CN112360463A - Mechanical mining method for thick and large ore body development machine - Google Patents
Mechanical mining method for thick and large ore body development machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112360463A CN112360463A CN202110039753.3A CN202110039753A CN112360463A CN 112360463 A CN112360463 A CN 112360463A CN 202110039753 A CN202110039753 A CN 202110039753A CN 112360463 A CN112360463 A CN 112360463A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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Abstract
The invention provides a mechanical mining method of a thick and large ore body heading machine, which relates to the technical field of non-coal mining, and comprises the following steps: A. dividing the ore body into a plurality of layers in stages or sections in the vertical direction, wherein the layer height is a single stoping height; dividing each layered ore body into ore block units on a plane; B. arranging a mine removal roadway in each ore block unit, and arranging a stoping access along the mine removal roadway; C. stoping access ways in adjacent layered ore block units are crossed in an X shape; D. adopting a mechanical ore breaking and stoping of a heading machine in the stoping route; E. when the development machine recovers, the ventilation and dust removal are realized by adopting a press-in and draw-out combined ventilation mode; F. and filling in time after the recovery of each recovery route is finished. In the vertical space, the stoping access ways in the ore block units can form a three-dimensional net structure, so that a space structure favorable for the stability of the filling body is formed, and the collapse probability of the ore body in the mining process is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a mechanical mining method of a thick and large ore body heading machine.
Background
Continuous mining of coal is achieved through mechanical rock breaking, and people have begun to think and propose equipment for continuously cutting ore rocks instead of blasting-based non-coal mine mining technical ideas.
In the mining of thick and large ore bodies inclined to a steep incline, when the ore bodies are weak, broken and unstable, the problems of poor safe operation condition, high supporting operation difficulty, low mechanization degree, limited production capacity, high operation cost and the like exist in the drilling and blasting mining. With the change of industry and social environment, the non-coal mine has strong internal requirements on mechanical operation, mechanical rock breaking is an important development trend in future mining operation, and the mechanical rock breaking plays an important role in safe, efficient and people-reduced intensive mining of mines.
The ore body of a certain large lead-zinc mine is a soft broken rock body, and the ore body has the condition that a cantilever type tunneling machine is used for mechanical rock breaking. In the prior art, a plurality of same layers are vertically arranged on an ore body, and each layer is mined and filled, but the supporting function between two adjacent layers is poor, so that the ore body is easy to collapse.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mechanical mining method of a thick and large ore body heading machine, which realizes mechanical continuous mining of thick, large, soft and broken ore bodies.
The embodiment of the invention provides a mechanical mining method of a thick and large ore body heading machine, which comprises the following steps:
A. dividing the ore body into a plurality of layers in stages or sections in the vertical direction, wherein the layer height is a single stoping height; dividing each layered ore body into ore block units on a plane;
b, arranging a mine removal roadway in each ore block unit, and arranging a stoping access along the mine removal roadway;
c, mining access ways in adjacent layered ore block units are crossed in an X shape;
d, mechanically breaking down the mine and stoping by adopting a heading machine in the stoping route;
E. when the development machine recovers, the ventilation and dust removal are realized by adopting a press-in and draw-out combined ventilation mode;
F. and filling in time after the recovery of each recovery route is finished.
Further, in the step A: the stage height is 30-120 m; the height of each section in the stage is 9-30 m, and each section is divided into 2-8 layers;
the layering height is the single stoping height of the development machine and is 3-8 m;
all the layers are connected through a sectional roadway and a layered connecting road.
Further, in the step A: when the thickness of the ore body is less than 40m, the ore blocks are arranged along the trend, the length of the ore blocks is 40-150 m, and the width of the ore blocks is the thickness of the ore body;
when the thickness of the ore body is more than 40m and less than 150m, the ore blocks are arranged in a vertical direction, the length of each ore block is the thickness of the ore body, and the width of each ore block is 30-100 m;
when the thickness of the ore body is larger than 150m, the ore body is divided into panels, and ore blocks are arranged in the panels.
