CN110421241B - High-energy beam welding method for bimetal layered composite board - Google Patents
High-energy beam welding method for bimetal layered composite board Download PDFInfo
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- CN110421241B CN110421241B CN201910733182.6A CN201910733182A CN110421241B CN 110421241 B CN110421241 B CN 110421241B CN 201910733182 A CN201910733182 A CN 201910733182A CN 110421241 B CN110421241 B CN 110421241B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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Abstract
A high-energy beam welding method for a bimetal laminated composite plate comprises the following steps: (1) determining the material of the bimetal laminar composite plate to be welded, the thickness h1 of the composite plate and the thickness h2 of the substrate, and removing dust and oil stains on the butt joint surface of the composite plate; (2) butt-joint assembly is carried out on the composite plates to be welded, the composite plates are welded by adopting a high-energy-beam heat source, and the fusion depth H1 ranges from 1.0H1 to 1.15H 1; (3) and (3) overturning and fixing the composite plate welded with the composite plate in the step (2), and welding the substrate part by adopting a high-energy beam heat source, wherein the fusion depth H2 is more than or equal to 0.9H2 and less than or equal to H2 and less than or equal to 1.0H2, and H1+ H2+0.30mm and more than or equal to H1+ H2 and more than or equal to H1+ H2+0.01 mm. The invention solves the problems that the composite plate is seriously diluted and the comprehensive performance of the joint is obviously influenced in the prior art, and has the advantages of obviously reducing the dilution rate of the composite plate and improving the joint performance of the metal laminated composite plate under the condition of not processing a groove.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-energy beam welding, and particularly relates to a high-energy beam welding method for a bimetal laminated composite plate.
Background
The metal laminated composite board is a composite structure material prepared by forging, pressing, explosive welding and other modes of two layers or multiple layers of different metal boards, wherein the board with the thinner thickness is generally called a composite board, is generally expensive, and mainly has the main function of improving the performances of electric conduction, heat conduction, corrosion resistance and the like of the composite board; the relatively thick plate is called as the base plate, generally has lower cost, and mainly has the effects of reducing the weight of the composite plate, improving the strength and the like. Therefore, the composite plate often has comprehensive properties that a single metal material does not have, and is therefore concerned by industrial fields such as automobiles, aerospace and the like. However, during the industrial application of composite panels, welding problems are inevitably involved.
At present, aiming at the welding technology of composite plates, in order to avoid the problem that the composite plates have high dilution rate in the welding process and seriously affect the comprehensive performance of the composite plates, the composite plates are usually welded by firstly forming a groove and then welding the composite plates in a multi-layer and multi-pass welding mode. Firstly, grooving a composite plate; then, welding is firstly carried out from the top of the composite board (composite board); subsequently welding a transition layer metal on the upper part of the transition layer; finally, welding the substrate; and finally, completing the welding of the composite board. The grooving mode greatly increases the machining cost on one hand, and also obviously increases the consumption of the added materials (welding wires) on the other hand, thereby greatly increasing the material cost. In addition, a transition layer needs to be added in the welding structure, so that the transition layer can play a role in reducing the formation of intermetallic compounds and reducing the dilution rate of the clad plate to a certain extent, but how to correctly select, reasonably design and accurately add the transition layer material still remains a problem to be solved urgently in the welding of the clad plate at present.
The high-energy beam welding has the obvious advantages of high energy density, strong controllability and the like, and is always considered as a potential technology for solving the welding problem of the laminated composite plate. However, in the process of performing single-side welding and double-side forming of the metal laminated composite plate, although a well-formed joint can be obtained, an excessively high heat input causes a drastic chemical combination reaction between the substrate and the clad plate, so that the clad plate portion in the composite plate is seriously diluted and even destroyed, and the functionality is lost, and after the chemical combination reaction between the clad plate and the substrate, a large amount of intermetallic compounds with hard and brittle characteristics are generated, so that the performance of the joint is seriously reduced.
