CN112028485B - Purple glaze for insulator processing and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Purple glaze for insulator processing and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112028485B CN112028485B CN202010954323.XA CN202010954323A CN112028485B CN 112028485 B CN112028485 B CN 112028485B CN 202010954323 A CN202010954323 A CN 202010954323A CN 112028485 B CN112028485 B CN 112028485B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric porcelain glaze materials, and particularly relates to purple glaze for insulator processing and a processing method thereof, wherein the purple glaze for insulator processing comprises 26-31 parts of potassium feldspar, 5-10 parts of albite, 3-7 parts of ball clay, 19-23 parts of hard kaolin, 9-13 parts of calcined talc, 5-9 parts of limestone, 22-26 parts of quartz powder, 1-3 parts of barium carbonate and 6-10 parts of purple chromophore. After the purple glaze for the insulator and the green body are formed into porcelain, the surface of the porcelain body is bright purple, smooth and bright, fine and mild, and can well meet the requirements of customers on purple electric porcelain. The purple glaze can be well combined with the blank body, after the porcelain is formed, a good intermediate layer can be generated between the glaze and the blank body, the performance of the porcelain can be greatly improved (the strength of the porcelain is improved by more than 22%), and the development of the purple glaze for the insulator achieves the design purpose and meets the process and industry standards of a company.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric porcelain glaze materials, and particularly relates to purple glaze for insulator processing and a processing method thereof.
Background
The electric porcelain is a porcelain insulator which is prepared by firing natural minerals such as bauxite, kaolin, feldspar and the like serving as main raw materials at high temperature and is applied to power industrial systems, and comprises various line insulators, insulators for power station electric appliances and insulating parts for isolating or supporting other charged bodies. The electric porcelain is an important basic device in the power industry, belongs to the field of equipment manufacturing industry which is mainly supported during the 'eleven-five' period of China, and is the basic industry of national economy.
The surface of the electric porcelain is usually coated with electric porcelain glaze, wherein the electric porcelain glaze is glaze applied to the surface of a blank of the electric porcelain product, and the coating of the glaze can improve the electrical property, mechanical strength and chemical stability of the electric porcelain, and can make the surface of the porcelain smooth and beautiful and be convenient for cleaning. With the rapid development of electric power industry, the voltage class is continuously improved, the voltage class is widely distributed between 110KV and 1000KV, and the types of correspondingly used high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage electric porcelain are various, but various insulators are usually made of different electric porcelain blanks (high-grade blanks and low-grade blanks), the structural compositions of different electric porcelain products are different, particularly the chemical compositions of the insulators are greatly different, and the requirements on the matching performance of glaze coated on the surfaces of the electric porcelain are higher and higher.
Brown glaze is the most common glaze on current electric porcelain, and most insulators are brown, so that the product has a single color, the requirements of different customers cannot be met, and the competitiveness of the product of a company is reduced. At present, glazes with other colors are available on the market, but the combination of the colored glazes and the electric porcelain blank is not good, and the requirements of China on glazing strength, porcelain bending strength, insulator breakdown rate and other indexes cannot be met, so that the further improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a purple glaze for processing an insulator and a processing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing colored glaze is poor in binding property with an electric porcelain blank body, and cannot meet requirements on indexes such as glazing strength, porcelain bending strength and insulator breakdown rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme of the invention is as follows: the purple glaze for processing the insulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26-31 parts of potash feldspar, 5-10 parts of albite, 3-7 parts of ball clay, 19-23 parts of hard kaolin, 9-13 parts of calcined talc, 5-9 parts of limestone, 22-26 parts of quartz powder, 1-3 parts of barium carbonate and 6-10 parts of purple chromophore.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the scheme are as follows:
1. after the purple glaze and the green body are formed into porcelain, the porcelain has smooth and bright surface, is fine and smooth, is bright purple, and can well meet the requirements of customers on purple electric porcelain. The purple glaze can be well combined with the blank body, after the porcelain is formed, a good intermediate layer can be generated between the glaze and the blank body, the performance of the porcelain can be greatly improved (the strength of the porcelain is improved by more than 22%), the design purpose is achieved by the development of the purple glaze for the insulator, and the process and industry standards of a company can be well met.