Further, in the step B: when the ore removal roadway is arranged in the middle of the ore block, the stoping access is arranged on two sides of the ore removal roadway in a fishbone shape, and the rotation angle between the two is 20-70 degrees;
when the ore removal roadway is arranged on one side in the ore block, the stoping access is arranged on one side of the ore removal roadway in a semi-fishbone shape, and the angle of rotation between the stoping access and the ore removal roadway is 20-70 degrees;
the layered stoping access roads are all crossed with the trend of the ore body.
Furthermore, a mechanical ore-dropping and mining method of a heading machine is adopted in a mining access in the mining method D, and two hinged ore clamps are arranged at the tail of the heading machine to alternately bear the ores mined by the cantilever type heading machine so as to realize continuous ore removal.
The embodiment of the invention provides a mechanical mining method of a thick and large ore body heading machine, which comprises the following steps: the ore body is divided into a plurality of layers in stages or sections in the vertical direction, and the layer height is a single stoping height. And dividing each layered ore body into ore block units on a plane. And arranging a mine removal roadway in each ore block unit, and arranging a stoping access along the mine removal roadway. The stoping access ways in the adjacent layered ore block units are crossed in an X shape. And mechanically breaking ore and stoping by adopting a heading machine in the stoping route. The mining preparation and recovery projects in the mine are both formed by a cantilever type heading machine in a non-blasting mechanical rock breaking mode. In two adjacent ore block units, two stoping access ways at the same horizontal position are in an X-shaped cross structure and are not aligned up and down, namely, the two stoping access ways are in an X shape in vertical projection. For example, after the stoping of the stoping access of the upper ore block unit is finished and filled, because the stoping accesses in the upper and lower ore block units are not aligned up and down, but have a certain included angle, the filling body of the lower ore block unit can support the filling body of the upper layer. In conclusion, in the vertical space, the stoping access ways in the ore block units can form a three-dimensional net structure, so that a space structure favorable for the stability of the filling body is formed, and the collapse probability of the ore body in the mining process is reduced. When the heading machine recovers, the forced and extracted combined ventilation mode is adopted to realize ventilation and dust removal, and because blasting is not adopted, the forced ventilation is not used for discharging blast fume, but the auxiliary extracted ventilation and dust removal can be realized while the requirement of personnel on breathing is met. And after the recovery of each recovery route is finished, timely filling is carried out, so that the subsequent mining is guaranteed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view along the trend of an ore body in the mechanical mining method of a thick and large ore body heading machine provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the direction of the ore body in the mechanical mining method of the canting-to-steeply-inclined thick and large ore body cantilever excavator provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the adjacent layers in the direction A-A of FIG. 1.
Icon: 1-ramp way; 2-subsection connection; 3-subsection roadway entry; 4-layered connection; 5-connecting a draw shaft; 6-pass shaft; 7-a corner ore stoping route; 8-ore removal roadway; 9-a stoping route; 10-filling a well or filling a borehole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the method for mechanical mining of the heavy-ore body heading machine provided by the embodiment of the invention is suitable for mining of inclined-steeply inclined ore bodies with the thickness of 30m or more, and provides a new idea for mechanical mining.
The embodiment of the invention provides a mechanical mining method of a thick and large ore body heading machine, which comprises the following steps: the ore body is divided into a plurality of layers in stages or sections in the vertical direction, and the layer height is a single stoping height. And dividing each layered ore body into ore block units on a plane. An ore removal roadway 8 is arranged in each ore block unit, and a stoping access 9 is arranged along the ore removal roadway 8. The adjacent layered ore block units and the ore removal roadway 8 can be arranged in a staggered manner; the stoping access 9 in the adjacent layered ore block units is crossed in an X shape. And a mechanical ore breaking and stoping of a heading machine are adopted in the stoping route 9. The mining preparation and recovery projects in the mine are both formed by a cantilever type heading machine in a non-blasting mechanical rock breaking mode. Because two stoping access ways 9 positioned at the same horizontal position in two ore block units adjacent up and down are in an X-shaped cross structure and are not aligned up and down, namely, the two stoping access ways are in an X shape in vertical projection. For example, after the stoping access 9 of the upper lump unit is finished and filled, because the stoping accesses 9 in the upper and lower lump units are not aligned up and down, but have a certain included angle, the filling body of the lower lump unit can support the filling body of the upper layer. In conclusion, in the vertical space, the stoping access 9 in the plurality of ore block units can form a three-dimensional net structure, so that a space structure favorable for the stability of the filling body is formed, and the collapse probability of the ore body in the mining process is reduced.
