CN1120311C - 用于制动装置的带涂层摩擦垫及制动装置 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D2069/002—Combination of different friction materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D2069/005—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces having a layered structure
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
公开了一种用于制动装置的带涂层摩擦垫。摩擦垫包括一种具有适于与制动构件如转子或鼓筒接触的表面的摩擦材料。该表面上带有涂层,涂层包括莫氏硬度为5.5至7.5的研磨微粒和莫氏硬度为8.0至9.5的研磨微粒。
Description
发明领域
本发明总体涉及摩擦材料,具体而言涉及制动装置的带涂层摩擦垫。
发明背景
汽车或其它机动车辆的制动装置通常包括摩擦材料和反摩擦材料如转子或鼓筒。转子或鼓筒通常为钢或其它金属材料,其上面具有适于与摩擦材料接触的表面。制动垫通常为钢或其它基底,其上面带有摩擦材料,摩擦材料的表面适于与转子或鼓筒的表面相接触。
金属转子和鼓筒的一个问题是它们易于发生氧化或锈蚀。如果制动装置经常使用,这个问题还并不严重,因为转子或鼓筒与制动垫之间的摩擦通常足以除去氧化层或锈蚀层的薄膜。然而,如果制动装置在相当长的时间内不使用,例如在保存于卖主处的新车上,转子或鼓筒的摩擦表面上所形成的氧化层或锈蚀层的累积就将会给制动装置的性能带来不利影响。锈蚀可能会特别严重以致于导致转子或鼓筒表面上产生点蚀或疤痕,这可能会致使转子不适于达到理想的制动性能。在某些情况下,锈蚀作用可能会使转子或鼓筒粘结于摩擦垫上,这就会导致摩擦垫的粘结破坏或者导致摩擦垫与其基底分离。
这个问题的一种解决办法是使用带涂层或者进行过表面处理以防止转子锈蚀的转子。这些处理手段包括油或油脂等,电沉积涂层、例如可与异氰酸盐交联剂固化的胺盐环氧树脂的阴极电沉积,其它可固化涂层、如密胺固化的OH官能的丙烯酸涂层,热塑涂层、如高分子重丙烯酸或聚氨酯胶乳或油基醇酸涂层,可形成一氧化膜薄层而无点蚀的金属氧化物涂层,以及无机物涂层、如分散于硅酸钾溶液中的锌粒子。
已处理过的转子所带有的一个问题是:尽管它们耐锈蚀,但已处理过的表面通常不能提供充分的制动性能,特别是当与制动垫的摩擦材料相配合时尤其如此,其中该制动垫其自身设计成与制造转子的底层金属一起使用。
已经有人提出在制动垫上提供一种研磨涂层,它具有在制动装置的最初跑合期间(如在最早的200次制动操作应用期间)除去转子上的保护漆涂层的效果。例如,有人提出利用制动垫上的一种研磨碳化硅微粒涂层来实现这个目的。然而这种涂层在制动装置发生新摩擦时会使摩擦意外增大,从而产生无法预料的、带噪声或粘滞的制动动作。另外,使用这种包含高级侵蚀性研磨微粒的涂层时,嵌入摩擦垫表面中的粒子足以导致并不需要的性能特点延长。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种制动垫,它能在制动装置的最初跑合期间从转子上除去耐蚀涂层。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制动垫,它能在跑合期间内及随后时间中保持良好的制动性能。
发明概述
根据本发明,提供了一种用于制动装置的摩擦垫。摩擦垫包括具有一个适于与制动转子或鼓筒接触的表面的摩擦材料。该表面上有涂层,它包括莫氏硬度为5.5至7.5的研磨微粒和莫氏硬度为8.0至9.5的研磨微粒。
因此本发明提供了一种制动垫,它能在制动装置的最初跑合期间内从转子或鼓筒上除去耐蚀涂层,并在跑合期间内及随后时间中保持良好的制动性能。
优选实施方案描述
本发明的摩擦垫包括一种摩擦材料,该摩擦材料具有一个适于与制动转子或鼓筒接触的表面和该表面上的一个研磨涂层。摩擦材料实际上可以为可用于制动系统中的任一类型材料,如半金属摩擦材料、低金属摩擦材料、石棉有机材料、陶瓷金属、以及其它本领域中所熟知的材料。
可用于本发明实际应用中的摩擦材料通常包括一种或多种热固性树脂粘合剂(例如,酚醛树脂如苯酚甲醛树脂、环氧树脂)、加强纤维(例如芳族聚酰胺、钢、丙烯酸以及不再广泛使用的石棉)、金属粉末(例如铁、铜、黄铜、锌、铝、锑及类似金属)、固态润滑剂(例如二硫化钼、石墨、焦炭、硫化锡、三硫化锑)、研磨剂(例如氧化锡、氧化镁、二氧化硅、氧化铁、氧化铝、金红石等)、有机填料(例如橡胶粒、如坚果壳粒、丁腈橡胶粒)、以及无机填料(如重晶石、石膏、云母、钛酸盐等)。也可加入其它材料和添加剂,对此本领域中已经熟知。
