CN112042505A - Method for winter irrigation of breeding fertilizer and water by using drip irrigation system - Google Patents
Method for winter irrigation of breeding fertilizer and water by using drip irrigation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112042505A CN112042505A CN202010845140.4A CN202010845140A CN112042505A CN 112042505 A CN112042505 A CN 112042505A CN 202010845140 A CN202010845140 A CN 202010845140A CN 112042505 A CN112042505 A CN 112042505A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for winter irrigation of breeding rich water by using a drip irrigation system, which comprises the following steps: preparing fertilizer water, preparing a drip irrigation system, preparing a field and irrigating. The invention can realize winter irrigation of the cultivation rich water through the drip pipe system, and better realizes the combination of the cultivation rich water and the cultivation system mode. The method is suitable for being applied to the farms in the drip irrigation areas or the farms close to the drip irrigation fields, can absorb the rich water of the large farms in a short time, can be tightly combined with the cultivation system, and has simple process and high fertilizer efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for carrying out cultivation fertilizer water winter irrigation by utilizing a drip irrigation system.
Background
At present, the economy of China enters a new stage of transformation upgrading and supply side reform, and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry needs to mainly break through three key problems of overhigh resource utilization strength, aggravated non-point source pollution and serious ecological system degradation. In recent years, with the promulgation of various national laws and regulations, the requirements and standards for the treatment of excrement of breeding enterprises are gradually upgraded, and the treatment of excrement becomes the rigid requirement of the breeding enterprises and becomes the bottleneck restricting the continuous development of the breeding industries.
In the prior livestock and poultry manure treatment and resource utilization processes, the difficulty of cow and pig manure treatment is high not only because of large breeding quantity and high scale degree, but also because of high moisture content of the manure, complex treatment process and high treatment cost, especially because the produced liquid manure has low nutrient content, low value and high unit nutrient transportation cost, and the most economical method is to return the manure to the field for utilization on site and nearby. However, due to the contradiction between the continuity of the production of the organic fertilizer and the seasonality of the use of the organic fertilizer, the disjunction between the farming system and the utilization mode and the like, the current multipurpose tank truck has large investment, low efficiency and high energy consumption, and the organic fertilizer, particularly the fertilizer and water, is disjointed. At present, the cultivated area of the Xinjiang war group is 1881.6 ten thousand mu (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are needed in the year, the cultivated area is 32.2 ten thousand tons of pure nitrogen and 12.8 ten thousand tons of pure phosphorus), wherein the cotton planting area is 1000 ten thousand mu, the drip irrigation cultivation is basically realized, the total ratio of the drip irrigation area of other crops such as grapes accounts for more than 60%, the cultivation rich water blocks a drip irrigation system due to the overlarge particle size of suspended matters, and the safety problem of key indexes such as COD, heavy metals, antibiotics, harmful microorganisms, salt content, PH value and the like becomes a bottleneck and a core problem which restrict the resource utilization of feces in the Xinjiang war group and even Xinjiang and drip irrigation areas.