2. The albite and the potassium feldspar are mainly used for introducing SiO into the formula2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O, formula K2O、Na2O is mainly provided by these two species. The two substances are used as strong flux in the glaze, can reduce the melting temperature of the glaze, has good capability of dissolving other substances, has a wider melting temperature range, and can reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze and increase the brightness of the glaze. However, the addition of these two substances can reduce the chemical stability of the glaze to some extent,increasing the coefficient of expansion of the glaze. Barium carbonate is mainly used for introducing BaO into the formula, so that the brightness of the porcelain formed by the new formula can be improved, and the stability of the glaze is improved; BaO and other metal oxides form eutectic compounds, so that the expansion coefficient and viscosity of the glaze can be reduced, and the high-temperature fluidity of the glaze can be improved. However, when the dosage of BaO is too much, the glazing strength can be reduced, and the glazing strength can be ensured while the stability of the glaze is improved by reasonably controlling the dosage of barium carbonate. In the scheme, the Hunan high-potassium low-sodium feldspar, the Hunan high-sodium low-potassium feldspar and the barium carbonate are matched together, so that the prepared glaze has good comprehensive performance.
3. The ball clay has good binding force of about 5.0MPa, so that the formula has good glaze slip suspension performance. However, when the amount is too large, the thickness of the glaze layer is increased, and the glaze layer is liable to crack. The proportion of various raw materials is controlled by repeatedly adjusting the formula, so that the problem that a glaze layer is easy to crack is effectively avoided.
4. The quantitative calcined talc and limestone are matched, so that the elasticity of the formula can be obviously improved, the generation of a blank glaze intermediate layer is promoted, the bonding effect of the blank glaze is increased, and the hardness, stability, mechanical strength and thermal stability of the glaze are improved.
Optionally, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of potash feldspar, 8 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 21 parts of hard kaolin, 12 parts of calcined talc, 7 parts of limestone, 24 parts of quartz powder, 2 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of purple chromophore. Long-term tests of the applicant show that when the raw materials of the purple glaze are determined to be the parts, the produced purple glaze has relatively good comprehensive performance.
Optionally, the following chemical components are included in percentage by mass: SiO 22 63-66.5％、Al2O3 14-16％、Fe2O30-0.8％、CaO 3-4％、MgO 3-4％、K2O 2.2-3.4％、Na21-2% of O, 1-2.4% of BaO and 6-7% of loss on ignition. The chemical composition and amount of glaze have a crucial influence on the quality of glaze, such as Al2O3Can influence glazing strength, the content of MgO and CaO influences the elasticity of the formula, and SiO2Can play a role of a skeleton and reduce the expansion coefficient of the glaze. The method reasonably controls the dosage of various chemical components, obviously improves the elasticity of the purple glaze, promotes the generation of the intermediate layer of the blank glaze, is beneficial to the firm combination of the blank glaze, improves the mechanical strength and the thermal stability of the glaze, reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze and ensures that the glaze is in a good compressive stress state.
The invention also provides a processing method of the purple glaze for processing the insulator, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 26-31 parts of potash feldspar, 5-10 parts of albite, 3-7 parts of ball clay, 19-23 parts of hard kaolin, 9-13 parts of calcined talc, 5-9 parts of limestone, 22-26 parts of quartz powder, 1-3 parts of barium carbonate and 6-10 parts of purple chromophore; the ball material comprises a ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, a ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and a ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm;
(2) ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9;
(3) iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;
(4) and (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
Optionally, the ball material comprises 25-35% of ball material with specification of 20-35mm, 45-55% of ball material with specification of 45-65mm, and 15-25% of ball material with specification of 65-80 mm. The specification of ball materials and the proportion of the ball materials with different specifications are strictly controlled during ball milling, and the ball materials with different specifications are used for ball milling raw materials simultaneously, so that the ball milling effect is improved, the ball milling time can be effectively shortened, and the efficiency is improved.
Optionally, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is added in the ball milling process in the step (2) in an amount of 0.28-0.32% by weight of the raw materials. The quantitative sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added in the ball milling process, so that the effects of deflocculation and dispersion can be achieved, and the ball milling effect is better.