涂层包含莫氏硬度为5.5至7.5、优选为6.0至7.0的研磨微粒和莫氏硬度为8.0至9.5、优选为8.5至9.5的研磨微粒。莫氏硬度为5.5至7.5的有用微粒的实例包括金红石、浮石粉、氧化锡、氧化镁、二氧化硅和氧化铁。莫氏硬度为8.0至9.5的有用微粒的实例包括碳化硅、氧化铝、石英、碳化硅、刚玉、锆砂等。这些微粒的平均直径均值为2μm至300μm,优选为2μm至75μm(微粒的平均直径定义为质量与所述微粒相同的球形微粒的直径,而平均直径均值为一组微粒中的平均直径的统计均值)。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,这些微粒与聚合物或树脂粘合剂一起加入一种涂层混合物中,该混合物可涂覆于摩擦材料的表面上。这种涂层混合物可以包括重量百分比为5%至75%、优选为5%至60%、更优选为5%至50%的莫氏硬度为5.5至7.5的研磨微粒,以及重量百分比为5%至85%、优选为5%至50%、更优选为10%至50%的莫氏硬度为8.0至9.5的研磨微粒,以上数字均是根据涂层的干重计算。
根据本发明,在研磨涂层混合物中可以选用多种粘合剂,优选地,粘合剂在低于350℃的温度下保持稳定,但在高于350℃的温度下缓慢降解和/或焦化。这有助于确保研磨层在制动装置的所需跑合期间内使用。粘合剂还应当能够粘附于摩擦材料上,尽管当涂层混合物包含有其它粘合添加剂或者当在涂敷研磨涂层混合物之前已将粘合剂底漆涂于摩擦材料上时并不必需如此。可用的粘合剂包括环氧树脂(例如酚醛清漆、Epon树脂(壳牌化学公司生产))、聚氨酯树脂、聚酯树脂、酚醛树脂、改良型酚醛树脂如腈类/酚醛树脂,硅酮、醇酸树脂及其它已知的可用于涂层混合物中的树脂。其它已知的涂层添加剂,如表面活性剂、染料或颜料、粘度或流变能力改良剂、流动控制剂、稳定剂等也可包括在涂层混合物中,对此本领域内已经熟知。
所涂敷的涂层混合物可形成一个干燥或固化层,其厚度为0.025至1.3mm,优选为0.025至0.13mm。涂层混合物可通过任意一种已熟知的方法涂敷于摩擦材料上。这些方法包括丝网法、滚涂法、刷涂法、浸涂法和喷涂法(只要研磨微粒的大小与喷涂设备相适即可)。
还存在其它的涂敷方法。例如,摩擦材料可以涂上一薄层粘结剂,随后将研磨微粒涂于湿润或尚未固化的粘结剂上,而不是将研磨微粒混合在用以涂于摩擦材料表面上的涂层混合物中。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,带涂层的摩擦垫与一种反摩擦构件如制动转子或鼓筒一起用于制动装置中,该制动转子或鼓筒具有一个适于与该摩擦垫相接触的表面,其中反摩擦构件表面上具有能防止转子或鼓筒氧化或锈蚀的保护涂层。圆盘制动转子要比其它制动鼓筒更易于发生锈蚀,因此在本发明的优选实施方案中,反摩擦构件为圆盘制动转子。
可用做反摩擦构件主体的材料在本领域内众所周知,包括铸铁、不锈钢等,或者为复合材料(例如铝金属基体复合材料)。用于转子和鼓筒的保护涂层在本领域内众所周知,包括:油或油脂等,电沉积涂层、如可与异氰酸盐交联剂固化的胺盐环氧树脂的阴极电沉积、其它可固化涂层、如密胺树脂固化的OH官能的聚酯、聚氨酯或丙烯酸涂层,热塑涂层、如高分子重丙烯酸或聚氨酯胶乳或油基醇酸涂层、可在转子或鼓筒的表面上形成一薄层氧化物而不发生点蚀的金属氧化物涂层,以及无机物涂层、例如分散于硅酸盐溶液如硅酸钾溶液中的锌、镁和/或铝微粒。
本发明在以下实例中进一步进行描述。制剂1
制备一种涂层混合物,成分如下:
表1
成分 | 重量百分比 |
腈类/酚醛水基粘合剂(70%固态) | 48 |
金红石(-200号)(莫氏硬度(6.0~6.5) | 40 |
氧化铝(-100号)(莫氏硬度9.0~9.5) | 10 |
流变能力改良剂 | 1 |
表面活性剂 | 1 |
固体成分根据表1被加入五加仑的混合筒中,并在精度为1克的秤上称重。液体成分利用另一种适当的容器称重,以便使固体和液体组分的总质量为4.0kg。在十分钟的混合周期内,利用一种搅拌用倾斜混合器将液体组分加入盛有固体组分的混合筒中。涂层混合物的具体重量被记录下来,其目标值为1.55g/cm3。混合物的粘度也要测量以便保证:对于下面在例1和例2中所述的丝网印制法,粘度值在5000-9000cps这一可接受的范围内。注意对于下面的采用传料辊法的例3和例4,理想粘度约为6000cps。例1
