CN112043001B - Method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme, and cut stems and cigarettes prepared by method - Google Patents
Method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme, and cut stems and cigarettes prepared by method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112043001B CN112043001B CN202010982018.1A CN202010982018A CN112043001B CN 112043001 B CN112043001 B CN 112043001B CN 202010982018 A CN202010982018 A CN 202010982018A CN 112043001 B CN112043001 B CN 112043001B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B5/00—Stripping tobacco; Treatment of stems or ribs
- A24B5/14—Flattening machines for leaves or stems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B5/00—Stripping tobacco; Treatment of stems or ribs
- A24B5/16—Other treatment of stems or ribs, e.g. bending, chopping, incising
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme, and cut stems and cigarettes prepared by the method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) preprocessing tobacco stems, pressing the stems, and cutting the stems to obtain cut stems; (2) spraying compound enzyme liquid on the cut stems; (3) the cut stems are fermented after being laid in a fermentation device, multiple layers of material supporting plates are distributed in the fermentation device, and the laying thickness of the cut stems on each layer of material supporting plate is controlled to be 30-600 mm; (4) and (5) swelling and drying the cut stems to obtain finished cut stems. By regulating and controlling the thickness of the laying material of the cut stems, the thickness of the laying material is increased so that the cut stems in unit weight are in a lower oxygen environment, enzymes related to the internal toughness of the cut stems are passivated, and the breakage rate of the cut stems is obviously reduced on the basis that the sensory quality of the cut stems is kept stable; the prepared cut stems have low shredding rate, the wood gas, irritation and burning hot feeling of the cut stems are obviously reduced, and the aroma components are obviously increased; the cut stems are applied to cigarettes, so that the processing quality and the sensory quality of the cigarettes are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme, and prepared cut stems and cigarettes, belonging to the technical field of tobacco treatment and processing.
Background
The cut stem is a filiform tobacco product prepared from tobacco stem raw materials through a series of procedures. The cut stems have the characteristics of low content of tar and nicotine, good filling performance and the like, are one of main filling materials of cigarette formulas, and play an important role in the cigarette formulas.
From a biomass perspective, any biochemical process and metabolism are not isolated from the participation of enzymes. In recent years, in the tobacco treatment process, the addition of the enzyme preparation can shorten the alcoholization time of the tobacco and change the inherent chemical components of the tobacco.
The process for preparing the cut stems generally comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following working procedures of tobacco stem moisture regaining (stem washing), stem storage, tobacco stem temperature increasing, shredding, stem shred feeding, moisture regaining, drying, puffing and the like. However, the cut stems prepared by the existing process and equipment have high breakage rate, poor uniformity, unstable quality, rough quality and poor sensory quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a method for treating tobacco stems by using biological enzyme, which is characterized in that the thickness of a laying material of cut stems in a fermentation device is controlled, so that the thickness of the laying material of each layer of supporting plate is increased, the cut stems in unit weight are in a low oxygen environment, the enzymes related to the internal toughness of the cut stems are passivated, the complex enzyme liquid is not influenced to act on the cut stems, and the crushing rate of the cut stems is obviously reduced on the basis that the sensory quality of the cut stems is kept stable.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
according to one aspect of the application, a method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzymes comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating tobacco stems, pressing the stems and cutting the stems to obtain cut stems;
(2) spraying compound enzyme liquid on the cut stems obtained in the step (1);
(3) the cut stems obtained in the step (2) are laid in a fermentation device and then fermented, wherein multiple layers of material supporting plates are distributed in the fermentation device, and the thickness of the laid material of the cut stems on each layer of material supporting plate is controlled to be 30-600 mm;
(4) and (4) expanding and drying the cut stems obtained in the step (3) to obtain finished cut stems.
Further, in the step (2), the spreading thickness of the cut stems on each layer of the retainer plate is controlled to be 100-200 mm. Preferably, the lower limit value of the spreading thickness of the cut stems on each layer of the retainer plate is selected from 110mm, 120mm, 130mm, 140mm, 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm or 190mm, and the upper limit value is selected from 110mm, 120mm, 130mm, 140mm, 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm or 190 mm.
Further, in the step (1), the water content of the pretreated tobacco stems is 15-25%, and the temperature is 65-85 ℃; preferably, the pretreatment comprises the operations of screening, moisture regaining, storing and steaming the tobacco stems; preferably, the pretreatment comprises the operations of screening, primary moisture regain, primary storage, secondary moisture regain, secondary storage and stem steaming. The screening is to remove broken stems in the tobacco stems and improve the processing quality of the tobacco stems. The moisture regain increases the moisture content and temperature of the tobacco stems and improves the processing resistance of the tobacco stems. The stored tobacco stems are soft and uniform in moisture, the storage time is 2-4 h, and the storage has influence on the quality and the expansion effect of the tobacco stems.