In the step A: the stage height is 30-120 m; the height of each section in the stage is 9-30 m, and each section is divided into 2-8 layers; the layering height is the single stoping height of the development machine and is 3-8 m; the layers are connected through a subsection roadway 3 and a layering connecting channel.
In the scheme, the stage height is 30-120 m; the height of each section in the stage is 9-30 m, and each section is divided into 2-8 layers; the layering height is determined by the stability of ore rocks and the maximum and minimum operation heights of the heading machine, is the single stoping height of the heading machine, is generally 3-8 m, is reasonable in height setting, and is high in mining efficiency. All the layers are connected through a section roadway 3 and a layer connecting road, so that convenience is provided for mining and transportation.
In the step A: when the thickness of the ore body is less than 40m, the ore blocks are arranged along the trend, the length of the ore blocks is 40-150 m, and the width of the ore blocks is the thickness of the ore body; when the thickness of the ore body is more than 40m and less than 150m, the ore blocks are arranged in a vertical direction, the length of each ore block is the thickness of the ore body, and the width of each ore block is 30-100 m; when the thickness of the ore body is larger than 150m, the ore body is divided into panels, and ore blocks are arranged in the panels. According to the thickness difference of ore body, the arrangement direction of ore block also is different, can reduce the length of ore block as far as possible, improves the efficiency of exploitation, avoids because there is the potential safety hazard in the ore block that the ore block overlength leads to.
According to the length of an ore body, the ore body is divided into a plurality of panels along the direction of the trend, each layered ore block unit in each panel is provided with an independent layered channel 4, and each layered channel 4 is communicated with an ore removal roadway 8 and a subsection roadway 3. Therefore, the cantilever type heading machine and workers can enter different layered ore block units through the independent layered connecting channel 4, and simultaneous mining and connection of upper and lower layers among the ore block units are facilitated. Specifically, from outside to inside, a subsection road 2 is constructed from a slope 1, the subsection road 2 is connected with a subsection roadway 3, and a layering road 4 with the gradient of-16 to +16 degrees is constructed from the extravenal subsection roadway 3 to connect an ore body and realize layer turning. The layered connecting channel 4 is connected with a stope ore removal roadway 8, and the layered connecting channel 4 of the adjacent layers and the ore removal roadway 8 are independently arranged.
In the step B: when the ore removal tunnel 8 is arranged in the middle of an ore block, the stoping access 9 is arranged at two sides of the ore removal tunnel 8 in a fishbone shape, and the angle of rotation between the two is 20-70 degrees; when the ore removal tunnel 8 is arranged on one side in the ore block, the stoping access 9 is arranged on one side of the ore removal tunnel 8 in a half fishbone shape, and the angle of rotation between the two is 20-70 degrees; the layered stoping access 9 is crossed with the trend of the ore body.