Optionally, in the step (2), the ball mill used includes a ball milling tank in a circular truncated cone shape and a power system for driving the ball milling tank to rotate, a first sieve plate and a second sieve plate are arranged in the ball milling tank, and the diameter of a sieve pore on the second sieve plate is smaller than that of a sieve pore on the first sieve plate; the ball milling tank is sequentially divided into a first ball milling cavity, a second ball milling cavity and a third ball milling cavity by a first sieve plate and a second sieve plate, the third ball milling cavity is positioned at the large-diameter end of the ball milling tank, and the wall of the third ball milling cavity is provided with a plurality of screening holes; ball materials with sequentially reduced sizes are respectively placed in the first ball grinding cavity, the second ball grinding cavity and the third ball grinding cavity; cam rings are respectively arranged outside the first ball grinding cavity and the second ball grinding cavity in a surrounding mode, a material collecting barrel is sleeved outside the third ball grinding cavity, and the material collecting barrel is rotatably connected with the ball grinding tank; the first ball milling cavity and the second ball milling cavity are internally provided with a material turning mechanism, the material turning mechanism comprises a push column which is connected to the side wall of the ball milling tank in a sliding way and a mesh sieve plate which is hinged on the inner wall of the ball milling tank, and the hinged part of the mesh sieve plate is close to one side of the small-diameter end of the ball milling tank; a strip-shaped groove is formed in the mesh sieve plate, a sliding block is connected in the strip-shaped groove in a sliding mode, and one end of the push column is hinged to the sliding block; a clamping groove is formed in the inner wall of the cam ring, and the other end of the push column is connected in the clamping groove in a sliding mode; when the ball-milling jar rotated, under the effect of cam circle, the side wall that pushes away the post along the ball-milling jar slided, ordered about the mesh screen board swing, when the mesh screen board rotated the lower part, the mesh screen board upwards swung extreme position.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows:
when the materials need to be subjected to ball milling, the materials are placed in a first ball milling cavity, a power system is started, and a ball milling tank is driven to rotate. When the ball milling tank rotates, the materials and the ball materials in the first ball milling cavity move along with the ball milling tank, and the ball materials hit and grind the materials, so that the particle size of the materials is gradually reduced. When the particle size of material reduces to a certain extent, the material can get into the second ball-milling intracavity through first sieve. The particle diameter of the material in the second ball milling cavity is gradually reduced under the action of the ball material, and when the particle diameter of the material is smaller than the aperture of the sieve pore of the second sieve plate, the material can enter the third ball milling cavity through the second sieve plate. The materials are continuously ball-milled by the ball materials in the third ball-milling cavity, when the particle size of the materials is smaller than the aperture of the screening hole, the materials pass through the screening hole and enter the material receiving barrel, and the materials in the material receiving barrel are qualified in particle size. When the ball-milling jar rotated, under the effect of cam circle, the side wall reciprocating sliding of pushing ram along the ball-milling jar, the pushing ram ordered about the net sieve board and swung to ball-milling jar path end one side, and the net sieve board swings the in-process and breaks away from the inner wall of ball-milling jar gradually and pushes ball material, material to ball-milling jar path end one side. In the process of pushing ball materials and materials through the mesh screen plate, the materials with small particle sizes fall through the holes in the mesh screen plate, the falling materials slide downwards along the inner wall of the ball milling tank under the action of self gravity, and the materials with small particle sizes are separated from the materials with large particle sizes and the ball materials, so that the materials with small particle sizes can be more effectively transferred to the second ball milling cavity and the third ball milling cavity.
The beneficial effects of the scheme are as follows:
1. in this scheme, set up first ball-milling chamber, second ball-milling chamber and third ball-milling chamber, the ball-milling chamber of difference grinds the material of different particle diameters for the ball-milling of material is targeted more, and is more abundant, effective, can shorten the ball-milling time.
2. The ball milling tank is arranged to be in a round table shape, the wall of the third ball milling cavity is provided with the screening hole, materials with qualified particle sizes can move downwards along the inner wall of the ball milling tank under the action of self gravity, enter the second ball milling cavity and the third ball milling cavity in sequence, and finally enter the material collecting barrel through the screening hole. In this scheme, automatic discharging can be realized to the material that the ball-milling is qualified, need not blow off the material with the help of devices such as fans, can simplify the structure of device and effectively reduce the consumption of the energy.
