CN112025078B - Friction stir welding method for heterogeneous metal layered composite plate - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method for heterogeneous metal layered composite plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN112025078B CN112025078B CN202011083352.XA CN202011083352A CN112025078B CN 112025078 B CN112025078 B CN 112025078B CN 202011083352 A CN202011083352 A CN 202011083352A CN 112025078 B CN112025078 B CN 112025078B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/128—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding making use of additional material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a friction stir welding method for a heterogeneous metal layered composite plate. In order to solve the dilution problem of the clad plate in the friction stir welding process of the composite plate, the invention adds the compensating plate with the same material as the clad plate at the position to be welded preset on one side of the clad plate in the composite plate, and then carries out the friction stir welding, thereby avoiding the dilution problem of the clad plate in the friction stir welding process, and further ensuring the mechanical property and the functionality of the joint of the heterogeneous bimetal laminated composite plate. The dilution problem of the clad plate is a key technical problem which is to be solved urgently in the process of limiting the friction stir welding technology to weld the heterogeneous composite plate with lower clad layer proportion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a friction stir welding method for a heterogeneous metal layered composite plate.
Background
The heterogeneous metal laminated composite board is a composite board consisting of a composite board and a base board which are made of different materials, and the composite board and the base board which are made of different materials and have different performances can complement each other in terms of advantages and disadvantages, so that the heterogeneous metal laminated composite board has obvious advantages in the aspects of comprehensive performance, cost performance and the like compared with a single board. For example, for titanium steel composite plates, due to the existence of the titanium composite layer, compared with a single steel plate, the corrosion resistance is obviously improved; for the aluminum-copper composite plate, the composite plate has the conductivity equivalent to that of a copper and copper alloy plate due to the action of the copper composite layer, but the cost is greatly reduced. Therefore, the heterogeneous metal laminated composite plate has wide application in the industrial field by virtue of excellent performance.
With the further increase of the application fields and ranges of the composite boards, the function of the welding technology cannot be separated. However, for the composite board, due to a certain difference in material between the composite board and the substrate, particularly for the composite board made of heterogeneous materials, an alloying reaction occurs between the composite board and the substrate during the fusion welding process, and a hard and brittle intermetallic compound is generated, thereby seriously harming the mechanical properties and functionality of the joint. Compared with fusion welding, friction stir welding is used as a solid phase welding technology, and can obviously reduce heat input in the welding process, thereby reducing the alloying reaction of a base plate and a composite plate in a joint, and ensuring that the joint has better mechanical properties.
It should be noted that, for the composite board, in order to ensure good performance-to-price ratio, on the premise of ensuring the functionality of the board, the composite board is often expensive, and in order to obtain higher performance-to-price ratio, the thickness of the composite board is often much smaller than that of the substrate. For example, the national standard GB/T32468-2015 specifies that in an aluminum-copper composite plate, the thickness of the copper composite plate accounts for 10% -20% of the total thickness of the composite plate. Good joint performance can be achieved despite welding of the composite panels by friction stir welding techniques. However, in the friction stir welding process, the welded material is locally melted by the heat generated by the friction between the welding tool rotating at a high speed and the workpiece, and when the welding tool moves forward along the welding interface, the plasticized material flows longitudinally under the action of the rotational friction force of the welding tool, so that the thinner clad plate is damaged in the friction stir welding process, and the dilution problem of the clad plate occurs, thereby seriously reducing the functionality of the joint of the clad plate. At present, the problem of composite plate dilution caused by friction stir welding becomes a key technical problem which is to be solved urgently in the welding of heterogeneous composite plates with low composite layer proportion by limiting the friction stir welding technology.
