CN111995434B

CN111995434B - Green electroceramic glaze and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111995434B
Application number: CN202010954334.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚绍明
Original assignee: Chongqing Gepai Electric Porcelain Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Gepai Electric Porcelain Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-11
Filing date: 2020-09-11
Publication date: 2022-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-11
Also published as: CN111995434A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric porcelain glaze materials, and particularly relates to a green electric porcelain glaze material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the green electric porcelain glaze material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28-33 parts of potash feldspar, 5-9 parts of albite, 4-8 parts of ball clay, 18-22 parts of hard kaolin, 9-14 parts of calcined talc, 6-11 parts of limestone, 20-25 parts of quartz powder, 1.2-3 parts of barium carbonate and 6-12 parts of green chromophore. The green electric porcelain glaze comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 2₂62.5‑66.5％、AI₂O₃13‑15.5％、Fe₂O₃0‑0.6％、CaO 3.2‑4.5％、MgO 3‑4％、K₂O 2.5‑3.5％、Na₂1-2% of O, 0.8-2.5% of BaO and 5-7% of loss on ignition. After the green electric porcelain glaze and the green body are formed into porcelain, the surface is green, smooth and bright, fine and smooth, and can well meet the requirements of customers on green electric porcelain. The green electric porcelain glaze material can be well combined with a blank body, and after porcelain is formed, a good middle layer can be generated between the glaze and the blank body, so that the performance of the porcelain is greatly improved.

Description

Green electroceramic glaze and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric porcelain glaze materials, and particularly relates to a green electric porcelain glaze material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The electric porcelain is a porcelain insulator which is prepared by firing natural minerals such as bauxite, kaolin, feldspar and the like serving as main raw materials at high temperature and is applied to power industrial systems, and comprises various line insulators, insulators for power station electric appliances and insulating parts for isolating or supporting other charged bodies. The electric porcelain is an important basic device in the power industry and is the basic industry of national economy.

The surface of the electric porcelain is usually coated with electric porcelain glaze, wherein the electric porcelain glaze is glaze applied to the surface of a blank of the electric porcelain product, and the coating of the glaze can improve the electrical property, mechanical strength and chemical stability of the electric porcelain, and can make the surface of the porcelain smooth and beautiful and be convenient for cleaning. With the rapid development of electric power industry, the voltage class is continuously improved, the voltage class is widely distributed between 110KV and 1000KV, and the types of correspondingly used high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage electric porcelain are various, but various insulators are usually made of different electric porcelain blanks (high-grade blanks and low-grade blanks), the structural compositions of different electric porcelain products are different, particularly the chemical compositions of the insulators are greatly different, and the requirements on the matching performance of glaze coated on the surfaces of the electric porcelain are higher and higher.

Brown glaze is the most common glaze on current electric porcelain, and most insulators are brown, so that the product has a single color, the requirements of different customers cannot be met, and the competitiveness of the product of a company is reduced. Glaze materials with other colors are available on the market at present, but the glaze materials are poor in binding property with an electric porcelain blank body, and cannot meet the requirements of China on indexes such as glazing strength, porcelain bending strength and insulator breakdown rate.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a green electric porcelain glaze and a preparation method thereof, which aim to solve the problem of single color of the existing glaze product.

In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme of the invention is as follows: the green electric porcelain glaze and the preparation method thereof comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28-33 parts of potash feldspar, 5-9 parts of albite, 4-8 parts of ball clay, 18-22 parts of hard kaolin, 9-14 parts of calcined talc, 6-11 parts of limestone, 20-25 parts of quartz powder, 1.2-3 parts of barium carbonate and 6-12 parts of green chromophore; the green electric porcelain glaze comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 2₂62.5-66.5％、AI₂O₃13-15.5％、Fe₂O₃0-0.6％、CaO 3.2-4.5％、MgO 3-4％、K₂O 2.5-3.5％、Na₂1-2% of O, 0.8-2.5% of BaO0 and 5-7% of loss on ignition.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the scheme are as follows:

1. after the green electric porcelain glaze material and the green body are formed into porcelain, the porcelain surface is smooth and bright, fine and smooth, is green, and can well meet the requirements of customers on green electric porcelain. The green electric porcelain glaze material can be well combined with a blank body, after porcelain is formed, a good middle layer can be generated between the glaze and the blank body, the performance of the porcelain can be greatly improved (the strength of the porcelain is improved by more than 22%), the design purpose is achieved through the development of the green electric porcelain glaze material, and the process and industry standards of a company can be well met.