The invention mainly aims at the core problems, and researches and develops a method for cultivating the rich water winter irrigation by using a drip irrigation system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for winter irrigation of cultivation rich water by using a drip irrigation system, which can realize winter irrigation of the cultivation rich water through a drip tube system and better realize the combination of cultivation rich water and a cultivation system mode. The method is suitable for being applied to the farms in the drip irrigation areas or the farms close to the drip irrigation fields, can absorb the rich water of the large farms in a short time, can be tightly combined with the cultivation system, and has simple process and high fertilizer efficiency.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for winter irrigation of cultivation rich water by using a drip irrigation system comprises the following steps:
preparing rich water:
A. collecting the manure of a farm, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out aerobic composting fermentation on a solid phase, allowing a liquid phase to enter an oxidation pond or an anaerobic fermentation pond, and decomposing for at least 6 months to obtain rich water;
preparation of drip irrigation system:
B. selecting the size of the sewage pump according to the fall and distance between the oxidation pond or the anaerobic fermentation pond and the farmland and the size of the pump body of the head system;
C. arranging a pipeline from the oxidation pond or the anaerobic fermentation pond to a farmland head system, and selecting a PVC pipeline with the diameter of 200-;
D. establishing a fertilizer storage pool, wherein the fertilizer storage pool selects a water storage pool of a header system or newly establishes a fertilizer storage pool beside the water storage pool of the header system;
E. the water pump of the header system is utilized, and the water pump is directly connected with the main pipe and bypasses the header system;
field preparation and irrigation:
F. after field crops are harvested, immediately removing capillary pipes on field branch pipes in an irrigation area, starting winter irrigation, enabling fertilizer water to flow to a main pipe from a water pump, then flow to a ground outlet pile, and finally directly flow out of a bypass on the branch pipe connected with the ground outlet pile, and simultaneously monitoring and determining the fertilizer water using amount per mu according to COD (chemical oxygen demand), heavy metals, antibiotics, harmful microorganisms, salt content and PH value index conditions in the fertilizer water and irrigation water limit;
G. after the irrigation with rich water is finished, cleaning the pipeline by using well water or canal water, and directly cleaning the pipeline by using the well water in an irrigation area of the well water; in the irrigation area with canal water, after beginning spring in the next year, the canal water is used for cleaning the pipeline before drip irrigation, and branch pipe cleaning is firstly carried out and then main pipe cleaning is carried out;
H. and after the branch pipe is cleaned, the main pipe is cleaned, and the cleaning of the main pipe needs to open a drain valve at the tail end and clean by means of the sewer well and the drain valve.
Preferably, the diameter of the dry pipe is 110-200 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the ground pile is 75mm, the diameter of the branch pipe is 75mm, and the diameter of the bypass pipe is 16 mm.
Preferably, the volume of the fertilizer storage pool is higher than 200m in the step D, preferably 400-800m, when being constructed according to 400m, the fertilizer storage pool is constructed according to the length of 20m, the width of 10m and the depth of 2 m; when following 800m3When in construction, the building is constructed according to the length of 40m, the width of 10m and the depth of 2 m.
Preferably, when the pipeline is cleaned in the step G, the pressure cleaning is performed for cleaning the branch pipe.
Has the advantages that: the winter irrigation method of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the technology of the invention is different from a drip irrigation system returning technology after filtering large-particle-size suspended matters and a drip irrigation system returning technology after three-stage sedimentation and filtering, wherein fertilizer water enters a capillary for drip irrigation;
2. compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple treatment process, low treatment cost and high fertilizer efficiency, is more favorable for preventing system blockage, improves the soil fertility and improves the crop yield and quality;
3. the invention can realize the operation of 100-200m3The flow per hour is used for continuous irrigation and fertilization, the fertilizer is not required to be mixed with irrigation water, the fertilizer is very suitable for large and medium-sized farms, the utilization of fertilizer and water can be completed in a short time, and the fertilizer and water utilization process is low in energy consumption, short in time and low in investment compared with other processes;
4. the invention fully utilizes the time before the winter harvest is frozen and plowed, simultaneously utilizes the field pipe requirement that the prior post-harvest drip irrigation system needs to recover the capillary every year, utilizes the drip pipe system to carry out the rapid winter irrigation by the branch pipe and the dry pipe, reduces the loss of fertilizer efficiency, and is tightly combined with the prior farming system;