In conclusion, if the dilution problem of the clad plate can be solved during the friction stir welding of the heterogeneous metal layered clad plate, the method has important significance for promoting the industrial application of the friction stir welding technology in the field of welding of the heterogeneous metal layered clad plate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for adding a compensating plate which is made of the same material as the composite plate at the position to be welded and preset on one side of the composite plate in the composite plate and then carrying out friction stir welding, so that the problem of dilution of the composite plate in the friction stir welding process is avoided, the mechanical property and the functionality of a joint of a heterogeneous bimetal laminated composite plate are ensured, and the method has important significance for promoting the industrial application of the heterogeneous bimetal laminated composite plate.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a welding mode for adding a compensation plate with the same material as a composite plate at a preset welding position on one side of the composite plate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation before friction stir welding
Determining the material of the bimetal laminar composite plate to be welded, the thickness h1 of the composite plate, the thickness h2 of the substrate and the thickness h of the compensation plate, measuring the diameter phi 1 of a shaft shoulder of the stirring head, removing dust and oil stains on the joint surface of the compensation plate and the composite plate, and keeping the joint surface clean;
step two: add compensating plate
Adding a compensation plate which is the same as the composite plate in material, has the thickness h (preferably 0.5 mm-h is not less than 2.5mm) and the width w (w is more than the diameter phi 1 of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head of the friction stir welding) at the position to be welded of the friction stir welding preset on one side of the composite plate, and fixing by using a clamp to ensure that the compensation plate is tightly attached to the composite plate. After the compensation plate is added, the total thickness H1 of the welding joint position is H1+ H2+ H.
Step three: friction stir welding
After the composite plate and the compensation plate are fixed, friction stir welding is carried out on the compensation plate according to a pre-designed position to be welded, the pressing amount h3 can be 0.1mm-0.5mm, the rotating speed omega of the adopted stirring head can be 100rpm-5000rpm, the welding speed v can be 50mm/min-2000mm/min, and the friction stir welding of adding the compensation plate on one side of the composite plate is completed.
Step four: post-weld treatment
After the friction stir welding is completed, the friction stir welding needs to be further processed, and redundant compensation plates are removed from one side of the composite plate according to design requirements. Machining and the like can be adopted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the welding method of adding the compensation plate at the position to be welded of the friction stir welding preset on one side of the composite plate can effectively avoid the dilution problem of the composite plate in the friction stir welding process, thereby greatly improving the comprehensive performance of the joint.
2. The welding mode of adding the compensating plate with the same material as the composite plate at the position to be welded of the friction stir welding preset on one side of the composite plate has the characteristics of simple process assembly, convenient and reliable welding process and high comprehensive performance of a joint, thereby having wide industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional friction stir weld without the addition of a compensation plate;
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph of the cross-sectional profile of a 4.0mm thick and thin aluminum-copper composite plate welded joint obtained using the present invention; wherein, the drawing a is a cross-sectional profile after welding, and the drawing b is a cross-sectional profile after welding and machining;
FIG. 4 is a micrograph of the cross-sectional profile of a joint of a 4.0mm thick thin aluminum-copper composite plate joint obtained using a conventional friction stir welding process without the addition of a compensation plate.
The welding joint comprises a composite plate 1, a base plate 2, a compensation plate 3, a stirring head 4, a composite plate H1, a base plate H2, a pressing amount H3, a compensation plate H, an H1, a total thickness of the composite plate, the base plate and the compensation plate before welding and a welding joint thickness of the composite plate obtained after the H2 stirring friction welding is completed.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be described in detail by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the friction stir welding method for adding a compensation plate having the same material as the composite plate on one side of the composite plate according to the present invention is adopted to weld a 4.0mm thick and thin aluminum/copper dual-metal heterogeneous layered composite plate, wherein the aluminum base plate has a thickness h2 of 3.5mm, the copper composite plate has a thickness h1 of 0.5mm, and the compensation plate has a thickness h of 2.0mm, and the friction stir welding method in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation before friction stir welding
Determining that a composite plate in the aluminum/copper double-metal heterogeneous layered composite plate is made of T2 copper, a base plate is made of pure aluminum, the diameter of a shaft shoulder of a selected stirring head is 16mm, and then removing dust and oil stains on the faying surface of the compensation plate and the composite plate to keep the faying surface clean;
step two: add compensating plate
According to the material of the compound board in the composite sheet, the material of confirming the compensation version is T2 copper, at the friction stir welding joint department of predetermineeing in compound board 1 top afterwards, preset thickness be h (2.0mm), wide w (25mm) compensation plate 3, increase the thickness of compound board 1 side, with compensation plate, for the aluminium copper composite sheet anchor clamps and bolt sticis fixed in on the workstation, guarantee closely laminating between compensation plate 3 and the compound board 1. After the addition of the compensation plate 3, the overall thickness H1+ H1+ H2+ H6 mm.