3. Set up stirring mechanism in this scheme, the net sieve board in the stirring mechanism can push ball material, material to ball-milling jar path end one side, effectively avoids material, ball material to pile up near first sieve, second sieve department, leads to the ball-milling material that ball material can not be abundant. When the mesh sieve plate swings, the mesh sieve plate can lift ball materials and materials, the materials with small particle sizes can fall through holes in the mesh sieve plate, and the materials with small particle sizes are separated from the materials with large particle sizes and the ball materials, so that the materials with small particle sizes can be more effectively transferred to the second ball grinding cavity and the third ball grinding cavity.
Optionally, the first screening deck and the second screening deck are both disposed in an inclined configuration. With first sieve, the slope of second sieve setting, when ball-milling jar rotated, enabled the motion of ball material, material more irregular nature, made the ball material more abundant beat the material, grind.
Optionally, the upper part of the charging barrel is provided with a mounting rack, and the mounting rack is provided with bristles capable of contacting with the barrel wall of the third ball grinding cavity. The ball-milling jar pivoted in-process, the brush hair can be cleaned and brushed the section of thick bamboo wall in third ball-milling chamber, can prevent effectively that the screening hole from blockking up.
Optionally, the push rod is provided with a ball which can be slidably connected in the slot. The arrangement of the balls can reduce the friction coefficient between the push column and the cam ring and reduce abrasion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a ball mill according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the ball milling tank 10, the first ball milling cavity 11, the second ball milling cavity 12, the third ball milling cavity 13, the push plate 131, the power system 20, the rotating shaft 21, the ball material 30, the net sieve plate 40, the strip-shaped groove 41, the sliding block 42, the push column 43, the cam ring 50, the clamping groove 51, the material receiving cylinder 60, the mounting frame 70, the brush bristles 71, the first sieve plate 80 and the second sieve plate 81.
The following description of the raw materials selected for use in the formulation and the present invention will be described in further detail by way of specific embodiments:
1. potassium feldspar: selecting high-potassium low-sodium feldspar in Hunan province, and producing the feldspar in Hunan Yangxiang Hongfu Ming & Ming
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: is black or light black powder material.
After firing: the black pigment is white molten block, is round and smooth, has a relatively smooth section, and is uniformly distributed with a small number of black dots.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 66.2 | 16.0 | 0.2 | / | 0.7 | 0.5 | 11.5 | 3.0 | 0.1 |
(3) Fineness of fineness
The high-potassium low-sodium feldspar powder in Hunan province is a processing material, and the particle size of less than or equal to 0.063mm is about 70%.
(4) Mechanical iron content
The high potassium and low sodium feldspar powder in Hunan province is processed, so the mechanical iron is about 0.01 percent.
2. Quartz powder: selecting Yichun quartz powder produced by Yichun Yifeng mining company Limited in Jiangxi
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: is in the form of off-white or gray-black powder.
After firing: white or black-white powder, containing a small amount of black impurities.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 98.90 | / | 0.10 | / | / | / | 0.15 | / | / |
(3) Fineness of fineness
Yichun quartz powder is a natural superfine powdery material, and the grains with the grain diameter of more than or equal to 0.063mm are only about 3 percent.
(4) Mechanical iron content
Yichun quartz powder is a raw material with fineness not required to be processed, so that the mechanical iron of the Yichun quartz powder is very low and is about 0.001 percent.
3. Hard kaolin: produced in Shanxi Tianrui ceramic raw material processing factory
(2) Appearance quality
Before burning: a gray black powder.
After firing: white powder, not sintered.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 46.14 | 40.93 | 0.61 | / | / | / | 0.48 | 0.35 | 11.44 |
(3) Fineness of fineness
The hard kaolin is a processed powdery material, and the content of particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 0.063mm is about 12 percent.
(4) Binding force
The hard kaolin is plastic clay with a medium or low degree, the average binding force of the hard kaolin is about 0.5MPa, and the hard kaolin plays a great role in improving the suspension property of the slurry with the new formula.
