CN112012744A - Comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method - Google Patents
Comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112012744A CN112012744A CN202010991552.9A CN202010991552A CN112012744A CN 112012744 A CN112012744 A CN 112012744A CN 202010991552 A CN202010991552 A CN 202010991552A CN 112012744 A CN112012744 A CN 112012744A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
- E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method, and relates to the technical field of non-coal mine mining. The method is used for solving the problems that the prior comprehensive mechanized ore breaking and layered caving mining method is easy to cause disasters such as subsidence, landslide, debris flow and the like on the earth surface and the problems of high ore breaking cost, small capacity, low mechanization degree and the like of the common access filling mining method. The method comprises the following steps: the development machine cuts off minerals from the tunnel face through a cutting head, and when the development machine is propelled to reach the boundary of the wing of the panel, ore falling and mining of a mining route are completed; and conveying the minerals out of the stoping access path through a heading machine and a telescopic belt, forming a filling barrier wall at an inlet of the stoping access path in a dead zone formed by the stoping access path, filling the stoping access path with filling slurry through a filling pipeline, and forming a filling body in the dead zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-coal mine mining, in particular to a comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method.
Background
The ore falling process of the layered cemented filling mining method is the same as that of tunneling blasting, the number of drill holes constructed in the tunneling blasting operation is large, the explosive consumption per ton of ore is high, the blasting has a large influence on the vibration of surrounding rocks, toxic and harmful gas generated after the blasting of the explosive influences the occupational health of underground operators, even toxic and suffocation safety production accidents can occur, forced ventilation is needed after the blasting to remove the toxic and harmful gas after the blasting, and the caving ore after the blasting needs to be transported out of a stope through rock loading transportation equipment on the premise that the air quality reaches the standard after the ventilation operation is completed, so that the layered cemented filling mining method has the problems of low production capacity, low mechanization degree, complex operation procedures, high ore falling cost and the like.
The comprehensive mechanized ore falling and layering cementing mining method changes blasting mining and blasting excavation processes of a common layering cementing filling mining method into a comprehensive mechanized ore falling process by using a comprehensive excavator, so that the mechanization degree of metal and nonmetal underground mines is greatly improved, the mining cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the explosive usage amount in the ore stoping process is reduced, the safety risk is reduced, the operation condition is improved, the mine operation environment is protected, and the comprehensive, continuous and mechanized operation of metal and nonmetal mines is promoted; because the goaf is not filled after the recovery of the comprehensive mechanized ore falling layered caving mining method, the stope ground pressure is controlled only by forming a covering layer by the naturally caving hanging wall rock and the lost ore, and secondary natural disasters such as ground surface collapse, landslide, debris flow and the like are inevitably generated along with the recovery.
In conclusion, the conventional comprehensive mechanized ore-breaking layered caving mining method has the problems that the ground surface is easy to collapse, slide, debris flow and other disasters, and the problems of high ore-breaking cost, small capacity, low mechanization degree and the like of the common access filling mining method.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method, which is used for solving the problems that the existing comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered caving mining method is easy to cause disasters such as surface collapse, landslide, debris flow and the like and the problems of high ore breaking cost, small capacity, low mechanization degree and the like of the common route filling mining method.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for cut-off layered filling mining, which comprises the following steps:
the comprehensive mechanized heading machine cuts off minerals from the tunnel face through a cutting head, and when the comprehensive mechanized heading machine is pushed to the boundary of the wing of the reach area, ore falling and stoping of a stoping route are completed;
and conveying the minerals out of the stoping route through a comprehensive mechanical tunneling machine and a telescopic belt following the comprehensive mechanical tunneling, wherein the stoping route forms a dead zone, a filling barrier wall is constructed at the inlet of the stoping route, and filling slurry is filled in the stoping route through a filling pipeline to form a filling body in the dead zone.
Preferably, the blocking wall is used for blocking filling slurry from flowing out of the stoping access;
the filling slurry is prepared by taking tailings and waste rocks as aggregates and adding a cementing material.
Preferably, the filling slurry is solidified to support a top plate of the empty area and surrounding rocks on two sides of the empty area; or
And the filling slurry is solidified to be used as a top plate, a bottom plate and a side wall of the empty area.