Further, in the step (1), the thickness of the pressed stalks is 1.5-2.5 mm, the width of the cut stalks is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the length of the cut stalks is 1-30 mm. The stem pressing is used for loosening the tissue of the tobacco stems and preventing the fiber tissue cell structure of the tobacco stems from being damaged in the stem pressing process to influence the expansion effect of cut stems. The shape of the tobacco stems is changed by pressing and cutting the stems, the softened tobacco stems with certain plasticity are flattened and cut into certain stem shreds.
Further, in the step (2), the complex enzyme solution contains cellulase, protease, alpha-amylase, laccase and glutamine synthetase, wherein the ratio of the total activities of the cellulase, the protease, the alpha-amylase, the laccase and the glutamine synthetase in the complex enzyme is 2-200: 2-200: 1-100: 1-50: 1-50; preferably, the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of complex enzyme is 200-20000 million U, the total activity of protease is 200-20000 million U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 100-10000 million U, the total activity of laccase is 100-5000 million U, and the total activity of glutamine synthetase is 100-5000 million U. Wherein, the cellulose is decomposed into oligosaccharide or monosaccharide by the cellulase, the protein is decomposed into polypeptide or amino acid by the protease, the starch is decomposed into maltose or monosaccharide by the alpha-amylase, and the like, and the laccase can catalyze and oxidize phenolic compounds and arylamine compounds; glutamine synthetase participates in the synthesis of glutamic acid and the circulation of nitrogen in microorganisms and plants, and cellulase, protease, alpha-amylase, laccase and glutamine synthetase are used in a combined manner, so that macromolecular substances such as protein, cellulose, starch, lignin and the like in tobacco stems are reduced, aroma components are increased, the wood gas and irritation of cut stems can be obviously reduced, and the burning sensation is reduced; the aroma of the cut stems is improved, and the overall quality of the tobacco stems is improved.
Further, in the step (2), the amount of the compound enzyme solution is 1-6% of the weight of the cut stems; preferably, the amount of the compound enzyme solution is 2-5% of the weight of the cut stems, and the amount of the compound enzyme solution can be 2%, 3%, 4% or 5% of the weight of the cut stems.
Further, in the step (2), the spraying is atomized spraying or manual spraying; preferably, the compound enzyme solution is added into an injection atomizing nozzle for atomizing and spraying. Adding the compound enzyme liquid into an injection atomizing nozzle, and uniformly spraying the compound enzyme liquid on the surface of the cut stem.
Further, in the step (3), the fermentation is performed for 20-100 hours by standing at the temperature of 30-60 ℃ and the humidity of 50-90%; preferably, the fermentation is performed for 24-72 hours by standing and fermenting at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ and the humidity of 60-80%. By optimally controlling the fermentation conditions, the fermentation time is further shortened, and the phenomenon that the tobacco stalks are broken due to excessive degradation of pectin molecules in the tobacco stalks because the fermentation time is too long is effectively avoided; and the static fermentation is adopted, so that the influence of the movement of the tobacco stems on the crushing of the tobacco stems in the dynamic fermentation is avoided.
Further, in the step (3), the fermentation device comprises a multilayer bracket, a temperature control device, a humidity control device and a ventilation device, wherein the multilayer bracket, the temperature control device, the humidity control device and the ventilation device are vertically distributed, the multilayer bracket is used for supporting the cut stems, the cut stems are spread on the bracket, and the multilayer bracket is detachably arranged inside the fermentation device. The temperature control device and the humidity control device control the temperature and humidity conditions inside the fermentation device, so that the cut stems are fermented in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment. The ventilation device comprises a fresh air supply pipeline and a return air exhaust pipeline, and the opening degree of the ventilation device is automatically adjusted through the electromagnetic valve, so that the internal air of the fermentation device is enabled to flow circularly as a whole to exhaust miscellaneous air, and the temperature and the humidity of the fermentation device are always kept at set parameters.
