (06), of the left end of the lower fermentation chamber (08), and the distance between the top of the isolation ring (010) and the top plate isolation layer (71) is smaller than the distance between the infrared monitor (54) and the top plate isolation layer (71) in the upper fermentation chamber (07); the front end and the rear end of the same horizontal position on the left side in each fermentation chamber are respectively provided with a stirring device (55), the front end and the rear end of the same horizontal position on the right side are respectively provided with a stirring device (55), and the stirring devices (55) on the left side and the right side in the same fermentation chamber have height difference.
9. The straw organic fertilizer normalized production line as claimed in claim 8, wherein the stirring device (55) comprises a rotating shaft (551) and helical blades (552) arranged on the surface of the rotating shaft (551), a plurality of connecting rods (553) are also connected to the rotating shaft (551) in a staggered manner, and a stirring block (554) is arranged at the end of each connecting rod (553) far away from the rotating shaft (551); the outer end parts of all the stirring devices (55) positioned on the left side in the two fermentation chambers are connected with the output end of the same motor (555) through a belt and a belt pulley, and the outer end parts of all the stirring devices (55) positioned on the right side are also connected with the output end of the other motor (555) through a belt and a belt pulley.
10. The straw organic fertilizer standardized production line as claimed in claim 9, wherein the drying module comprises an air flow type dryer (017) and a cyclone separator (171) provided at the bottom of the air flow type dryer (017); the granulation module consists of a granulator (018); the sub-packaging module consists of a swing baffle type shunt device (019).
CN202010894508.6A 2020-08-31 2020-08-31 Straw fertilizer standardized production line Withdrawn CN112047774A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010894508.6A CN112047774A (en) 2020-08-31 2020-08-31 Straw fertilizer standardized production line

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010894508.6A CN112047774A (en) 2020-08-31 2020-08-31 Straw fertilizer standardized production line

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CN202010894508.6A Withdrawn CN112047774A (en) 2020-08-31 2020-08-31 Straw fertilizer standardized production line

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113292367A (en) * 2021-04-09 2021-08-24 贵州师范学院 Extensible purple perilla straw compost integration raw materials preprocessing device
CN113461448A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-01 山东大学 Assembled landscape composting-cultivation integrated device and use method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113292367A (en) * 2021-04-09 2021-08-24 贵州师范学院 Extensible purple perilla straw compost integration raw materials preprocessing device
CN113461448A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-01 山东大学 Assembled landscape composting-cultivation integrated device and use method thereof
CN113461448B (en) * 2021-07-05 2024-05-31 山东大学 Assembled landscape composting-cultivation integrated device and application method thereof

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Application publication date: 20201208