(5) Mechanical iron content
The mechanical iron of Yunnan kaolin is very low, about 0.001 percent
4. Ball clay: dongsheng region of Erdos flag of inner Mongolia
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: is in the shape of grey/grey black block, soft, fine and smooth.
After firing: it is in the form of grey/grey white block, and has no black spot on its surface and cross section, and can not be sintered.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 60.55 | 24.66 | 1.48 | 0.5 | 0.72 | 0.45 | 1.12 | 0.20 | 10.13 |
(3) Rate of hydration
Ball clay is a clay with a high hydration rate, with an average hydration rate of 95%.
(4) Binding force
The ball clay is high plasticity clay, and the bonding force is about 5.0MPa on average.
5. Limestone: chongqing limestone produced in Chongqing
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: a grey powder.
After firing: grey powder, not sintered.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 0 | 0 | 0.4 | / | 52.0 | 0.9 | / | / | 41.0 |
(3) Fineness of fineness
Chongqing limestone is a processed powdery material with more than or equal to about 23% of particles with the diameter of 0.063 mm.
(4) Mechanical iron content
The mechanical iron of the Chongqing limestone is very low, and is about 0.001 percent.
6. Calcined talc: produced in Guangxi province
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: it is in the form of white block.
After firing: it is in the form of white block.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 65.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | / | 0.9 | 33.0 | / | / | 0.01 |
7. Albite: selecting high-sodium low-potassium feldspar in Hunan province, and producing in Sanqiang processing factory in Linxiang city in Hunan province
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: is a grey white powdery material.
After firing: is in a gray fused block shape, has higher fusion degree than the Hunan high-potassium low-sodium feldspar, and is uniformly distributed with a small amount of black spots.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 72.76 | 15.64 | 0.2 | / | 0.5 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 10.5 | 0.1 |
(3) Fineness of fineness
The high-sodium low-potassium feldspar powder in Hunan province is a processing material, and the particle size of less than or equal to 0.063mm is about 70%.
(4) Mechanical iron content
The raw material of the high-sodium low-potassium feldspar powder in Hunan province is processed, so that the mechanical iron of the feldspar powder is about 0.015 percent.
8. Barium carbonate: produced in Chonghua plant
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: it is white powder.
After firing: it is white frit.
(2) Fineness of fineness
Barium carbonate is a superfine powder, and the particle size of the barium carbonate is more than or equal to 63 microns and is 0.
(3) Purity of
BaCO3≥95％。
9. Purple chromophore: new pigment produced in Guangdong
(1) Appearance quality
Black powder.
(2) Fineness of fineness
Ultrafine powder with particle size of 63 μm or more being 0.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a purple glaze for processing an insulator, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of potash feldspar, 8 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 21 parts of hard kaolin, 12 parts of calcined talc, 7 parts of limestone, 24 parts of quartz powder, 2 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of purple chromophore.
The violet glaze in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components:
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | BaO | LL |
| 65.4％ | 15.1％ | 0.5％ | 3.2％ | 3.5％ | 2.8％ | 1.3％ | 1.8％ | 6.4％ |
the processing method of the purple glaze for processing the insulator comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of potash feldspar, 8 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 21 parts of hard kaolin, 12 parts of calcined talc, 7 parts of limestone, 24 parts of quartz powder, 2 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of purple chromophore.
(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.5: 0.8. the ball material comprises 30 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 50 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 20 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.3% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.
(3) Iron removal treatment: and after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials.
(4) And (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
As shown in fig. 1, the ball mill used in step (2) includes a frame, a ball milling tank 10 and a power system 20 for driving the ball milling tank 10 to rotate, the ball milling tank 10 is in a circular truncated cone shape, a rotating shaft 21 is connected to the middle of the side wall of one side of the ball milling tank 10, a feeding pipe is connected to the middle of the side wall of the other side of the ball milling tank, and a material to be ball milled can enter the ball milling tank 10 through the feeding pipe. The power system 20 is fixedly installed on the frame, the power system 20 includes a motor, a reducer and other structures, the motor drives the ball milling jar 10 to rotate through the rotating shaft 21, the power system 20 uses the existing structure, and details are not repeated here.