2. The chemical composition and amount of glaze have a crucial influence on the quality of glaze, such as AI₂O₃Capable of influencing glazingStrength, MgO, CaO content affecting the elasticity of the formulation, SiO₂Can play a role of a skeleton and reduce the expansion coefficient of the glaze. The scheme reasonably controls the dosage of various chemical components, obviously improves the elasticity of the green electric porcelain glaze, promotes the generation of the intermediate layer of the blank glaze, is beneficial to the firm combination of the blank glaze, improves the mechanical strength and the thermal stability of the glaze, reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze and ensures that the glaze is in a good compressive stress state.

3. The albite and the potassium feldspar are mainly used for introducing SiO into the formula₂、Al₂O₃、K₂O、Na₂O, formula K₂O、Na₂O is mainly provided by these two species. The two substances are used as strong flux in the glaze, can reduce the melting temperature of the glaze, has good capability of dissolving other substances, has a wider melting temperature range, and can reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze and increase the brightness of the glaze. However, the addition of the two substances can reduce the chemical stability of the glaze to a certain extent and increase the expansion coefficient of the glaze. Barium carbonate is mainly used for introducing BaO into the formula, so that the brightness of the porcelain formed by the new formula can be improved, and the stability of the glaze is improved; BaO and other metal oxides form eutectic compounds, so that the expansion coefficient and viscosity of the glaze can be reduced, and the high-temperature fluidity of the glaze can be improved. However, when the dosage of BaO is too much, the glazing strength can be reduced, and the glazing strength can be ensured while the stability of the glaze is improved by reasonably controlling the dosage of barium carbonate. In the scheme, the Hunan high-potassium low-sodium feldspar, the Hunan high-sodium low-potassium feldspar and the barium carbonate are matched together, so that the prepared glaze has good comprehensive performance.

4. The ball clay has good binding force of about 5.0MPa, so that the formula has good glaze slip suspension performance. However, when the amount is too large, the thickness of the glaze layer is increased, and the glaze layer is liable to crack. The proportion of various raw materials is controlled by repeatedly adjusting the formula, so that the problem that a glaze layer is easy to crack is effectively avoided.

5. The quantitative calcined talc and limestone are matched, so that the elasticity of the formula can be obviously improved, the generation of a blank glaze intermediate layer is promoted, the bonding effect of the blank glaze is increased, and the hardness, stability, mechanical strength and thermal stability of the glaze are improved.

Optionally, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 20 parts of hard kaolin, 10 parts of calcined talc, 8 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 2.4 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of green chromophore. The long-term test of the applicant shows that when the raw materials of the green electric porcelain glaze are determined to be in the parts, the produced green electric porcelain glaze has relatively good comprehensive performance.

Optionally, the following chemical components are included in percentage by mass: SiO 2₂ 63.5-66％、AI₂O₃14-15.5％、Fe₂O₃0-0.5％、CaO 3.2-4.2％、MgO 3-4％、K₂O 2.7-3.2％、Na₂1.2-2% of O, 2.2-78% of BaO1 and 6-7% of loss on ignition. The chemical components of the green electric porcelain glaze are controlled in the range, and the prepared green electric porcelain glaze has better use.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the green electric porcelain glaze, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28-33 parts of potash feldspar, 5-9 parts of albite, 4-8 parts of ball clay, 18-22 parts of hard kaolin, 9-14 parts of calcined talc, 6-11 parts of limestone, 20-25 parts of quartz powder, 1.2-3 parts of barium carbonate and 6-12 parts of green chromophore;

(2) ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9;

(3) iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;

(4) and (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.

Optionally, the ball material comprises 25-35% of ball material with specification of 20-35mm, 45-55% of ball material with specification of 45-65mm, and 15-25% of ball material with specification of 65-80 mm. The specification of ball materials and the proportion of the ball materials with different specifications are strictly controlled during ball milling, and the ball materials with different specifications are used for ball milling raw materials simultaneously, so that the ball milling effect is improved, the ball milling time can be effectively shortened, and the efficiency is improved.