Step three: friction stir welding
After the composite plate 1 and the compensation plate 3 are fixed, the compensation plate 3 faces one side of a friction stir welding tool, and then friction stir welding is carried out, wherein a stirring head with shaft shoulders of phi 16mm, upper 7 degrees and concave bright surfaces, a three-groove threaded needle, the root diameter of phi 5.35mm and the end diameter of phi 4.35mm are adopted in the embodiment; the welding parameters are that the pressing amount h3 is 0.2mm, the welding speed is 150mm/min, and the rotating speed of the stirring head is 900 r/min; the thickness H2 of the welding joint of the aluminum-copper composite plate added with the compensation plate is about 6.0mm, and the requirement that the thickness of the obtained composite plate meets H1 approximately equals to H2 after the friction stir welding is completed is met.
Step four: post-weld treatment
And (3) machining the welded joint of the aluminum-copper composite plate with the thickness of 6.0mm and the added compensation plate, and removing the redundant part of the compensation plate. And completing the friction stir welding of the double-metal-layer composite plate added with the compensation plate.
The joint section morphology of the obtained aluminum-copper double-metal composite plate is shown in figure 3 through the welding process, and as can be seen from the figure, the copper clad layer is not damaged after welding, the dilution phenomenon is hardly generated, the copper clad layer keeps good integrity after welding, and the joint quality is good.
Comparative example 1
In order to better compare the invention with the prior art, the embodiment also provides a comparative example, and the friction stir welding method is adopted to directly weld the aluminum-copper double-metal layered composite plate with the thickness of 4.0mm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation before welding
Preparing a 4.0mm aluminum/copper laminated composite board consisting of an aluminum substrate with the thickness of 3.5mm and a copper laminated board with the thickness of 0.5mm, removing dust and oil stains on the laminated surface of the composite board, and keeping the laminated surface clean.
Step two: conventional friction stir welding without the addition of a compensation plate
The surface of the clad plate faces one side of the friction stir welding tool, and then friction stir welding is directly carried out, wherein the welding parameters adopted in the embodiment are that the pressing amount h3 is 0.2mm, the welding speed is 150mm/min, and the rotating speed of a stirring head is 900r/min, and as shown in fig. 2, the workpiece is ensured to be completely welded through.
The joint section morphology of the obtained aluminum-copper double-metal composite plate through the welding process is shown in fig. 4, and as can be seen from the figure, the copper composite layer has a dilution problem after welding, and the integrity is damaged.
Claims (3)
1. A friction stir welding method of a heterogeneous metal layered composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation before friction stir welding
Removing dust and oil stains on the lapping surface of the compensation plate and the composite plate, and keeping the lapping surface clean;
step two: add compensating plate
Adding a compensation plate with the same material as the composite plate at a position to be welded of friction stir welding preset on one side of the composite plate, and fixing the compensation plate by using a clamp to ensure that the compensation plate is tightly attached to the composite plate; the width of the compensation plate is larger than the diameter of a shaft shoulder of a stirring head used for friction stir welding;
step three: friction stir welding
After the composite plate and the compensation plate are fixed, carrying out friction stir welding on the compensation plate according to a preset position to be welded;
step four: post-weld treatment
And after the friction stir welding is finished, removing redundant compensation plates on one side of the composite plate according to design requirements.
2. A friction stir welding method of a layered composite heterogeneous metal plate according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the compensating plate is 0.5 to 2.5 mm.
3. The friction stir welding method of a heterogeneous metal layered composite plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressing amount of the friction stir welding in the step three is 0.1mm to 0.5mm, the rotation speed of the stirring head is 100-5000rpm, and the welding speed is 50mm/min to 2000 mm/min.
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| CN114083101B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-05-09 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | High-energy beam welding method for avoiding dilution damage of titanium composite layer of titanium/steel composite plate |
| CN114406681A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 青岛力晨新材料科技有限公司 | Method for rolling metal composite plate by friction welding assembly |
| CN114789297B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-07-21 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Friction stir welding repair method for thin-wall heterogeneous metal layered composite material |
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| US6045028A (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-04-04 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Integral corrosion protection of friction-welded joints |
| US7455212B2 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2008-11-25 | General Electric Company | Deposition friction stir welding process and assembly |
| CN101612690A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2009-12-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of Cu-Al dissimilar materials butt joint barrier friction stir welding method |
| CN105618925A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-01 | 西安交通大学 | Stir friction eutectic reaction welding method for lap joint of dissimilar metal |
| CN109202275B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-10-27 | 西安交通大学 | Permanent reinforced friction stir welding method capable of preventing thinning and wide welding width |
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