Fixed mounting has first sieve 80 and second sieve 81 in the ball-milling jar 10, and first sieve 80 and second sieve 81 all incline to set up, and the sieve mesh diameter on the second sieve 81 is less than the sieve mesh on the first sieve 80. The first sieve plate 80 and the second sieve plate 81 divide the ball milling tank 10 into a first ball milling cavity 11, a second ball milling cavity 12 and a third ball milling cavity 13 from left to right in sequence, and the third ball milling cavity 13 is located at the large-diameter end of the ball milling tank 10. The wall of the third ball milling chamber 13 is provided with a plurality of screening holes, and the diameter of each screening hole is smaller than that of each screen hole on the second screen plate 81. The ball materials 30 are placed in the first ball grinding cavity 11, the second ball grinding cavity 12 and the third ball grinding cavity 13, and the diameters of the ball materials 30 in the first ball grinding cavity 11, the second ball grinding cavity 12 and the third ball grinding cavity 13 are reduced in sequence. The inner wall of the third ball grinding cavity 13 is fixed with a plurality of push plates 131 which are uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the third ball grinding cavity 13, and the push plates 131 can drive the materials and the ball materials 30 to move together along with the ball grinding tank 10, so that the materials and the ball materials 30 are prevented from being always accumulated at the bottom of the third ball grinding cavity 13.
Cam rings 50 are arranged around the outer portions of the first ball grinding cavity 11 and the second ball grinding cavity 12, a material collecting barrel 60 is sleeved on the outer portion of the third ball grinding cavity 13, and the cam rings 50 and the material collecting barrel 60 are fixedly mounted on the machine frame. The material receiving barrel 60 is rotatably connected with the ball milling tank 10, the bottom of the material receiving barrel 60 is conical, and the bottom of the material receiving barrel 60 is connected with a material discharging pipe. The first ball-milling cavity 11 and the second ball-milling cavity 12 are both provided with a material-turning mechanism, the material-turning mechanism comprises a push column 43 and a mesh sieve plate 40, the push column 43 is slidably connected to the side wall of the ball-milling tank 10, and the sliding direction of the push column 43 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 21. The mesh sieve plate 40 is provided with holes, and the aperture of the holes on the mesh sieve plate 40 is equal to the aperture of the holes on the first sieve plate 80. The mesh screen plate 40 articulates on the inner wall of ball-milling jar 10, and mesh screen plate 40 can laminate with the inner wall of ball-milling jar 10, and the articulated department of mesh screen plate 40 and ball-milling jar 10 is close to one side of ball-milling jar 10 path end. One side of the mesh sieve plate 40 close to the inner wall of the ball milling tank 10 is provided with a strip-shaped groove 41 (the strip-shaped groove 41 is a dovetail groove), the strip-shaped groove 41 is connected with a sliding block 42 in a sliding way, and the upper end of a push column 43 is hinged on the sliding block 42. A locking groove 51 (locking groove 51 is a dovetail groove) forming a closed loop is formed on the inner wall of the cam ring 50, and balls are mounted at the lower end of the push column 43, and are locked in the locking groove 51 and can slide along the locking groove 51. The distance from the clamping groove 51 to the surface of the ball milling tank 10 is unequal, when the ball milling tank 10 rotates, the push pillars 43 can slide back and forth along the side wall of the ball milling tank 10 under the action of the cam ring 50, and the mesh plate 40 can be driven to swing by the back and forth sliding of the push pillars 43. When the mesh deck 40 is turned to the lower part, the mesh deck 40 swings upwards to the extreme position; when the mesh screen plate 40 is rotated to the upper portion, the mesh screen plate 40 is gradually restored to be in contact with the inner wall of the ball milling jar 10.
A mounting bracket 70 is fixed in the upper part of the charging barrel 60, and bristles 71 capable of contacting with the barrel wall of the third ball grinding chamber 13 are connected to the mounting bracket 70. In the process of rotation of the ball milling tank 10, the brush bristles 71 can clean the wall of the third ball milling cavity 13, and the screening holes can be effectively prevented from being blocked.
When the purple glaze for the insulator is used, glazing and firing are carried out.