Optionally, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is added in the ball milling process in the step (2) in an amount of 0.28-0.32% by weight of the raw materials. The quantitative sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added in the ball milling process, so that the effects of deflocculation and dispersion can be achieved, and the ball milling effect is better.

Optionally, in the step (2), the ball mill used includes a ball milling tank in a circular truncated cone shape and a power system for driving the ball milling tank to rotate, a first sieve plate and a second sieve plate are arranged in the ball milling tank, and the diameter of a sieve pore on the second sieve plate is smaller than that of a sieve pore on the first sieve plate; the ball milling tank is sequentially divided into a first ball milling cavity, a second ball milling cavity and a third ball milling cavity by a first sieve plate and a second sieve plate, the third ball milling cavity is positioned at the large-diameter end of the ball milling tank, and the wall of the third ball milling cavity is provided with a plurality of screening holes; ball materials with sequentially reduced sizes are respectively placed in the first ball grinding cavity, the second ball grinding cavity and the third ball grinding cavity; cam rings are respectively arranged outside the first ball grinding cavity and the second ball grinding cavity in a surrounding mode, a material collecting barrel is sleeved outside the third ball grinding cavity, and the material collecting barrel is rotatably connected with the ball grinding tank; the first ball milling cavity and the second ball milling cavity are internally provided with a material turning mechanism, the material turning mechanism comprises a push column which is connected to the side wall of the ball milling tank in a sliding way and a mesh sieve plate which is hinged on the inner wall of the ball milling tank, and the hinged part of the mesh sieve plate is close to one side of the small-diameter end of the ball milling tank; a strip-shaped groove is formed in the mesh sieve plate, a sliding block is connected in the strip-shaped groove in a sliding mode, and one end of the push column is hinged to the sliding block; a clamping groove is formed in the inner wall of the cam ring, and the other end of the push column is connected in the clamping groove in a sliding mode; when the ball-milling jar rotated, under the effect of cam circle, the side wall that pushes away the post along the ball-milling jar slided, ordered about the mesh screen board swing, when the mesh screen board rotated the lower part, the mesh screen board upwards swung extreme position.

The working principle of the scheme is as follows:

when the materials need to be subjected to ball milling, the materials are placed in a first ball milling cavity, a power system is started, and a ball milling tank is driven to rotate. When the ball milling tank rotates, the materials and the ball materials in the first ball milling cavity move along with the ball milling tank, and the ball materials hit and grind the materials, so that the particle size of the materials is gradually reduced. When the particle size of material reduces to a certain extent, the material can get into the second ball-milling intracavity through first sieve. The particle diameter of the material in the second ball milling cavity is gradually reduced under the action of the ball material, and when the particle diameter of the material is smaller than the aperture of the sieve pore of the second sieve plate, the material can enter the third ball milling cavity through the second sieve plate. The materials are continuously ball-milled by the ball materials in the third ball-milling cavity, when the particle size of the materials is smaller than the aperture of the screening hole, the materials pass through the screening hole and enter the material receiving barrel, and the materials in the material receiving barrel are qualified in particle size. When the ball-milling jar rotated, under the effect of cam circle, the side wall reciprocating sliding of pushing ram along the ball-milling jar, the pushing ram ordered about the net sieve board and swung to ball-milling jar path end one side, and the net sieve board swings the in-process and breaks away from the inner wall of ball-milling jar gradually and pushes ball material, material to ball-milling jar path end one side. In the process of pushing ball materials and materials through the mesh screen plate, the materials with small particle sizes fall through the holes in the mesh screen plate, the falling materials slide downwards along the inner wall of the ball milling tank under the action of self gravity, and the materials with small particle sizes are separated from the materials with large particle sizes and the ball materials, so that the materials with small particle sizes can be more effectively transferred to the second ball milling cavity and the third ball milling cavity.

The beneficial effects of the scheme are as follows:

1. in this scheme, set up first ball-milling chamber, second ball-milling chamber and third ball-milling chamber, the ball-milling chamber of difference grinds the material of different particle diameters for the ball-milling of material is targeted more, and is more abundant, effective, can shorten the ball-milling time.