Further, in the step (4), the cut stems are remoistened by a remoistening machine and then dried, wherein the drying temperature is 100-130 ℃.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a cut rolled stem prepared by said method. The shredded tobacco rate of the prepared cut stems is low, the burning hot feeling of the wood gas, the irritation and the combustion of the cut stems is obviously reduced, and the aroma components are obviously increased.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a cigarette comprising said cut rolled stems. The cut stems are added and applied to cigarettes, so that the processing quality and the sensory quality of the cigarettes are improved.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) according to the method for treating the tobacco stems by using the biological enzyme, the spreading thickness of the tobacco stems in the fermentation device is controlled, so that the spreading thickness of each layer of the supporting plate is increased, the tobacco stems in unit weight are in a low-oxygen environment, the enzyme related to the internal toughness of the tobacco stems is passivated, the complex enzyme liquid is not influenced to act on the tobacco stems, and the crushing rate of the tobacco stems is obviously reduced on the basis that the sensory quality of the tobacco stems is kept stable.
(2) According to the method for treating the tobacco stalks by using the biological enzyme, the fermentation time is further shortened by optimizing and controlling the fermentation conditions, and the phenomenon that pectin molecules in the tobacco stalks are excessively degraded to break the cut stalks due to overlong fermentation time is effectively avoided; and the static fermentation is adopted, so that the influence of the movement of the tobacco stems on the crushing of the cut stems in the dynamic fermentation is avoided.
(3) According to the method for treating the tobacco stems by using the biological enzyme, the cellulose, the protease, the alpha-amylase, the laccase and the glutamine synthetase are used in a combined mode, so that macromolecular substances such as protein, cellulose, starch, pectin, lignin and the like in the tobacco stems are reduced, aroma components are increased, the wood gas and irritation of cut stems can be obviously reduced, and burning sensation is reduced.
(4) According to the method for treating the tobacco stems by using the biological enzyme, the shredded tobacco shred breaking rate of the prepared tobacco stems is low, the wood gas, the irritation and the burning hot feeling of the tobacco stems are obviously reduced, and the aroma components are obviously increased; the cut stems are added and applied to cigarettes, so that the processing quality and the sensory quality of the cigarettes are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the bio-enzyme treatment of tobacco stems according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the effect of the complex enzyme solution on total sugar and reducing sugar in cut rolled stems according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the effect of the compound enzyme solution on sweet taste related monomer substances in cut stems according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the effect of the compound enzyme solution on the content of aroma components in cut stems according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is the effect of the compound enzyme solution on the substances related to the wood gas in the cut stem according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is the effect of the complex enzyme solution on the irritation-related substances in cut stems according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is the effect of the complex enzyme solution on the fatty acid related substances in cut rolled stems according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is the effect of the complex enzyme solution according to the present invention on the combustibility-related substances in cut rolled stems.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and the implementation or use of the present invention is not limited by the description of the present invention.
In the present invention, the raw materials and equipment used are commercially available or commonly used in the art, if not specified. The cellulases, proteases and glutamine synthetases in the following examples were all in powder form and were all commercially available. The methods in the examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the formula requirement and the process manufacturing capacity;
(2) screening to remove broken stems in the tobacco stems, and carrying out primary moisture regain, primary storage, secondary moisture regain, secondary storage and stem steaming to ensure that the water content of the tobacco stems is 20% and the temperature is 75 ℃;
(3) pressing and cutting the tobacco stems obtained in the previous step, wherein the thickness of the pressed stems is 1.5-2.5 mm, the width of the cut stems is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the length of the cut stems is 1-30 mm, so that cut stems are obtained;
(4) atomizing and spraying a compound enzyme solution to the cut rolled stem obtained in the previous step, wherein the using amount of the compound enzyme solution is 2% of the weight of the cut rolled stem, the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of compound enzyme is 10000 ten thousand U, the total activity of protease is 10000 ten thousand U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 10000 ten thousand U, the total activity of laccase is 5000 ten thousand U, and the total activity of glutamine synthetase is 5000 ten thousand U;
(5) spreading the cut stems obtained in the previous step on a plurality of layers of supporting plates of a fermentation bin, wherein the spreading thickness of each layer of supporting plate is 100 mm; standing and fermenting for 48h at 45 ℃ and 70% humidity;
(6) and (4) taking the fermented cut stems out of the warehouse, dampening the cut stems by a dampening machine, and then drying to obtain finished cut stems.
By adopting the technical scheme, the shredding rate of the obtained finished cut stems is 0.3%, and sensory evaluation shows that the wood gas and irritation of the cut stems are obviously reduced, and the aroma components are obviously increased.