5. the fertilizer has high content of nutrients such as organic matters, and is beneficial to improving the soil fertility and improving the yield and the quality of crops. Fourthly, fertilizing water for winter irrigation before plowing after harvesting, so that the loss of fertilizer efficiency is reduced;
6. the invention is a method obtained by experimental research in Xinjiang area, but the technical method and thinking mode of the invention can be directly applied to different drip irrigation areas in China by slight adjustment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical route chart of the method for performing cultivation fertilizer water winter irrigation by using a drip irrigation system.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for winter irrigation of cultivation rich water by using a drip irrigation system comprises the following steps:
preparing rich water:
A. collecting the manure of a farm, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out aerobic composting fermentation on a solid phase, allowing a liquid phase to enter an oxidation pond or an anaerobic fermentation pond, and decomposing for at least 6 months to obtain rich water;
preparation of drip irrigation system:
B. selecting the size of the sewage pump according to the fall and distance between the oxidation pond or the anaerobic fermentation pond and the farmland and the size of the pump body of the head system;
C. arranging a pipeline from the oxidation pond or the anaerobic fermentation pond to a farmland head system, and selecting a PVC pipeline with the diameter of 200-;
D. the fertilizer storage pool is established, according to the difference of irrigation water sources (well water, canal water and river water), the self-contained water storage pools at the head part have different volume sizes, the breeding fertilizer water reaches the drip irrigation head part and is conveyed by a pipeline, the distance and the pumping capacity are different, and in addition, the winter irrigation time after autumn harvest in cold areas in the north is short, so the fertilizer water storage quantity of the fertilizer storage pool is ensured to meet the requirement that the head part work is short in 1 hour at leastThe water quantity of (2) reaches more than 200m at least, so that the problem of a fertilizer water delivery pump body or a pipeline is avoided, and the normal work of a head system at the rear end is not influenced. In the production process, the fertilizer storage pool can be replaced by the water storage pool of the header system according to actual needs or newly built beside the water storage pool of the header system, the volume of the fertilizer storage pool is more than 200m for cultivation, preferably 400 and 800m for cultivation, and when the cultivation is carried out according to 400m, the cultivation is carried out according to the length of 20m, the width of 10m and the depth of 2 m; when following 800m3When in construction, the building is constructed according to the length of 40m, the width of 10m and the depth of 2 m. The fertilizer storage pool is close to the water storage pool and is built into a row with the head system by using rooms, so that the use area of the cultivated land is reduced as much as possible. A pasture of a Spongwang animal husbandry Limited liability company in the stone river sub-city currently breeds 1800 cows, wherein 1000 cows are grown, 80 replacement cows are bred, and 2.7 ten thousand tons of excrement are produced annually and are utilized in a drip irrigation cotton field 4.6km away. A400 m fertilizer storage pool is built at the head of the drip irrigation system, a PVC buried pipe with the pipe diameter of 200m is used for conveying fertilizer and water, and the fertilizer and water winter irrigation is completed within 6.5 days.
E. The water pump of the head part system is utilized, the water pump is directly connected with the main pipe and bypasses the head part system, and the diameter of the main pipe is 110-200 mm;
field preparation and irrigation:
F. after field crops are harvested, immediately removing capillary pipes on field branch pipes in an irrigation area, starting winter irrigation, enabling fertilizer water to flow to a main pipe from a water pump, then flow to a ground outlet pile, enabling the diameter of the ground outlet pile to be 75mm, and finally directly flow out from a bypass on the branch pipe connected with the ground outlet pile, enabling the diameter of the branch pipe to be 75mm and the diameter of the bypass to be 16mm, and simultaneously monitoring and determining the fertilizer water using amount per mu according to COD (chemical oxygen demand), heavy metals, antibiotics, harmful microorganisms, salt content and PH value index conditions in the fertilizer water and the irrigation water limit;
G. after the irrigation with rich water is finished, cleaning the pipeline by using well water or canal water, and directly cleaning the pipeline by using the well water in an irrigation area of the well water; in the irrigation area using canal water, after beginning spring in the next year, the canal water is used for cleaning the pipeline before drip irrigation, branch pipes are cleaned first, then main pipes are cleaned, the water pressure is increased properly when the branch pipes are cleaned, in order to increase the water pressure, more ground outlet pile valves can be properly closed, and after one group is cleaned, the other group is cleaned by the same method;
H. and after the branch pipe is cleaned, the main pipe is cleaned, and the cleaning of the main pipe needs to open a drain valve at the tail end and clean by means of the sewer well and the drain valve.