2. The ball milling tank is arranged to be in a round table shape, the wall of the third ball milling cavity is provided with the screening hole, materials with qualified particle sizes can move downwards along the inner wall of the ball milling tank under the action of self gravity, enter the second ball milling cavity and the third ball milling cavity in sequence, and finally enter the material collecting barrel through the screening hole. In this scheme, automatic discharging can be realized to the material that the ball-milling is qualified, need not blow off the material with the help of devices such as fans, can simplify the structure of device and effectively reduce the consumption of the energy.

3. Set up stirring mechanism in this scheme, the net sieve board in the stirring mechanism can push ball material, material to ball-milling jar path end one side, effectively avoids material, ball material to pile up near first sieve, second sieve department, leads to the ball-milling material that ball material can not be abundant. When the mesh sieve plate swings, the mesh sieve plate can lift ball materials and materials, the materials with small particle sizes can fall through holes in the mesh sieve plate, and the materials with small particle sizes are separated from the materials with large particle sizes and the ball materials, so that the materials with small particle sizes can be more effectively transferred to the second ball grinding cavity and the third ball grinding cavity.

Optionally, the strip-shaped groove and the clamping groove are both provided with dovetail grooves. The strip-shaped groove and the clamping groove are arranged to be dovetail grooves, and the sliding block and the pushing column can be well clamped in the strip-shaped groove and the clamping groove and are not easy to fall off.

Optionally, the upper part of the charging barrel is provided with a mounting rack, and the mounting rack is provided with bristles capable of contacting with the barrel wall of the third ball grinding cavity. The ball-milling jar pivoted in-process, the brush hair can be cleaned and brushed the section of thick bamboo wall in third ball-milling chamber, can prevent effectively that the screening hole from blockking up.

Optionally, a plurality of push plates uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the third ball grinding chamber are fixed on the inner wall of the third ball grinding chamber. The push plate can drive the materials and the ball materials to move together along with the ball milling tank, so that the materials and the ball materials are prevented from being always accumulated at the bottom of the third ball milling cavity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a ball mill according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the ball milling tank 10, the first ball milling cavity 11, the second ball milling cavity 12, the third ball milling cavity 13, the push plate 131, the power system 20, the rotating shaft 21, the ball material 30, the net sieve plate 40, the strip-shaped groove 41, the sliding block 42, the push column 43, the cam ring 50, the clamping groove 51, the material receiving cylinder 60, the mounting frame 70, the brush bristles 71, the first sieve plate 80 and the second sieve plate 81.

The following description of the raw materials selected for use in the formulation and the present invention will be described in further detail by way of specific embodiments:

1. potassium feldspar: selecting high-potassium low-sodium feldspar in Hunan province, and producing the feldspar in Hunan Yangxiang Hongfu Ming & Ming

(1) Appearance quality

Before burning: is black or light black powder material.

After firing: the black pigment is white molten block, is round and smooth, has a relatively smooth section, and is uniformly distributed with a small number of black dots.

(2) Chemical analysis

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

TiO₂

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

Loss on ignition

％

66.2

16.0

0.2

/

0.7

0.5

11.5

3.0

0.1

(3) Fineness of fineness

The high-potassium low-sodium feldspar powder in Hunan province is a processing material, and the particle size of less than or equal to 0.063mm is about 70%.

(4) Mechanical iron content

The high potassium and low sodium feldspar powder in Hunan province is processed, so the mechanical iron is about 0.01 percent.

2. Quartz powder: selecting Yichun quartz powder produced by Yichun Yifeng mining company Limited in Jiangxi

(1) Appearance quality

Before burning: is in the form of off-white or gray-black powder.

After firing: white or black-white powder, containing a small amount of black impurities.

(2) Chemical analysis

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

TiO₂

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

Loss on ignition

％

98.90

/

0.10

/

0.15

/

(3) Fineness of fineness

Yichun quartz powder is a natural superfine powdery material, and the grains with the grain diameter of more than or equal to 0.063mm are only about 3 percent.

(4) Mechanical iron content

Yichun quartz powder is a raw material with fineness not required to be processed, so that the mechanical iron of the Yichun quartz powder is very low and is about 0.001 percent.

3. Hard kaolin: produced in Shanxi Tianrui ceramic raw material processing factory

(2) Appearance quality

Before burning: a gray black powder.