制剂1中所述的涂层利用丝网印制法在摩擦垫上涂成均匀的一层,并使该层只覆盖于摩擦垫的表面上,而不会滴落、不会流入槽中或流出的边缘之外。然后摩擦垫有10分钟的闪蒸时间,随后在标准工业对流加热炉中进入固化周期,它将摩擦垫表面置于235℃至250℃之间的温度下经受60-70秒钟,温度由置于摩擦垫中心与该表面平齐的热电偶测定。在固化之后,带涂层的摩擦垫的表面上只允许出现微小的不连续如条纹或断裂。例2
制剂1中所述的涂层按例1中的方法涂敷,只是加热炉固化周期由产生相同表面温度分布的红外线炉固化周期代替。例3
制剂1中所述的涂层利用一种传送辊装置涂敷,辊子与摩擦垫表面间的间隙设为0.254至0.3048毫米(0.010至0.012英寸)之间。间隙可以调节以便产生最佳的涂层外观和重量。利用这种方法不需要闪蒸时间,利用红外线炉使这些部分如例1中所述固化。例4
制剂1中所述的涂层利用如例3中的传送辊装置涂敷,而按例2中所述方法固化。制剂2
制备一种涂层混合物,成分如下:
表2
成分 | 重量百分比 |
腈类/酚醛水基粘合剂(70%固态) | 30 |
火山浮石(-100号)(莫氏硬度6.0) | 20 |
碳化硅(粒度400)(莫氏硬度9.5) | 10 |
氧化铝(-100号)(莫氏硬度9.0-9.5) | 20 |
金红石(-200号)(莫氏硬度6.0-6.5) | 9 |
丙二醇 | 5 |
表面活性剂 | 1 |
染料 | 5 |
固体成分根据表2加入五加仑的混合筒中,并在精度为1克的秤上称重。液体成分利用另一种适当的容器称重,以便使固体和液体组分的总质量为4.0kg。在十分钟的混合周期内,利用一种搅拌用倾斜混合器将液体组分加入盛有固体组分的混合筒中。涂层混合物的具体重量被记录下来,其目标值为1.55g/cm3。混合物的粘度也要测量以便保证:对于下面在例5和例6中所述的丝网印制法,粘度值处于5000-9000cps这一可接受的范围之内。注意对于下面采用传料辊法的例7和例8,理想粘度约为6000cps。例5
制剂2中所述的涂层利用丝网印制法在摩擦垫上涂成均匀的一层,并使该层只覆盖于摩擦垫的表面上,而不会滴落、不会流入槽中或流出边缘之外。然后摩擦垫有10分钟的闪蒸时间,随后在标准工业对流加热炉中进入固化周期,它将摩擦垫表面置于235℃至250℃之间经受60-70秒钟,温度由置于摩擦垫中心的与该表面平齐的热电偶测定。在固化之后,带涂层的摩擦垫表面上只允许出现微小的不连续如条纹或断裂。例6
制剂2中所述的涂层按例5中的方法涂敷,只是加热炉固化周期由产生相同表面温度分布的红外线炉固化周期代替。例7
制剂2中所述的涂层利用一种传送辊装置涂敷,辊子与摩擦垫表面间的间隙设为0.010至0.012之间。间隙可以调节以便产生最佳的涂层外观和重量。利用这种方法不需要闪蒸时间,而是利用红外线炉使这些部分如例5中所述固化:例8
制剂1中所述的涂层利用如例7中的传送辊装置涂敷,而按例6中所述方法固化。比较制剂A
为了显示此处所述本发明的性能特点,制备一种涂层混合物,成分如下:
表1
成分 | 重量百分比 |
腈类/酚醛水基粘合剂(70%固态) | 50 |
碳化硅(粒度为400)(莫氏硬度9.5) | 40 |
氧化铝(-100号)(莫氏硬度9.0-9.5) | 10 |
与根据本发明制备的涂层不同,比较涂层混合物不含任何莫氏硬度在5.5至7.5之间的研磨微粒。
固体成分根据配置表加入五加仑的混合筒中,并在精度为1克的秤上称重。液体成分利用另一种适当的容器称重,以便使固体和液体组分的总质量为4.0kg。在十分钟的混合周期内,利用一种搅拌用倾斜混合器将液体组分加入盛有固体组分的混合筒中。涂层混合物的具体重量被记录下来,其目标值为1.55g/cm3。混合物的粘度也要测量以便保证:对于下面在例1和例2中所述的丝网印制法,粘度值处于5000-9000cps这一可接受的范围之内。注意对于下面采用传料辊法的例2和例4,理想粘度约为6000cps。比较例A
制剂A中所述的涂层利用丝网印制法在摩擦垫上涂成均匀的一层,并使该层只覆盖于摩擦垫的表面上,而不会滴落,不会流入槽中或流出边缘之外。然后摩擦垫有10分钟的闪蒸时间,随后在标准工业对流加热炉中进入固化周期,它将摩擦垫表面置于235℃至250℃之间经受60-70秒钟,温度由置于摩擦垫中心的与该表面平齐的热电偶测定。在固化之后,带涂层的摩擦垫表面上只允许出现微小的不连续如条纹或断裂。比较例B
制剂A中所述的涂层按例A中的方法涂敷,只是加热炉固化周期由产生相同表面温度分布的红外线炉固化周期代替。比较例C
制剂A中所述的涂层利用一种传送辊装置涂敷,辊子与摩擦垫表面间的间隙设为0.254至0.3048毫米(0.010至0.012英寸)之间。间隙可以调节以便产生最佳的涂层外观和重量。利用这种方法不需要闪蒸时间,利用红外线炉使这些部分如例A中所述固化。比较例D