The method obtains better application effect through 2 years of continuous tests in the ranch of the Quanwang animal husbandry Limited company in the river stone city and the 2018-2019-year continuous tests of the Shawan Tianrun organism Limited company.
A pasture of a quanwang animal husbandry finite responsibility company in the stone river, which is currently used for breeding 1800 cows, wherein 1000 cows are grown, 800 replacement cows are kept, 2.7 ten thousand tons of excrement are produced annually, and the cattle are irrigated in winter in a drip irrigation cotton field 4.6km away from the cattle. A 400m fertilizer storage pool is built at the head of the drip irrigation system, a PVC buried pipe with the pipe diameter of 200m is used for conveying fertilizer and water, and the fertilizer and water winter irrigation is completed within 6.5 days on average in a 2-year test; the dropper system can be normally used in the second year, and the phenomenon that the capillary is blocked due to overlarge grain diameter of the fertilizer water or deposition of struvite does not occur; the cotton boll number of the average single cotton plant is increased by 15.2 percent, the single cotton boll weight at the later stage of boll is increased by 9.3 percent, the average yield is improved by 14.5 percent, namely the yield reaches 420 kg/mu, the quality of the cotton is improved, and the income of farmers is increased by 380 yuan/mu.
At present, 2100 cows are bred in a pasture of Shawan Tianrun biological Limited responsibility company, wherein 1100 cows are grown, 1000 replacement cows are bred, and 3.2 million tons of excrement are produced annually; the feed is used in winter irrigation in a feed corn field 6.2km away. 22500m is built at the head of drip irrigation system3The black film soft fertilizer storage pool is matched with a tank body with the volume of 20m3The automatic sewage suction truck conveys the fertilizer water. The fertilizer water winter irrigation utilization is completed within 5.25 days on average in 2-year tests; the dropper system can be normally used in the second year, and the phenomenon that the capillary is blocked due to overlarge grain diameter of the fertilizer water or deposition of struvite does not occur; the dry corn and starch of the feed of the base reach the 'double 30' level, namely the starch content and the dry matter content both reach more than 30%, the yield is improved by 15.5%, the using amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the forage grass quality is improved.
The main principle is as follows:
the excessive particle size of the suspended matters in the culture fertilizer water becomes a main reason for preventing the application of the suspended matters in a dropper system. According to the measurement, 53 percent of cow dung particle size, 19 percent of cow dung particle size, 15 percent of cow dung particle size, 13 percent of cow dung particle size, and the like, wherein the cow dung particle size is less than 0.15mm, the cow dung particle size is 0.15-0.50mm, the cow dung particle size is 0.50-1.00mm, the cow dung particle size is 15 percent, and the cow dung; 58 percent of pig manure with the grain diameter of less than 0.15mm, 14 percent of pig manure with the grain diameter of 0.15-0.50mm, 16 percent of pig manure with the grain diameter of 0.50-1.00mm and 12 percent of pig manure with the grain diameter of more than 1.00 mm. The equivalent diameter of the narrowest flow channel of the dripper of the single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation belt is 0.8mm, the equivalent diameter of the smallest flow channel of the internally-embedded dripper is 0.62mm, and the aperture of the water outlet hole of the dripper of the pressure compensation drip irrigation pipe is 0.42 mm. All organic and inorganic impurities having a particle size greater than the smallest pore size 1/7-1/10 in the system must be removed from the water to ensure non-clogging of the dropper system, typically requiring a minimum of 100 mesh (0.154 mm).