After firing: white powder, not sintered.

(2) Chemical analysis

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

TiO₂

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

Loss on ignition

％

46.14

40.93

0.61

/

0.48

0.35

11.44

(3) Fineness of fineness

The hard kaolin is a processed powdery material, and the content of particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 0.063mm is about 12 percent.

(4) Binding force

The hard kaolin is plastic clay with a medium or low degree, the average binding force of the hard kaolin is about 0.5MPa, and the hard kaolin plays a great role in improving the suspension property of the slurry with the new formula.

(5) Mechanical iron content

The mechanical iron of Yunnan kaolin is very low, about 0.001 percent

4. Ball clay: dongsheng region of Erdos flag of inner Mongolia

(1) Appearance quality

Before burning: is in the shape of grey/grey black block, soft, fine and smooth.

After firing: it is in the form of grey/grey white block, and has no black spot on its surface and cross section, and can not be sintered.

(2) Chemical analysis

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

TiO₂

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

Loss on ignition

％

60.55

24.66

1.48

0.5

0.72

0.45

1.12

0.20

10.13

(3) Rate of hydration

Ball clay is a clay with a high hydration rate, with an average hydration rate of 95%.

(4) Binding force

The ball clay is high plasticity clay, and the bonding force is about 5.0MPa on average.

5. Limestone: chongqing limestone produced in Chongqing

(1) Appearance quality

Before burning: a grey powder.

After firing: grey powder, not sintered.

(2) Chemical analysis

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

TiO₂

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

Loss on ignition

％

0

0.4

/

52.0

0.9

/

41.0

(3) Fineness of fineness

Chongqing limestone is a processed powdery material with more than or equal to about 23% of particles with the diameter of 0.063 mm.

(4) Mechanical iron content

The mechanical iron of the Chongqing limestone is very low, and is about 0.001 percent.

6. Calcined talc: produced in Guangxi province

(1) Appearance quality

Before burning: it is in the form of white block.

After firing: it is in the form of white block.

(2) Chemical analysis

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

TiO₂

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

Loss on ignition

％

65.0

0.4

0.1

/

0.9

33.0

/

0.01

7. Albite: selecting high-sodium low-potassium feldspar in Hunan province, and producing in Sanqiang processing factory in Linxiang city in Hunan province

(1) Appearance quality

Before burning: is a grey white powdery material.

After firing: is in a gray fused block shape, has higher fusion degree than the Hunan high-potassium low-sodium feldspar, and is uniformly distributed with a small amount of black spots.

(2) Chemical analysis

(3) Fineness of fineness

The high-sodium low-potassium feldspar powder in Hunan province is a processing material, and the particle size of less than or equal to 0.063mm is about 70%.

(4) Mechanical iron content

The raw material of the high-sodium low-potassium feldspar powder in Hunan province is processed, so that the mechanical iron of the feldspar powder is about 0.015 percent.

8. Barium carbonate: produced in Chonghua plant

(1) Appearance quality

Before burning: it is white powder.

After firing: it is white frit.

(2) Fineness of fineness

Barium carbonate is a superfine powder, and the particle size of the barium carbonate is more than or equal to 63 microns and is 0.

(3) Purity of

BaCO₃≥95％。

9. Green chromophore: new pigment produced in Guangdong

(1) Appearance quality

Black powder.

(2) Fineness of fineness

Ultrafine powder with particle size of 63 μm or more being 0.

Example one

The embodiment discloses a green electric porcelain glaze which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 20 parts of hard kaolin, 10 parts of calcined talc, 8 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 2.4 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of green chromophore.

The green electric porcelain glaze in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components:

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

BaO

LL

64.9％

14.9％

0.4％

3.7％

3.3％

2.8％

1.4％

2％

6.9％

the preparation method of the green electric porcelain glaze material comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 20 parts of hard kaolin, 10 parts of calcined talc, 8 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 2.4 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of green chromophore.

(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.5: 0.8. the ball material comprises 30 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 50 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 20 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.3% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.

(3) Iron removal treatment: and after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials.