In conclusion, if the method can greatly reduce the formation of intermetallic compounds in the joint of the metal laminated composite plate without processing a groove and using transition layer metal during high-energy beam welding, and effectively avoid the dilution rate problem of the composite plate, the method has important significance for promoting the industrial application of the high-energy beam welding technology in the field of metal laminated composite plate welding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-energy beam welding method for a bimetal laminated composite plate, which solves the problems that the double-plate dilution is serious and the comprehensive performance of a joint is obviously influenced in the single-side welding and double-side forming of the bimetal laminated composite plate by the existing high-energy beam welding technology, and has the advantages of obviously reducing the double-plate dilution rate and improving the joint performance of the metal laminated composite plate under the condition of not needing to process a groove.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-energy beam welding method for a bimetal laminated composite plate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation before high-energy beam welding
Determining the material of the bimetal laminar composite plate to be welded, the thickness h1 of the composite plate and the thickness h2 of the substrate, removing dust and oil stains on the butt joint surface of the composite plate, and keeping the butt joint surface clean;
step two: welding of clad plates in composite plates
Butt-joint assembly is carried out on the composite plates to be welded, the requirement of an assembly gap is smaller than the diameter of a high-energy beam heat source light spot or a high-energy beam, one side of each composite plate faces the high-energy beam heat source, then the composite plates are welded by the high-energy beam heat source, welding of the composite plates in the composite plates is achieved, and the range of the fusion depth H1 is 1.0H 1-1.15H 1;
step three: welding of substrates in composite panels
And D, overturning the composite plate welded with the clad plate in the step two, after the composite plate is fixed, welding the substrate part by adopting a high-energy beam heat source, and ensuring that the range of the fusion depth H2 is not less than 0.9H2 and not more than H2 and not more than 1.0H2, and H1+ H2+0.30mm and not less than H1+ H2 and not less than H1+ H2+0.01mm, thereby completing the high-energy beam welding of the double-metal layer composite plate.
The high-energy beam heat source comprises a plasma, laser and electron beam heat source.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the two-step welding method of welding the composite plate and then welding the substrate, the combination reaction of the composite plate and the substrate can be obviously reduced, the dilution rate of the composite plate is hardly reduced, the generation amount of compounds in the joint is greatly reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the joint is improved.
2. The high-energy beam welding method for the bimetal layered composite plate can remove the process link of grooving before welding of the traditional composite plate, does not need any filling material, and has the characteristics of simple process assembly, convenient and reliable welding process, low cost and high comprehensive performance of joints, thereby having wide industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stage of the welding process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-energy beam single pass double-sided form weld;
FIG. 3 is a macroscopic surface forming micrograph of a 6.0mm thick aluminum-copper composite plate joint obtained using the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a macroscopic surface forming micrograph of a 6.0mm thick aluminum-copper composite plate joint obtained by a conventional high energy beam single pass welding double-sided forming method;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
1-composite board, 2-substrate.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be described in detail by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the high-energy beam welding method for a bimetal layered composite plate of the present invention is used to weld an aluminum-copper bimetal layered composite plate with a thickness of 6.0mm, wherein the thickness h2 of the aluminum substrate is 4.8mm, and the thickness h1 of the copper clad plate is 1.2mm, and in this embodiment, a high-energy beam heat source is welded by using an electron beam, which specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation before high-energy beam welding
Removing dust and oil stains on the butt joint surface of the composite plate, and keeping the butt joint surface clean;
step two: welding of copper clad plate in aluminum-copper composite plate
The aluminum-copper composite plate to be welded is subjected to tight butt-joint assembly, one side of the composite plate 1 faces a high-energy beam heat source, then the composite plate 1 in the composite plate is welded by the high-energy beam heat source, the welding of the composite plate 1 in the composite plate is realized, the fusion depth H1 is ensured to be within the range of 1.0H 1-H1-1.15H 1, the welding parameters adopted in the embodiment are welding voltage of 60kV, welding current of 37mA and welding speed of 280mm/min, the fusion depth H1 of the copper composite plate side of the joint of the aluminum-copper composite plate is 1.3mm, and the requirements that H1 is more than or equal to 1.15H1 is more than or equal to 1.0H1, namely H1 is more than or equal to 1.38mm are met.