The glazing method comprises the following specific steps:
1) before glazing, the sponge is dipped in water to lightly smear the sponge on the surface of the blank, so as to remove dust on the surface of the blank, and meanwhile, the blank is supplemented with certain moisture, so that the blank is prevented from excessively absorbing the moisture in the glaze slip to influence glazing.
2) Glazing by adopting a glaze dipping method, fully stirring the standby glaze slip to ensure the standby glaze slip to be uniform, then applying paraffin with the length of about 20mm to one end of the blank (the glaze separation effect), holding the other end by a hand, dipping the other end into the glaze slip for 5-8S, continuously rotating the blank, taking the glazed blank out of the glaze slip, and then inversely rotating the blank until the glaze slip does not flow. This is favorable for expelling bubbles and prevents uneven thickness of glaze layer.
3) And drying the glazed blank at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for about 4-5h for later use.
The firing method comprises the following specific steps:
1) and (3) kiln loading: brushing a layer of adhesive powder on a shed plate of a production kiln, and then flatly mounting 10 unglazed green body test strips serving as comparison samples on the shed plate; preparing two processed refractory bricks (note: each refractory brick is drilled with 10 holes with the diameter of about 22mm and the depth of about 24mm by a drilling machine, wherein the 10 holes are uniformly distributed), and vertically inserting a glazing test strip into the holes of the refractory bricks for burning.
2) And (3) firing: the sintering temperature of the blank is within the range of the sintering temperature of the blank, and the maximum sintering temperature is 1250-.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a purple glaze for processing an insulator, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 26 parts of potash feldspar, 5 parts of albite, 4 parts of ball clay, 20 parts of hard kaolin, 9 parts of calcined talc, 5 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 1.2 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of purple chromophore.
The violet glaze in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components:
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | BaO | LL |
| 65.7％ | 14.8％ | 0.4％ | 3.5％ | 3.7％ | 2.8％ | 1.6％ | 0.8％ | 6.7％ |
the processing method of the purple glaze for processing the insulator comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 26 parts of potash feldspar, 5 parts of albite, 4 parts of ball clay, 20 parts of hard kaolin, 9 parts of calcined talc, 5 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 1.2 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of purple chromophore.
(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9. The ball material comprises 25 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 50 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 25 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.28% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.
(3) Iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;
(4) and (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment discloses a purple glaze for processing an insulator, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 31 parts of potash feldspar, 9 parts of albite, 7 parts of ball clay, 22 parts of hard kaolin, 13 parts of calcined talc, 9 parts of limestone, 26 parts of quartz powder, 3 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of purple chromophore.
The violet glaze in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components:
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | BaO | LL |
| 65.1％ | 14.7％ | 0.6％ | 3.4％ | 3.5％ | 2.6％ | 1.4％ | 2.1％ | 6.6％ |
the processing method of the purple glaze for processing the insulator comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 31 parts of potash feldspar, 9 parts of albite, 7 parts of ball clay, 22 parts of hard kaolin, 13 parts of calcined talc, 9 parts of limestone, 26 parts of quartz powder, 3 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of purple chromophore.
(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9. The ball material comprises 27 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 53 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 20 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.32% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.
(3) Iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;
(4) and (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
The violet enamels obtained in examples 1 to 3 were tested and the data obtained are shown in tables 1 to 4:
table 1: purple glaze performance
Table 2: high temperature fluidity of violet glaze
Table 3.1: porcelain bending strength (purple glaze upper low-grade body)
(explaining that the porcelain bending strength refers to the strength of a low-grade blank body before being coated with the purple glaze, the glazing strength refers to the strength of the low-grade blank body coated with the purple glaze, and the porcelain bending strength improvement degree refers to the improvement rate of the strength of the low-grade blank body after being coated with the purple glaze.)
Table 3.2: porcelain bending strength (high-grade body on purple glaze)
(explanation: porcelain bending strength means the strength of a high-grade blank body before being coated with purple glaze, glazing strength means the strength of the high-grade blank body after being coated with the purple glaze, and porcelain bending strength improvement means the improvement rate of the strength of the high-grade blank body after being coated with the purple glaze.)