As shown in fig. 1, the ball mill used in step (2) includes a frame, a ball milling tank 10 and a power system 20 for driving the ball milling tank 10 to rotate, the ball milling tank 10 is in a circular truncated cone shape, a rotating shaft 21 is connected to the middle of the side wall of one side of the ball milling tank 10, a feeding pipe is connected to the middle of the side wall of the other side of the ball milling tank, and a material to be ball milled can enter the ball milling tank 10 through the feeding pipe. The power system 20 is fixedly installed on the frame, the power system 20 includes a motor, a reducer and other structures, the motor drives the ball milling jar 10 to rotate through the rotating shaft 21, the power system 20 uses the existing structure, and details are not repeated here.

Fixed mounting has first sieve 80 and second sieve 81 in the ball-milling jar 10, and first sieve 80 and second sieve 81 all incline to set up, and the sieve mesh diameter on the second sieve 81 is less than the sieve mesh on the first sieve 80. The first sieve plate 80 and the second sieve plate 81 divide the ball milling tank 10 into a first ball milling cavity 11, a second ball milling cavity 12 and a third ball milling cavity 13 from left to right in sequence, and the third ball milling cavity 13 is located at the large-diameter end of the ball milling tank 10. The wall of the third ball milling chamber 13 is provided with a plurality of screening holes, and the diameter of each screening hole is smaller than that of each screen hole on the second screen plate 81. The ball materials 30 are placed in the first ball grinding cavity 11, the second ball grinding cavity 12 and the third ball grinding cavity 13, and the diameters of the ball materials 30 in the first ball grinding cavity 11, the second ball grinding cavity 12 and the third ball grinding cavity 13 are reduced in sequence. The inner wall of the third ball grinding cavity 13 is fixed with a plurality of push plates 131 which are uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the third ball grinding cavity 13, and the push plates 131 can drive the materials and the ball materials 30 to move together along with the ball grinding tank 10, so that the materials and the ball materials 30 are prevented from being always accumulated at the bottom of the third ball grinding cavity 13.

Cam rings 50 are arranged around the outer portions of the first ball grinding cavity 11 and the second ball grinding cavity 12, a material collecting barrel 60 is sleeved on the outer portion of the third ball grinding cavity 13, and the cam rings 50 and the material collecting barrel 60 are fixedly mounted on the machine frame. The material receiving barrel 60 is rotatably connected with the ball milling tank 10, the bottom of the material receiving barrel 60 is conical, and the bottom of the material receiving barrel 60 is connected with a material discharging pipe. The first ball-milling cavity 11 and the second ball-milling cavity 12 are both provided with a material-turning mechanism, the material-turning mechanism comprises a push column 43 and a mesh sieve plate 40, the push column 43 is slidably connected to the side wall of the ball-milling tank 10, and the sliding direction of the push column 43 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 21. The mesh sieve plate 40 is provided with holes, and the aperture of the holes on the mesh sieve plate 40 is equal to the aperture of the holes on the first sieve plate 80. The mesh screen plate 40 articulates on the inner wall of ball-milling jar 10, and mesh screen plate 40 can laminate with the inner wall of ball-milling jar 10, and the articulated department of mesh screen plate 40 and ball-milling jar 10 is close to one side of ball-milling jar 10 path end. One side of the mesh sieve plate 40 close to the inner wall of the ball milling tank 10 is provided with a strip-shaped groove 41 (the strip-shaped groove 41 is a dovetail groove), the strip-shaped groove 41 is connected with a sliding block 42 in a sliding way, and the upper end of a push column 43 is hinged on the sliding block 42. A locking groove 51 (locking groove 51 is a dovetail groove) forming a closed loop is formed on the inner wall of the cam ring 50, and balls are mounted at the lower end of the push column 43, and are locked in the locking groove 51 and can slide along the locking groove 51. The distance from the clamping groove 51 to the surface of the ball milling tank 10 is unequal, when the ball milling tank 10 rotates, the push pillars 43 can slide back and forth along the side wall of the ball milling tank 10 under the action of the cam ring 50, and the mesh plate 40 can be driven to swing by the back and forth sliding of the push pillars 43. When the mesh deck 40 is turned to the lower part, the mesh deck 40 swings upwards to the extreme position; when the mesh screen plate 40 is rotated to the upper portion, the mesh screen plate 40 is gradually restored to be in contact with the inner wall of the ball milling jar 10.