Preferably, the plate areas are distributed along the trend of the ore body, the length of the plate areas is 200 meters, and the width of the plate areas is the thickness of the ore body;
dividing the ore body into mining layers according to a mining sequence, wherein each mining layer is communicated with the adjacent mining layer through a slope of a panel;
and a plurality of stoping access paths are arranged in each stoping layer.
Preferably, before the entrance of the stoping access forms a filling barrier wall, the method further comprises the following steps:
the comprehensive mechanical tunneling machine exits from the stoping access provided with the filling barrier wall to the center of the panel area, and tunnels from the center of the panel area to the other stoping access; wherein, the comprehensive mechanized development machine adopts a 'mining 1-1' mode to carry out ore breaking and mining.
The embodiment of the invention provides a comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method, which comprises the following steps: the comprehensive mechanized heading machine cuts off minerals from the tunnel face through a cutting head, and when the heading machine is propelled to reach the boundary of the wing of the panel, ore falling and stoping of a stoping route are completed; and conveying the minerals out of the stoping access way through a comprehensive mechanical tunneling machine and a telescopic belt following the comprehensive mechanical tunneling, constructing a filling barrier wall at the inlet of the stoping access way, filling the stoping access way with filling slurry through a filling pipeline, and forming a filling body in the dead zone. The layered filling mining method changes blasting mining and blasting excavation processes of a common layered cemented filling mining method into a comprehensive mechanized ore breaking process by using a comprehensive mechanized heading machine, realizes comprehensive mechanized ore breaking, can realize mechanized and continuous operation, can reduce ore breaking cost and improve productivity; furthermore, the waste resources such as the tunneling waste residues and the tailings are utilized to prepare the cementing filling material slurry through the filling station on the basis of adding the cementing material, and the solidified filling material slurry is utilized to support the surrounding rock, so that the deformation of the surrounding rock is avoided, the surface subsidence is avoided, the tunneling waste residues and the tailings are comprehensively utilized, the waste is changed into valuable, and the problem of the surface subsidence of the comprehensive mechanized ore falling layered caving mining method is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for cut-and-fill mining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of ore body mining of a method of cut and cut and fill mining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view II-II shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view III-III of FIG. 2;
wherein, the upper middle section transportation lane-1, the lower middle section transportation lane-2, the panel ramp-3, the inclined sliding mine-4, the stoping route-5, the comprehensive mechanical development machine-6, the telescopic belt-7, the filling retaining wall-8, the filling body-9, the first stage stoping route-10 and the second stage stoping route-11.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of an integrated mechanized ore breaking cut and layer filling mining method provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the method at least can be used in the mining field.
As shown in fig. 1, the method mainly comprises the following steps:
101, cutting off minerals from a tunnel face by a comprehensive mechanized heading machine through a cutting head, and finishing ore falling and stoping of a stoping route when the comprehensive mechanized heading machine is pushed to reach the boundary of a wing of a panel;
and 102, conveying the minerals out of the stoping access way through a comprehensive mechanical tunneling machine and a telescopic belt following the comprehensive mechanical tunneling, forming a dead zone formed by the stoping access way, forming a filling barrier wall at the inlet of the stoping access way, filling the stoping access way with filling slurry through a filling pipeline, and forming a filling body in the dead zone.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of ore body mining of a method of cut and cut and fill mining according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view II-II shown in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view III-III of FIG. 2; before the comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method is introduced, an application scenario of the mining method is introduced according to fig. 2 to 4.
The comprehensive mechanized ore-breaking layered filling mining method divides an ore body into panels, for example, when a downward access or downward layered filling mining method is used, stoping is carried out in a top-down stoping sequence; when an upward drift or upward stratified filling mining method is used, stoping is performed in a bottom-up stoping sequence.
The panel is arranged along the ore body trend, under general condition, panel length 200 meters, and the width of panel is the thickness of ore body, and panel interrupt height is 50 meters, and the high 4 meters of layering, the width in layering stoping tunnel are unanimous with ore body thickness, and under general condition, the width in layering stoping tunnel is 4 meters, does not leave the fore-set between two upper and lower layers and between two upper and lower middle sections, does not leave the pillar between two adjacent ore blocks.