Table 4: appearance quality (the appearance after firing the insulator purple glaze)
The violet glazes of examples 1-3 were subjected to a pilot test (testing the performance of the insulator with the violet glaze) and the data obtained are shown in tables 5 and 6:
table 5: breakdown Rate (%) of the product
(specification: the qualified requirement of the product: the breakdown rate is less than or equal to 3.0%)
Table 6: mechanical and electrical breakdown strength (MPa)
The technical index requirements of the purple glaze are as follows: the fluidity is 0.29 plus or minus 0.05, and the relative viscosity is 3.4 plus or minus 0.5; high-temperature fluidity of glaze: 48 ± 4 (mm); appearance quality: the glaze color is fine and bright and is bright purple; the ceramic bending strength is improved: the bending strength of the glazed porcelain is improved by more than 22 percent compared with that of the unglazed porcelain. The data of the embodiments 1 to 3 clearly show that the technical indexes of the violet glaze in the scheme meet the requirements, the violet glaze can be well matched with low-grade and high-grade blanks, the breakdown rate of the product can be controlled within 3%, the performance is excellent, and the market requirements can be better met.
Claims (6)
1. The processing method of the purple glaze for processing the insulator is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 26-31 parts of potash feldspar, 5-10 parts of albite, 3-7 parts of ball clay, 19-23 parts of hard kaolin, 9-13 parts of calcined talc, 5-9 parts of limestone, 22-26 parts of quartz powder, 1-3 parts of barium carbonate and 6-10 parts of purple chromophore;
(2) ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9; the ball material comprises a ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, a ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and a ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm;
(3) iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;
(4) and (3) staling: ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use;
in the step (2), the used ball mill comprises a ball milling tank in a circular truncated cone shape and a power system for driving the ball milling tank to rotate, a first sieve plate and a second sieve plate are arranged in the ball milling tank, and the diameter of a sieve pore on the second sieve plate is smaller than that of a sieve pore on the first sieve plate; the ball milling tank is sequentially divided into a first ball milling cavity, a second ball milling cavity and a third ball milling cavity by a first sieve plate and a second sieve plate, the third ball milling cavity is positioned at the large-diameter end of the ball milling tank, and the wall of the third ball milling cavity is provided with a plurality of screening holes; ball materials with sequentially reduced sizes are respectively placed in the first ball grinding cavity, the second ball grinding cavity and the third ball grinding cavity; cam rings are respectively arranged outside the first ball grinding cavity and the second ball grinding cavity in a surrounding mode, a material collecting barrel is sleeved outside the third ball grinding cavity, and the material collecting barrel is rotatably connected with the ball grinding tank; the first ball milling cavity and the second ball milling cavity are internally provided with a material turning mechanism, the material turning mechanism comprises a push column which is connected to the side wall of the ball milling tank in a sliding way and a mesh sieve plate which is hinged on the inner wall of the ball milling tank, and the hinged part of the mesh sieve plate is close to one side of the small-diameter end of the ball milling tank; a strip-shaped groove is formed in the mesh sieve plate, a sliding block is connected in the strip-shaped groove in a sliding mode, and one end of the push column is hinged to the sliding block; a clamping groove is formed in the inner wall of the cam ring, and the other end of the push column is connected in the clamping groove in a sliding mode; when the ball-milling jar rotated, under the effect of cam circle, the side wall that pushes away the post along the ball-milling jar slided, ordered about the mesh screen board swing, when the mesh screen board rotated the lower part, the mesh screen board upwards swung extreme position.
2. The method for processing the purple glaze for insulator processing according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ball material comprises 25-35% of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 45-55% of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 15-25% of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm.
3. The method for processing the purple glaze for insulator processing according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose accounting for 0.28-0.32% of the weight of the raw materials in the ball milling process in the step (2).
4. The method for processing the purple glaze for insulator processing according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: first sieve and second sieve all incline to set up.
5. The method for processing the purple glaze for insulator processing according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the upper part of the material collecting barrel is provided with an installation frame, and the installation frame is provided with bristles which can be in contact with the barrel wall of the third ball grinding cavity.
6. The method for processing the purple glaze for insulator processing according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the push column is provided with a ball which can be connected in the clamping groove in a sliding way.
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