A mounting bracket 70 is fixed in the upper part of the charging barrel 60, and bristles 71 capable of contacting with the barrel wall of the third ball grinding chamber 13 are connected to the mounting bracket 70. In the process of rotation of the ball milling tank 10, the brush bristles 71 can clean the wall of the third ball milling cavity 13, and the screening holes can be effectively prevented from being blocked.

When the green electric porcelain glaze material of the scheme is used, glazing and firing operations are carried out.

The glazing method comprises the following specific steps:

1) before glazing, the sponge is dipped in water to lightly smear the sponge on the surface of the blank, so as to remove dust on the surface of the blank, and meanwhile, the blank is supplemented with certain moisture, so that the blank is prevented from excessively absorbing the moisture in the glaze slip to influence glazing.

2) Glazing by adopting a glaze dipping method, fully stirring the standby glaze slip to ensure the standby glaze slip to be uniform, then applying paraffin with the length of about 20mm to one end of the blank (the glaze separation effect), holding the other end by a hand, dipping the other end into the glaze slip for 5-8S, continuously rotating the blank, taking the glazed blank out of the glaze slip, and then inversely rotating the blank until the glaze slip does not flow. This is favorable for expelling bubbles and prevents uneven thickness of glaze layer.

3) And drying the glazed blank at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for about 4-5h for later use.

The firing method comprises the following specific steps:

1) and (3) kiln loading: brushing a layer of adhesive powder on a shed plate of a production kiln, and then flatly mounting 10 unglazed green body test strips serving as comparison samples on the shed plate; preparing two processed refractory bricks (note: each refractory brick is drilled with 10 holes with the diameter of about 22mm and the depth of about 24mm by a drilling machine, wherein the 10 holes are uniformly distributed), and vertically inserting a glazing test strip into the holes of the refractory bricks for burning.

2) And (3) firing: the sintering temperature of the blank is within the range of the sintering temperature of the blank, and the maximum sintering temperature is 1250-.

Example two

The embodiment discloses a green electric porcelain glaze which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of potassium feldspar, 5 parts of albite, 5 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 9 parts of calcined talc, 6 parts of limestone, 21 parts of quartz powder, 1.5 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of green chromophore.

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

BaO

LL

65.3％

15.1％

0.3％

3.4％

3.6％

2.9％

1.7％

1.1％

6.6％

(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of potassium feldspar, 5 parts of albite, 5 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 9 parts of calcined talc, 6 parts of limestone, 21 parts of quartz powder, 1.5 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of green chromophore.

(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9. The ball material comprises 25 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 50 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 25 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.28% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.

EXAMPLE III

The embodiment discloses a green electric porcelain glaze which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 32 parts of potassium feldspar, 9 parts of albite, 8 parts of ball clay, 22 parts of hard kaolin, 13 parts of calcined talc, 10 parts of limestone, 25 parts of quartz powder, 3 parts of barium carbonate and 10 parts of green chromophore.

SiO₂

AI₂O₃

Fe₂O₃

CaO

MgO

K₂O

Na₂O

BaO

LL

65.3％

14.6％

0.5％

3.7％

3.5％

2.6％

1.3％

2.1％

6.4％

(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 32 parts of potassium feldspar, 9 parts of albite, 8 parts of ball clay, 22 parts of hard kaolin, 13 parts of calcined talc, 10 parts of limestone, 25 parts of quartz powder, 3 parts of barium carbonate and 10 parts of green chromophore.

(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9. The ball material comprises 27 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 53 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 20 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.32% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.

The green electroceramic glazes of examples 1 to 3 were tested and the data obtained are shown in tables 1 to 4:

table 1: green electric porcelain glaze material property

Table 2: high-temperature fluidity of green electroceramic glaze

Table 3.1: porcelain bending strength (Green electroceramics glaze upper and lower grade green body)

(explanation: porcelain bending strength refers to the strength of a low-grade blank body before being coated with green electric porcelain glaze, glazing strength refers to the strength of the low-grade blank body after being coated with green electric porcelain glaze, and porcelain bending strength improvement refers to the improvement rate of the strength of the low-grade blank body after being glazed.)