Example 2
A method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the formula requirement and the process manufacturing capacity;
(2) screening to remove broken stems in the tobacco stems, and carrying out primary moisture regain, primary storage, secondary moisture regain, secondary storage and stem steaming to ensure that the water content of the tobacco stems is 15% and the temperature is 85 ℃;
(3) pressing and cutting the tobacco stems obtained in the previous step, wherein the thickness of the pressed stems is 1.5-2.5 mm, the width of the cut stems is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the length of the cut stems is 1-30 mm, so that cut stems are obtained;
(4) atomizing and spraying a compound enzyme solution to the cut rolled stem obtained in the previous step, wherein the using amount of the compound enzyme solution is 4% of the weight of the cut rolled stem, the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of compound enzyme is 20000 ten thousand U, the total activity of protease is 20000 ten thousand U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 100 ten thousand U, the total activity of laccase is 100 ten thousand U, and the total activity of glutamine synthetase is 100 ten thousand U;
(5) spreading the cut stems obtained in the previous step on a plurality of layers of supporting plates of a fermentation bin, wherein the spreading thickness of each layer of supporting plate is 150 mm; standing and fermenting for 24h at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the humidity of 80%;
(6) and (4) taking the fermented cut stems out of the warehouse, dampening the cut stems by a dampening machine, and then drying to obtain finished cut stems.
By adopting the technical scheme, the shredding rate of the obtained finished cut stems is 0.5%, and sensory evaluation shows that the wood gas and irritation of the cut stems are obviously reduced, and the aroma components are obviously increased.
Example 3
A method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the formula requirement and the process manufacturing capacity;
(2) screening broken stems in the tobacco stems, and carrying out primary moisture regain, primary storage, secondary moisture regain, secondary storage and stem steaming to ensure that the moisture content of the tobacco stems is 25% and the temperature is 65 ℃;
(3) pressing and cutting the tobacco stems obtained in the previous step, wherein the thickness of the pressed stems is 1.5-2.5 mm, the width of the cut stems is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the length of the cut stems is 1-30 mm, so that cut stems are obtained;
(4) atomizing and spraying a compound enzyme solution to the cut rolled stem obtained in the previous step, wherein the using amount of the compound enzyme solution is 1% of the weight of the cut rolled stem, the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of compound enzyme is 10000 ten thousand U, the total activity of protease is 20000 ten thousand U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 200 ten thousand U, the total activity of laccase is 200 ten thousand U, and the total activity of glutamine synthetase is 200 ten thousand U;
(5) spreading the cut stems obtained in the previous step on a plurality of layers of supporting plates of a fermentation bin, wherein the spreading thickness of each layer of supporting plate is 60 mm; standing and fermenting for 72h at 50 ℃ and 60% humidity;
(6) and (3) taking the fermented cut stems out of the warehouse, dampening the cut stems by a dampening machine, and then drying to obtain finished cut stems.
By adopting the technical scheme, the shredding rate of the obtained finished cut stems is 0.4%, and sensory evaluation shows that the wood gas and irritation of the cut stems are obviously reduced, and the aroma components are obviously increased.
Example 4
A method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the formula requirement and the process manufacturing capacity;
(2) screening broken stems in the tobacco stems, and carrying out primary moisture regain, primary storage, secondary moisture regain, secondary storage and stem steaming to ensure that the moisture content of the tobacco stems is 20% and the temperature is 70 ℃;
(3) pressing and cutting the tobacco stems obtained in the previous step, wherein the thickness of the pressed stems is 1.5-2.5 mm, the width of the cut stems is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the length of the cut stems is 1-30 mm, so that cut stems are obtained;
(4) atomizing and spraying a compound enzyme solution to the cut rolled stem obtained in the previous step, wherein the using amount of the compound enzyme solution is 3% of the weight of the cut rolled stem, the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of compound enzyme is 2000 ten thousand U, the total activity of protease is 2000 ten thousand U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 500 ten thousand U, the total activity of laccase is 100 ten thousand U, and the total activity of glutamine synthetase is 100 ten thousand U;
(5) spreading the cut stems obtained in the previous step on a plurality of layers of supporting plates of a fermentation bin, wherein the spreading thickness of each layer of supporting plate is 300 mm; standing and fermenting for 100h at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 100%;
(6) and (4) taking the fermented cut stems out of the warehouse, dampening the cut stems by a dampening machine, and then drying to obtain finished cut stems.
By adopting the technical scheme, the shredding rate of the obtained finished cut stems is 0.6%, and sensory evaluation shows that the wood gas and the irritation of the cut stems are obviously reduced, and the aroma components are obviously increased.