And a slope 3 of an outer ore body footwall area and an inclined ore pass 4 are tunneled from a lower middle section transportation roadway 2 to an upper middle section transportation roadway 1 at a distance of 10-15 meters from the center of the ore body footwall area, from the first layer, a stoping layer is divided every 4 meters from top to bottom (or from bottom to top), and the stoping layer is communicated with the stoping layer and the stoping layer is communicated with the middle section by the slope 3 of the ore body footwall area. Wherein, the slope of the slope ramp 3 of the panel area is about 15%, in order to reduce the accurate work load of mining, the inclination angle of the inclined ore shaft 4 is the same as that of the ore body, and the inclined ore shaft 4 is communicated with the mining layering by adopting an ore shaft connecting channel. The slope way 3 of the panel is used for ventilation, pedestrian and material transportation, equipment passing and the like, and the slope chute 4 and the chute connecting way are used for ore transportation. The stoping access 5 is arranged in the ore body and is dug into the two wing boundaries of the panel area from the center of the panel area, the layered stoping access 5 is constructed by adopting a comprehensive mechanical tunneling machine 6, and the section size of the stoping access is 4 meters multiplied by 4 meters.
In the embodiment of the invention, the main devices of the panel area comprise an EBZ120 type comprehensive mechanized heading machine 61, an ore conveying belt 1 and a dust removing fan 1.
In step 101, minerals are cut off from the tunnel face by an EBZ120 type integrated mechanized heading machine 6 along the direction of the ore body by a cutting head to complete ore-breaking operation, and when the heading machine 6 is pushed to the boundary of the wing of the panel area, the ore-breaking recovery operation of the recovery route is completed.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the ore body is divided into mining layers according to a mining sequence, each mining layer is communicated with the adjacent mining layer through a slope 3 of the panel, as shown in fig. 4, and a plurality of mining access paths are arranged in each mining layer.
In step 102, ore is removed and simultaneously the minerals are conveyed out of the stoping access 5 through the integrated mechanical heading machine 6 and the retractable belt 7 following the integrated mechanical heading machine 6, and after the mineral in the stoping access 5 is stoped, the stoping access 5 forms a stoping access exposure space. Further, the integrated mechanized heading machine 6 is backed out of the stoping access 5, and in the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the formed stoping access exposed space 5 is subjected to a filling process. Thereby avoiding secondary natural disasters such as surface subsidence, landslide, debris flow and the like.
Specifically, a filling barrier wall 8 is formed at the entrance of the stoping intake passage 5, and the flow of the filling slurry out of the stoping intake passage 5 can be prevented by the filling barrier wall 8. Furthermore, a filling pipeline is laid in the stoping access 5, filling slurry which takes tailings and waste rocks as aggregates and is added with a cementing material into the stoping access 5 through the filling pipeline, and a filling body 9 is formed in the stoping access 5 which forms a dead zone. In the embodiment of the invention, the filling body 9 formed by solidifying the filling slurry can support the top plate of the empty area and the surrounding rocks on two sides of the empty area, and can also be used as the top plate, the bottom plate and the side wall of the empty area.
Further, when the integrated mechanized heading machine 6 backs out of the recovery access 5, that is, after the integrated mechanized heading machine 6 backs to the center of the panel area, one recovery access 5 tunneling another wing may be opened until reaching a wing boundary of the panel area. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the integrated mechanized heading machine 6 performs stope tunneling, that is, mining, in a manner of "mining 1 at 1". As shown in fig. 3, the filling barrier wall 8 in the figure has a plurality of stoping routes 5 on both sides, and the integrated mechanized heading machine 6 adopts an interval method to perform ore dropping on a plurality of stoping routes 5, for example, if the existing integrated mechanized heading machine 6 performs ore dropping in the first-stage mining route 10 in a layering manner, if the ore dropping is performed in a bottom-up manner, when the ore dropping is performed in the first stoping route, the integrated heading machine will move to the second stoping route at the opposite angle of the first stoping route to perform ore dropping, when the ore dropping is performed in the second stoping route, the integrated heading machine will move to the third stoping route above the first stoping route to perform ore dropping, and an interval is formed between the third stoping route and the first stoping route. Accordingly, when the ore-breaking work of the first-stage stope is completed, the ore-breaking work of the stratified second-stage stope 11 can be performed.