When the ore removal tunnel 8 is arranged in the middle of an ore block, enough space is reserved on two sides of the ore removal tunnel 8, the stoping access 9 is arranged on two sides of the ore removal tunnel 8 in a fishbone shape, and the angle of rotation between the two is 20-70 degrees; when the space is insufficient, the ore removal roadway 8 is arranged on one side in the ore block, the stoping access 9 is arranged on one side of the ore removal roadway 8 in a semi-fishbone shape, the corner between the two is 20-70 degrees, and the corner with a small angle is convenient for the tunneling machine to pass smoothly. The upper and lower two adjacent layered stoping access 9 are crossed with the trend of the ore body; in two adjacent layered ore block units, two stoping access 9 corresponding to the same position in the horizontal direction are in an X-shaped cross structure; the mining preparation and recovery projects in the mine are both formed by a cantilever type heading machine in a non-blasting mechanical rock breaking mode. Because two stoping access ways 9 positioned at the same horizontal position in two ore block units adjacent up and down are in an X-shaped cross structure and are not aligned up and down, namely, the two stoping access ways are in an X shape in vertical projection. For example, after the stoping access 9 of the ore block unit located above is stoped and filled, because the upper and lower adjacent layered stoping accesses 9 are not aligned up and down, but have a certain included angle, the filling body located in the ore block unit located below can support the filling body located above. In conclusion, in the vertical space, the multiple layered ore block unit stoping access 9 can form a three-dimensional net structure, so that a space structure favorable for the stability of a filling body is formed, and the safety in the ore body mining process is improved.
The whole of the middle section and the middle section preferably adopts the mining sequence from top to bottom, the stoping access 9 in each layered ore block unit can adopt the sequential stoping of one mining at intervals, and the goaf is filled by tailing after the access is stoped. In the downward stoping mode, stoping under a filling body is carried out in the process of mining each layer of access, so that the safety of the stoping process and the stability of the stoping access 9 are ensured.
Further, the ore removal tunnels 8 of the upper and lower adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner in the horizontal direction. As shown in fig. 3, the vertically staggered ore removal tunnels 8 improve the structural stability in the vertical direction and reduce the collapse probability.
The ore removal tunnel 8 is arranged along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, the number of the stoping access ways 9 is multiple, and the stoping access way 9 closest to the outside of the vein is provided with an inner edge angle ore stoping access way 7 arranged along the direction of the ore body.
This scheme adopts outside-in's mode to set up out mine tunnel 8 to set up stoping route 9 along the direction of slope in the side in ore mine tunnel 8, a plurality of stoping route 9 can cover the ore body in the width direction of ore body. In order to improve the mining amount, an inner corner ore stoping route 7 can be arranged on the side wall of the stoping route 9 closest to the outside of the vein, and the area which is not covered by the stoping route 9 is subjected to supplementary mining.
The mining roadway 8 is arranged from inside to outside, the stoping access 9 is arranged on the side wall of the mining roadway 8, and stoping of the stoping access 9 is realized, so that the mining efficiency is improved.
The inner edge ore stoping route 7 is communicated with the stoping route 9, and the corners of the inner edge ore stoping route 7 and the stoping route 9 are acute angles, so that vehicles can conveniently turn from the stoping route 9 to enter the inner edge ore stoping route 7.
The stoping access 9 and the trend direction of the ore body form an included angle.
The stoping access 9 in each layer is arranged at an included angle with the direction of the ore body, so that the cantilever type heading machine can cut and expand from the ore removal roadway 8 to form the stoping access 9.
A cantilever type development machine is used for opening a mine removal roadway 8 and a stoping access 9 in a non-blasting mechanical rock breaking mode.
In the mining of thick and large ore bodies inclined to a steep incline, when the ore bodies and surrounding rocks are weak, broken and unstable, the problems of poor safe operation conditions, high supporting operation difficulty, low mechanization degree, limited production capacity, high operation cost and the like exist in the drilling and blasting construction method. The mechanical ore breaking mode of the cantilever type heading machine can effectively solve the problems, the size of the section of the access road can be enlarged, and the production capacity of a stope and the economic benefit of a mine are improved while the early-stage development and accurate mining quantity is reduced. Compared with rock breaking by a drilling and blasting method, rock breaking of the cantilever type tunneling machine is small in disturbance on rock bodies, the roadway section is regular, the size of the section of an access road for mechanical rock breaking is large, and the size range of the section of the access road can reach 3-6 m in width and 3-6 m in height.
The mechanical mining method of the thick ore body heading machine comprises the following steps: and ventilating the channel in the ore body by adopting a press-in and draw-out combined ventilation mode. The dust is filtered and extracted from the operation surface by using the extraction type ventilation, and because blasting is not adopted, the press type ventilation is not used for discharging blast smoke, but the auxiliary extraction type ventilation and dust removal can meet the requirement of personnel breathing.