Step three: turning over the composite board welded with the composite board 1 in the step two, after the composite board is fixed, welding an aluminum substrate 2 in the aluminum-copper composite board by using a high-energy beam heat source, and ensuring that the fusion depth H2 is within the range of 0.9H 2-1.0H 2 and H1+ H2+0.30mm, H1+ H2-1 + H2+0.01 mm; the welding parameters adopted in the embodiment are that the welding voltage is 60kV, the welding current is 42mA, and the welding speed is 280mm/min, the penetration H2 of the aluminum substrate 2 side of the obtained composite plate joint reaches 4.78mm, the requirements that the H2 is more than or equal to 0.9H2 and less than or equal to 1.0H2, namely the H2 is more than or equal to 4.32mm and less than or equal to 4.8mm are met, and the requirements that the H1+ H2+0.30mm is more than or equal to H1+ H2 is more than or equal to H1+ H2+0.01mm, namely the 6.3mm is more than or equal to 6.08mm and more than or equal.
And finally, completing the high-energy beam welding of the double-metal-layer composite plate.
The joint section morphology of the aluminum-copper double-metal composite plate obtained through the welding process is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from the figure that the copper clad layer is not damaged after welding, the dilution phenomenon hardly occurs, the intermetallic compound hardly occurs in the interface of the joint, and the joint quality is good.
In order to better compare the invention with the prior art, the embodiment also takes a comparative example, and adopts a conventional high-energy beam single-pass welding double-sided forming method to weld, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation before welding
Preparing a 6.0mm composite board consisting of two aluminum substrates with the thickness of 4.8mm and a copper composite board with the thickness of 1.2mm, removing dust and oil stains on the butt joint surface of the composite board, and keeping the butt joint surface clean.
Step two: welding by conventional high-energy beam single-pass welding and double-side forming method
And (3) welding the electron beam right above the butt joint surface, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding voltage is 60kV, the welding current is 52mA, the welding speed is 280mm/min, and as shown in figure 2, the workpiece is ensured to be completely melted through.
The joint section morphology of the obtained aluminum-copper double-metal composite plate is shown in fig. 4 through the welding process, and it can be seen from the figure that the copper composite layer is almost completely destroyed after welding, and a continuous intermetallic compound transition layer is generated in the interface of the joint, which seriously affects the quality of the joint of the composite plate.
Claims (2)
1. A high-energy beam welding method of a bimetal layered composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation before high-energy beam welding
Determining the material of the bimetal laminar composite plate to be welded, the thickness h1 of the composite plate (1) and the thickness h2 of the base plate (2), removing dust and oil stains on the butt joint surface of the composite plate, and keeping the butt joint surface clean;
step two: welding of clad plates (1) in composite plates
Butt-joint assembly is carried out on the composite plates to be welded, the assembly gap requirement is smaller than the diameter of a high-energy beam heat source light spot or a high-energy beam, one side surface of the composite plate (1) faces the high-energy beam heat source, then the composite plate is welded by the high-energy beam heat source, welding of the composite plate (1) in the composite plate is achieved, and the range of the fusion depth H1 is 1.0H 1-1.15H 1;
step three: welding of substrates (2) in composite panels
And (2) overturning the composite board welded with the composite board (1) in the step two, after the composite board is fixed, welding the part of the substrate (2) by adopting a high-energy beam heat source, ensuring that the range of the fusion depth H2 is not less than 0.9H2 and not more than H2 and not more than 1.0H2, and ensuring that the fusion depth H1+ H2+0.30mm and not less than H1+ H2 and not less than H1+ H2+0.01mm, and completing the high-energy beam welding of the double-metal-layer composite board.
2. The high energy beam welding method of a bimetal laminar composite plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-energy beam heat source comprises a plasma, laser and electron beam heat source.
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