Example 5
A method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the formula requirement and the process manufacturing capacity;
(2) screening broken stems in the tobacco stems, and carrying out primary moisture regain, primary storage, secondary moisture regain, secondary storage and stem steaming to ensure that the moisture content of the tobacco stems is 25% and the temperature is 70 ℃;
(3) pressing and cutting the tobacco stems obtained in the previous step, wherein the thickness of the pressed stems is 1.5-2.5 mm, the width of the cut stems is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the length of the cut stems is 1-30 mm, so that cut stems are obtained;
(4) atomizing and spraying a compound enzyme solution to the cut rolled stem obtained in the previous step, wherein the using amount of the compound enzyme solution is 6% of the weight of the cut rolled stem, the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of compound enzyme is 200 ten thousand U, the total activity of protease is 200 ten thousand U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 500 ten thousand U, the total activity of laccase is 100 ten thousand U, and the total activity of glutamine synthetase is 100 ten thousand U;
(5) spreading the cut stems obtained in the previous step on a plurality of layers of supporting plates of a fermentation bin, wherein the spreading thickness of each layer of supporting plate is 200 mm; standing and fermenting for 20h at 100 ℃ and 40% humidity;
(6) and (4) taking the fermented cut stems out of the warehouse, dampening the cut stems by a dampening machine, and then drying to obtain finished cut stems.
By adopting the technical scheme, the shredding rate of the obtained finished cut stems is 0.6%, and sensory evaluation shows that the wood gas and irritation of the cut stems are obviously reduced, and the aroma components are obviously increased.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 1 is that: (5) the thickness of the layer of the material spread of each layer of the pallet was 20mm, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
The crushing rate of the obtained cut stems is 1.8%, the aroma components of the cut stems are obviously increased, and the coordination of the toughness and the sensory quality of the cut stems is achieved.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that: (5) the thickness of the layer of the material spread of each layer of the supporting plate is 800mm, and the rest of the steps are the same as the example 1.
The crushing rate of the obtained cut stems is 1.5%, the aroma components of the cut stems are obviously increased, and the coordination of the toughness and the sensory quality of the cut stems is achieved.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the example 1 is that: (4) the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of complex enzyme is 11250 ten thousand U, the total activity of protease is 11250 ten thousand U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 11250 ten thousand U, the total activity of laccase is 6250 ten thousand U, and the rest steps are the same as the steps in the embodiment 1.
The obtained cut stems have the breakage rate of 0.4 percent, the aroma components of the cut stems are increased, the increase effect is not obvious, and the sensory quality improvement effect of the cut stems is not obvious.
The invention researches the influence of the compound enzyme liquid on the cut stems. Processing the tobacco stems according to the steps (1) to (3) of the method in the embodiment 1 to obtain cut stems; uniformly spraying a compound enzyme solution on the cut rolled stems, wherein the using amount of the compound enzyme solution is 4% of the weight of the cut rolled stems, the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of compound enzyme is 10000 ten thousand U, the total activity of protease is 10000 ten thousand U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 10000 ten thousand U, the total activity of laccase is 5000 ten thousand U, and the total activity of glutamine synthetase is 5000 ten thousand U; standing and fermenting for 48h at 45 ℃ and 70% humidity. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total phytoalkali, schwankel value, hyoscyamine, petroleum ether extract, fructose and glucose in the samples before and after enzyme treatment are detected, the change of the fragrance components is detected, and the contents of total nitrogen, pH, nitrogen-to-alkali ratio, chlorogenic acid, rutin, starch, pectin, lignin, sugar-to-alkali ratio, protein, fatty acid, alpha-2, 7, 11-cematriene-4, 6-diol (alpha-CBD) and beta-2, 7, 11-cematriene-4, 6-diol (beta-CBD) are detected, and the detection results are shown in figures 2-8.