Further, the comprehensive mechanized heading machine 6 is not only ore-dropping equipment but also ore-loading transportation equipment, when the cutting head of the comprehensive mechanized heading machine 6 loads the cut minerals onto the telescopic belt 7 next to the comprehensive mechanized heading machine 6 through the loading and transportation functions of the comprehensive mechanized heading machine 6, and the minerals are transported to a stope through the telescopic belt 7 through a layered stoping roadway and a drop shaft connecting channel to finish ore removal work.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the ore dropping operation of the stoping access is completed, if there is a local fracture in the stoping access 5, it is necessary to support by using a support method of anchor rod support, anchor rod suspended net support or anchor rod suspended net guniting according to the local fracture position and the fracture degree of the ore body, specifically, the net section of the supported section is 4 meters × 4 meters, the inter-anchor rod distance and the inter-row distance are generally 0.8 meters, (the local position may adjust the inter-anchor rod row distance according to the surrounding rock fracture degree).
In practical application, the ventilation mode in the stoping access is single-head ventilation, in order to ensure the ventilation effect, an 11kw axial-flow mining ventilator is arranged on a side frame of fresh air flow in a slope below the layered stoping access and is attached with a flame-retardant air cylinder, the fresh air flow is pressed into a stoping working face, and after the working face is washed, dirty air passes through the layered stoping access and a panel return air shaft and passes through an upper middle section return air gallery and is discharged out of the ground surface through a main fan. The specific wind flow line is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of a lower middle section transportation gallery, a slope way, an 11kw mining axial-flow fan, an air duct, a layered stoping approach, a slope way, an upper middle section transportation gallery and the ground surface.
In summary, an embodiment of the present invention provides a comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method, including: the development machine cuts off minerals from the tunnel face through a cutting head, and when the development machine is propelled to reach the boundary of the wing of the panel, ore falling and mining of a mining route are completed; and conveying the minerals out of the stoping access path through a heading machine and a telescopic belt, forming a filling barrier wall at an inlet of the stoping access path in a dead zone formed by the stoping access path, filling the stoping access path with filling slurry through a filling pipeline, and forming a filling body in the dead zone. The layered filling mining method changes blasting mining and blasting excavation processes of a conventional layered cemented filling mining method into a mechanical ore breaking process by using a heading machine, realizes mechanical excavation and ore breaking, can realize mechanical and continuous operation, can reduce ore breaking cost and improve productivity; furthermore, the waste resources such as the tunneling waste residues and the tailings are utilized to prepare the cementing filling material slurry through the filling station on the basis of adding the cementing material, and the solidified filling material slurry is utilized to support the surrounding rock, so that the deformation of the surrounding rock is avoided, the surface subsidence is avoided, the tunneling waste residues and the tailings are comprehensively utilized, the waste is changed into valuable, and the problem of the surface subsidence of the comprehensive mechanized ore falling layered caving mining method is solved.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. A comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the comprehensive mechanized heading machine cuts off minerals from the tunnel face through a cutting head, and when the comprehensive mechanized heading machine is pushed to the boundary of the wing of the reach area, ore falling and stoping of a stoping route are completed;
and conveying the minerals out of the stoping access way through a comprehensive mechanical tunneling machine and a telescopic belt closely following the comprehensive mechanical tunneling machine, forming a filling barrier wall at the inlet of the stoping access way in a dead zone formed by the stoping access way, filling the stoping access way with filling slurry through a filling pipeline, and forming a filling body in the dead zone.
2. A mining method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the barrier wall is for blocking flow of charge slurry out of the stope;
the filling slurry is prepared by taking tailings and waste rocks as aggregates and adding a cementing material.
3. A mining method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fill slurry after setting is used to support a roof of the void and surrounding rocks on either side of the void; or
And the filling slurry is solidified to be used as a top plate, a bottom plate and a side wall of the empty area.
4. A mining method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the panels are distributed along the run of the ore body and have a length of between 200 metres and a width of the panel corresponding to the thickness of the ore body;
dividing the ore body into mining layers according to a mining sequence, wherein each mining layer is communicated with the adjacent mining layer through a slope of a panel;
and a plurality of stoping access paths are arranged in each stoping layer.
5. The mining method of claim 4, wherein before forming the pack-stop wall at the entrance of the stoping access, further comprising:
the comprehensive mechanical tunneling machine exits from the stoping access provided with the filling barrier wall to the center of the panel area, and tunnels from the center of the panel area to the other stoping access; wherein, the comprehensive mechanized development machine adopts a 'mining 1-1' mode to carry out ore breaking and mining.
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| CN115788429A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-03-14 | 中南大学 | Mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein |
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