The mechanical mining method of the thick ore body heading machine comprises the following steps: two hinged ore clamps are arranged at the tail of the cantilever type excavator and are used for alternately bearing the ore mined by the cantilever type excavator so as to realize continuous ore removal.
An ore removal mode that an underground articulated mine car is directly matched with a cantilever type tunneling machine is adopted; when the complete section is tunneled for 0.3-1 m, the ore cut and peeled off by the machine is directly conveyed to the articulated ore clamp at the tail part of the cantilever type tunneling machine through a rotary star wheel and a scraper conveyor of the cantilever type tunneling machine. Two hinged mine clamps are arranged at the tail part of the cantilever type excavator to alternately connect mines, so that continuous ore removal is realized.
The mechanical mining method of the thick and large ore body cantilever type tunneling machine from the inclined state to the steep state comprises the following steps: and immediately closing and filling after the recovery of each recovery route 9 is finished.
Each extraction route 9 works independently, closed filling is carried out immediately after extraction is finished, a tailing cemented filling process is adopted, and flexible dewatering pipes are adopted for fast and efficient dewatering.
And a filling well or a filling drilling hole 10 is arranged in the ore body along the vertical direction and is used for inputting filling slurry into the ore body.
The layered connecting passage 4 is connected with a drop shaft connecting passage 5, and a drop shaft 6 is arranged in the drop shaft connecting passage 5.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A mechanical mining method of a thick ore body heading machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. dividing the ore body into a plurality of layers in stages or sections in the vertical direction, wherein the layer height is a single stoping height; dividing each layered ore body into ore block units on a plane;
b, arranging a mine removal roadway (8) in each ore block unit, and arranging a stoping access (9) along the mine removal roadway (8);
c, stoping access ways (9) in adjacent layered ore block units are crossed in an X shape;
d, mechanically breaking down the mine and stoping by adopting a heading machine in the stoping route (9);
E. when the development machine recovers, the ventilation and dust removal are realized by adopting a press-in and draw-out combined ventilation mode;
F. and each stoping access (9) is filled in time after the stoping is finished.
2. The mechanical mining method of a heavy ore body heading machine according to claim 1, wherein in step a: the stage height is 30-120 m; the height of each section in the stage is 9-30 m, and each section is divided into 2-8 layers;
the layering height is the single stoping height of the development machine and is 3-8 m;
the layers are connected through a sectional roadway (3) and a layered connecting road.
3. The mechanical mining method of a heavy ore body heading machine according to claim 1, wherein in step a: when the thickness of the ore body is less than 40m, the ore blocks are arranged along the trend, the length of the ore blocks is 40-150 m, and the width of the ore blocks is the thickness of the ore body;
when the thickness of the ore body is more than 40m and less than 150m, the ore blocks are arranged in a vertical direction, the length of each ore block is the thickness of the ore body, and the width of each ore block is 30-100 m;
when the thickness of the ore body is larger than 150m, the ore body is divided into panels, and ore blocks are arranged in the panels.
4. The mechanical mining method of a heavy ore body heading machine according to claim 1, wherein in step B: when the ore removal roadway (8) is arranged in the middle of the ore block, the stoping access (9) is arranged on two sides of the ore removal roadway (8) in a fishbone shape, and the angle of rotation between the two is 20-70 degrees;
when the ore removal roadway (8) is arranged on one side in the ore block, the stoping access (9) is arranged on one side of the ore removal roadway (8) in a half fishbone shape, and the corner between the two is 20-70 degrees;
the layered stoping access (9) is crossed with the trend of the ore body.
5. The mechanical mining method of the thick ore body heading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical ore-dropping mining of the heading machine is adopted in the mining access (9) in the mining method D, and two hinged ore clamps are arranged at the tail part of the heading machine to alternately receive the ore mined by the cantilever type heading machine so as to realize continuous ore removal.
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