Table 3.2: porcelain bending strength (high-grade green body on green electric porcelain glaze)

(explanation: porcelain bending strength refers to the strength of a high-grade blank body before being coated with green electric porcelain glaze, glazing strength refers to the strength of the high-grade blank body after being coated with green electric porcelain glaze, and porcelain bending strength improvement refers to the improvement rate of the strength of the high-grade blank body after being glazed.)

Table 4: appearance quality (the appearance after firing of green electric porcelain glaze)

Pilot tests were carried out on the green electroceramic glazes of examples 1 to 3 (the properties of the electroceramics after application of the green electroceramics glazes) and the data obtained are shown in tables 5 and 6:

table 5: breakdown Rate (%) of the product

(specification: the qualified requirement of the product: the breakdown rate is less than or equal to 3.0%)

Table 6: mechanical and electrical breakdown strength (MPa)

The technical index requirements of the green electric porcelain glaze material are as follows, and the glaze slip performance is as follows: the fluidity is 0.29 plus or minus 0.05, and the relative viscosity is 3.4 plus or minus 0.5; high-temperature fluidity of glaze: 48 ± 4 (mm); appearance quality: the glaze color is fine, smooth and bright and is green; the ceramic bending strength is improved: the bending strength of the glazed porcelain is improved by more than 22 percent compared with that of the unglazed porcelain. The data of the embodiments 1 to 3 clearly show that the technical indexes of the green electric porcelain glaze material in the scheme all meet the requirements, the green electric porcelain glaze material can be well matched with low-grade and high-grade blanks, the breakdown rate of the product can be controlled within 3%, the performance is excellent, and the market requirements can be better met.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the green electroceramic glaze is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(2) ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9; the ball mill comprises a ball milling tank in a circular truncated cone shape and a power system for driving the ball milling tank to rotate, wherein a first sieve plate and a second sieve plate are arranged in the ball milling tank, and the diameter of a sieve pore on the second sieve plate is smaller than that of a sieve pore on the first sieve plate; the ball milling tank is sequentially divided into a first ball milling cavity, a second ball milling cavity and a third ball milling cavity by a first sieve plate and a second sieve plate, the third ball milling cavity is positioned at the large-diameter end of the ball milling tank, and the wall of the third ball milling cavity is provided with a plurality of screening holes; ball materials with sequentially reduced sizes are respectively placed in the first ball grinding cavity, the second ball grinding cavity and the third ball grinding cavity; cam rings are respectively arranged outside the first ball grinding cavity and the second ball grinding cavity in a surrounding mode, a material collecting barrel is sleeved outside the third ball grinding cavity, and the material collecting barrel is rotatably connected with the ball grinding tank; the first ball milling cavity and the second ball milling cavity are internally provided with a material turning mechanism, the material turning mechanism comprises a push column which is connected to the side wall of the ball milling tank in a sliding way and a mesh sieve plate which is hinged on the inner wall of the ball milling tank, and the hinged part of the mesh sieve plate is close to one side of the small-diameter end of the ball milling tank; a strip-shaped groove is formed in the mesh sieve plate, a sliding block is connected in the strip-shaped groove in a sliding mode, and one end of the push column is hinged to the sliding block; a clamping groove is formed in the inner wall of the cam ring, and the other end of the push column is connected in the clamping groove in a sliding mode; when the ball milling tank rotates, the push columns slide along the side wall of the ball milling tank under the action of the cam ring to drive the mesh screen plate to swing, and when the mesh screen plate rotates to the lower part, the mesh screen plate swings upwards to a limit position;

2. The method for preparing green electroceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ball material comprises 25-35% of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 45-55% of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 15-25% of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm.

3. The method for preparing green electroceramic glaze according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (3) adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose accounting for 0.28-0.32% of the weight of the raw materials in the ball milling process in the step (2).

4. The method for preparing green electroceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: the strip-shaped groove and the clamping groove are both provided with dovetail grooves.

5. The method for preparing green electroceramic glaze according to claim 4, characterized in that: the upper part of the material collecting barrel is provided with an installation frame, and the installation frame is provided with bristles which can be in contact with the barrel wall of the third ball grinding cavity.

6. The method for preparing green electroceramic glaze according to claim 5, characterized in that: the inner wall of the third ball grinding cavity is fixed with a plurality of push plates which are uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the third ball grinding cavity.