制剂1中所述的涂层利用如例C中的传送辊装置涂敷,而按例B中所述方法固化。比较试验
根据本发明带有涂层的例1的摩擦垫、比较例A的摩擦垫、和不带任何涂层的对照摩擦垫。这些摩擦垫与带硅酸锌涂层的钢制转子相匹配,从而使得摩擦材料与钢之间的摩擦系数(μ)的目标值在0.3至0.4之间,而摩擦垫/转子装置在一台测力计上进行重复制动试验。试验的结果如表4所示,该表给出了在制动次数为1、10、20、40、100和200期间所显示出的摩擦系数平均值,其中制动次数示于每列标题中“μ”后面的圆括号中。
表4
实例 | μ(1) | μ(10) | μ(20) | μ(40) | μ(100) | μ(200) |
对照例 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.38 |
例1 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
例A | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 |
如表4中的数据所示,由于转子的硅酸锌涂层对不带涂层的摩擦垫的影响,在前20次制动中,对照例呈现出过低的摩擦系数。而例1的制动垫在整个试验过程中呈现出在要求范围内的稳定一致的摩擦性能。另一方面,比较例A的摩擦性能有一个激增,从而导致在200次制动中的前10次制动之后的试验过程中摩擦系数高得难以接受。此外,尽管在表4的摩擦系数平均值并未示出,但就每次制动中摩擦系数的范围而言,比较例A比例1高得过多,这是不希望的。
此处参照本发明的具体实施方案对本发明进行了详细描述。但应当明白可在本发明的思想和范围之内对这些实施方案进行改动和变型。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于制动装置的摩擦垫,所述摩擦垫包括一种摩擦材料,摩擦材料具有一个适于与制动反摩擦构件接触的表面,在所述表面上带有涂层,所述涂层包括莫氏硬度为5.5至7.5的研磨微粒和莫氏硬度为8.0至9.5的研磨微粒。
2.权利要求1的摩擦垫,其特征在于,所述涂层包括莫氏硬度为6.0至7.0的研磨微粒和莫氏硬度为8.5至9.0的研磨微粒。
3.权利要求2的摩擦垫,其特征在于,所述研磨微粒的平均直径为2μm至75μm。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的摩擦垫,其特征在于,所述涂层包括位于聚合物粘合剂中的研磨微粒。
5.权利要求4的摩擦垫,其特征在于,所述粘合剂为一种酚醛树脂。
6.权利要求1-3中任一项的摩擦垫,其特征在于,所述反摩擦构件为圆盘制动转子。
7.一种包括权利要求1-6中任一项所述的摩擦垫和一个反摩擦构件的制动装置,该反摩擦构件具有一个适于与所述摩擦垫接触的表面,所述反摩擦构件的表面上具有一层能防止反摩擦构件锈蚀的涂层。
8.权利要求7的制动装置,其特征在于所述防锈蚀涂层为一种无机物涂层。
9.权利要求8的制动装置,其特征在于,所述无机物涂层为硅酸锌涂层。
10.权利要求7-9中任一项的制动装置,其特征在于,所述反摩擦构件为圆盘制动转子。
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ATE238504T1 (de) | 1999-01-20 | 2003-05-15 | Jurid Werke Gmbh | Reibflächenbeschichtung für einen reibwerkstoff eines bremssystems |
JP4204132B2 (ja) * | 1999-02-19 | 2009-01-07 | 大塚化学ホールディングス株式会社 | 摩擦材 |
US6620860B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-09-16 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material |
DE10049456B4 (de) * | 2000-10-06 | 2008-06-19 | Daimler Ag | Korrosionsschutzlack für Bremsflächen von Bremsscheiben und/oder Bremstrommeln , daraus hergestellte Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung sowie Verfahren zum Entfernen der Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung |
US6668984B2 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2003-12-30 | Honeywell Advanced Composites Inc. | Oxidation protection for carbon/carbon composite and graphite friction materials |
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- 1998-03-03 KR KR10-1999-7008085A patent/KR100502487B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-03 AU AU64476/98A patent/AU729104B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-03-03 EP EP98910175A patent/EP0966622B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-03 BR BR9807984-0A patent/BR9807984A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-03 CA CA002283147A patent/CA2283147C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-03 JP JP53962598A patent/JP4108763B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-03 DE DE69814827T patent/DE69814827T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-03 WO PCT/US1998/004266 patent/WO1998040641A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-03-03 ES ES98910175T patent/ES2199430T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20000075999A (ko) | 2000-12-26 |
ATE241096T1 (de) | 2003-06-15 |
AU6447698A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
WO1998040641A1 (en) | 1998-09-17 |
JP2001514726A (ja) | 2001-09-11 |
DE69814827D1 (de) | 2003-06-26 |
AU729104B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 |
US5971113A (en) | 1999-10-26 |
CN1255189A (zh) | 2000-05-31 |
BR9807984A (pt) | 2000-02-15 |
EP0966622B1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
JP4108763B2 (ja) | 2008-06-25 |
ES2199430T3 (es) | 2004-02-16 |
CA2283147A1 (en) | 1998-09-17 |
KR100502487B1 (ko) | 2005-07-20 |
CA2283147C (en) | 2007-06-05 |
DE69814827T2 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
EP0966622A1 (en) | 1999-12-29 |
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