The traditional solution methods are all through technologies such as clarification, filtration and the like, but the methods have the disadvantages of complex process, high cost and low fertilizer efficiency, and can not avoid the phenomenon of blockage of a dropper system from occurring at times. On the basis of a large amount of experimental researches of units such as a pig farm of Xinjiang Taikun agriculture and animal husbandry of Shawan Tianrun biology Limited liability company and the like, which are all in one O three-Tung, the invention combines a drip irrigation cultivation agricultural technology system, utilizes a pipe network system of drip irrigation equipment which is idle in the field after crop harvesting and the idle time before the crop enters the winter and is frozen, adopts a reverse anti-blockage prevention thinking of 'enlarging the pipe diameter', realizes the rapid winter irrigation of the rotten fertilizer water, and solves the problem that the suspended matter of the cultivation fertilizer water has overlarge grain diameter and blocks the drip irrigation system.
The method is closely combined with the agricultural system of drip irrigation cultivation of crops, and fully utilizes the main pipeline of a drip irrigation system to carry out winter irrigation, thereby saving the cost; the method can be 100-200m3The flow of the/h is continuously operated, the fertilizer and water utilization is completed in a short time, and compared with other processes, the method has the advantages of low energy consumption, short time and less investment, and is suitable for large and medium-sized farms; the method has simple process, has higher content of nutrient in the fertilizer water than the filtration process, and is beneficial to improving the soil fertility and the yield and quality of crops. The method fertilizes water for winter irrigation before plowing after harvesting, thereby reducing the loss of fertilizer efficiency.
Claims (5)
1. A method for winter irrigation of cultivation rich water by using a drip irrigation system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing rich water:
collecting the manure of a farm, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out aerobic composting fermentation on a solid phase, allowing a liquid phase to enter an oxidation pond or an anaerobic fermentation pond, and decomposing for at least 6 months to obtain rich water;
preparation of drip irrigation system:
selecting the size of the sewage pump according to the fall and distance between the oxidation pond or the anaerobic fermentation pond and the farmland and the size of the pump body of the head system;
arranging a pipeline from the oxidation pond or the anaerobic fermentation pond to a farmland head system, and selecting a PVC pipeline with the diameter of 200-;
establishing a fertilizer storage pool, wherein the fertilizer storage pool selects a water storage pool of a header system or newly establishes a fertilizer storage pool beside the water storage pool of the header system;
the water pump of the header system is utilized, and the water pump is directly connected with the main pipe and bypasses the header system;
field preparation and irrigation:
after field crops are harvested, immediately removing capillary pipes on field branch pipes in an irrigation area, starting winter irrigation, enabling fertilizer water to flow to a main pipe from a water pump, then flow to a ground outlet pile, and finally directly flow out of a bypass on the branch pipe connected with the ground outlet pile, and simultaneously monitoring and determining the fertilizer water using amount per mu according to COD (chemical oxygen demand), heavy metals, antibiotics, harmful microorganisms, salt content and PH value index conditions in the fertilizer water and irrigation water limit;
after the irrigation with rich water is finished, cleaning the pipeline by using well water or canal water, and directly cleaning the pipeline by using the well water in an irrigation area of the well water; in the irrigation area with canal water, after beginning spring in the next year, the canal water is used for cleaning the pipeline before drip irrigation, and branch pipe cleaning is firstly carried out and then main pipe cleaning is carried out;
and after the branch pipe is cleaned, the main pipe is cleaned, and the cleaning of the main pipe needs to open a drain valve at the tail end and clean by means of the sewer well and the drain valve.
2. The method for winter irrigation of farmed manure water with a drip irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the dry pipe is 110-200 mm.
3. The method for winter irrigation of farmed manure water with a drip irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the ground pile is 75mm, the diameter of the branch pipe is 75mm, and the diameter of the bypass is 16 mm.
4. The method for winter irrigation of farmed manure water with a drip irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: d, carrying out the heavy planting at 400 and 800m, preferably, when carrying out the heavy planting at 400m, carrying out the construction at 20m long, 10m wide and 2m deep; when following 800m3When in construction, the building is constructed according to the length of 40m, the width of 10m and the depth of 2 m.
5. The method for winter irrigation of farmed manure water with a drip irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and G, when the pipeline is cleaned in the step G, the branch pipe is cleaned under pressure.
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