As can be seen from the results in fig. 2 to 3, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total plant alkaloid, schwankel value, hyoscyamine, petroleum ether extract, fructose, and glucose in the cut stems after the enzyme treatment were increased as compared with the cut stems before the enzyme treatment; from the results shown in fig. 4, it is clear that the contents of flavor components such as cyclopent-4-ene-1, 3-dione, solanone, damascenone, 3-hydroxy- β -damascenone, furfural, geranylacetone, dihydroactinidiolide, neophytadiene, 4,7, 9-megastigmatrienol-3-one, and the like are increased. From the results in fig. 5 to 6, it is found that the total nitrogen, pH, nitrogen-to-alkali ratio, chlorogenic acid, rutin, starch, pectin, lignin, sugar-to-alkali ratio, and protein of the cut stems were reduced after the enzyme treatment as compared with those before the treatment; as is clear from the results in fig. 7, the contents of myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α -linolenic acid, and γ -linolenic acid were decreased; from the results of FIG. 8, it is understood that α -2,7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diol (. alpha. -CBD), β -2,7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diol (. beta. -CBD), and the total amount of both, are reduced. From the above results, it can be seen that after the cut stems treated by the biological enzyme are processed, the wood gas is obviously reduced, the stimulation is reduced, the cut stems have slightly sweet feeling, and the combustion speed is obviously reduced.
The above description is only an example of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by these specific examples, but is defined by the claims of the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the technical idea and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. A method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preprocessing tobacco stems, pressing the stems, and cutting the stems to obtain cut stems;
(2) spraying compound enzyme liquid on the cut stems obtained in the step (1);
(3) the cut stems obtained in the step (2) are laid in a fermentation device and then fermented, wherein multiple layers of material supporting plates are distributed in the fermentation device, the laying thickness of the cut stems on each layer of material supporting plate is controlled to be 100-200 mm, and the fermentation is performed by standing and fermenting for 20-100 hours at the temperature of 30-60 ℃ and the humidity of 50-90%;
(4) expanding and drying the cut stems obtained in the step (3) to obtain finished cut stems;
in the step (2), the use amount of the compound enzyme solution is 1-6% of the weight of the cut stems, the compound enzyme solution comprises cellulase, protease, alpha-amylase, laccase and glutamine synthetase, and the ratio of the total activities of the cellulase, the protease, the alpha-amylase, the laccase and the glutamine synthetase in the compound enzyme is 2-200: 2-200: 1-100: 1-50: 1-50, wherein the total activity of cellulase in each kilogram of complex enzyme is 200-20000 ten thousand U, the total activity of protease is 200-20000 ten thousand U, the total activity of alpha-amylase is 100-10000 ten thousand U, the total activity of laccase is 100-5000 ten thousand U, and the total activity of glutamine synthetase is 100-5000 ten thousand U.
2. The method for treating the tobacco stems by using the biological enzyme as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the water content of the pretreated tobacco stems is 15-25%, and the temperature is 65-85 ℃.
3. The method for treating the tobacco stems by using the biological enzyme as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pretreatment comprises the operations of screening, moisture regaining, storing and steaming the tobacco stems.
4. The method for treating the tobacco stems by using the biological enzyme as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pretreatment comprises the operations of screening the tobacco stems, carrying out primary moisture regain, carrying out primary storage, carrying out secondary moisture regain, carrying out secondary storage and steaming the tobacco stems.
5. The method for treating the tobacco stems by using the biological enzyme as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the thickness of the pressed stems is 1.5-2.5 mm, the width of the cut stems is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the length of the cut stems is 1-30 mm.
6. The method for treating tobacco stems by using biological enzyme according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the compound enzyme solution is 2-5% of the weight of cut stems.
7. The method for treating tobacco stems by using biological enzymes according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the spraying is atomized spraying or artificial spraying.
8. The method for treating tobacco stems by using biological enzymes as claimed in claim 7, wherein the compound enzyme liquid is added into an injection atomizing nozzle for atomizing and spraying.
9. The method for treating tobacco stems by using biological enzyme according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation is performed for 24-72 hours at a temperature of 40-50 ℃ and a humidity of 60-80%.
10. Cut rolled stems prepared by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A cigarette comprising the cut rolled stem of claim 10.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010982018.1A CN112043001B (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme, and cut stems and cigarettes prepared by method |
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| CN202010982018.1A CN112043001B (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Method for treating tobacco stems by biological enzyme, and cut stems and cigarettes prepared by method |
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| CN101711600B (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2012-04-25 | 武汉达汇创新科技有限公司 | Process for biochemically treating cut stems |
| CN101708064B (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2012-02-01 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Treatment process for manufacturing tobacco cut stems by tobacco stem |
| CN102578696B (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-07-16 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Solid-state fermentation method for tobacco stems and solid-state fermentation device for tobacco stems |
| CN106723297B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-03-09 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of ramuscule cigarette cut stem |
| CN108117423A (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2018-06-05 | 徐州市禾协肥业有限公司 | There is the belt installation for fermenting of volume adjustment |
| CN108354217A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-03 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Tobacco stem saccharification treatment method |
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