CN115788429A - Mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein - Google Patents
Mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein Download PDFInfo
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- CN115788429A CN115788429A CN202211391718.9A CN202211391718A CN115788429A CN 115788429 A CN115788429 A CN 115788429A CN 202211391718 A CN202211391718 A CN 202211391718A CN 115788429 A CN115788429 A CN 115788429A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein. The zigzag ramp and the ramp communication path are arranged on the ore body footwall and serve as a channel of trackless equipment and a ventilation network to serve a plurality of stopes simultaneously. Continuous extraction is carried out from bottom to top along the direction of the stope, and a low small-sized drill jumbo suitable for narrow space operation is adopted for drilling, so that the stope has the function of flat field operation. One layer of ore body is caved in the stope at one time, and the rock drilling trolley is used for the next stope operation before blasting. The mining of the former stope precedes the mining of the latter stope. Part of ores are discharged during each ore falling, and other ores are reserved as an upper mining operation platform. And after the single stope finishes the mining, centralized ore removal is carried out, and the goaf is filled in time. The invention can overcome the defects of poor safety, low mechanization level, high labor intensity of workers, low production efficiency and the like of a shallow hole shrinkage method, and realizes the cooperation and continuous shrinkage and recovery of mechanical equipment and a mining process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining methods for steeply inclined thin and fine ore veins of underground mines, and particularly relates to a mechanized and continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply inclined thin and fine ore veins.
Background
The mining of the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein has a long history, and various reasonable and effective methods are provided for solving the problems existing in the mining process of the ore vein, and good effects are obtained. The mining methods of the ore bodies are mostly a full mining method of shallow hole ore falling (refer to CN114934775A and CN 101368482), a shallow hole shrinkage method (refer to CN101634227, CN103089267A and CN 104196536A), a wall cutting filling method (refer to CN108678745A, CN105649626A and CN 107489421A), an upward or downward layered filling method (CN 113685226A, CN114251096A and CN 110939445A) and the like. Medium-length hole ore breaking methods such as a sublevel open stoping method, a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method and a tank-climbing raise medium-length hole mining method are also applied according to the thickness of an ore body.
At present, the shallow hole ore-breaking mining method is still the main method of the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein, wherein the proportion of two mining methods, namely a shallow hole shrinkage method and a wall cutting filling method is up to 70%. The method is limited by the technical conditions of underground mining, and the shallow hole shrinkage mining has the problems of low rock drilling efficiency, low underground stoping mechanization level, high labor intensity of workers, poor safety, low productivity, high loss and dilution and the like. The problems of high labor intensity of workers, higher mining cost, complex working procedures, more operation circulation, high ore loss rate and the like exist in the mining of the cut wall filling method.
With the progress of mining mechanical equipment and the improvement of the technical level of workers, the mining method has the trend of developing a medium-length hole mining method, the underground rock drilling efficiency is improved by using mechanical rock drilling equipment, the underground production scale is increased, but new problems are brought by limited operation space, the mechanical equipment is not cooperated with the mining process, the mining dilution rate is obviously increased, and the production cost is improved. Particularly, in the mining process of the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein, the mining process and the mining process are complex and discontinuous, a large amount of super mining waste rocks are mixed in the medium-length hole blasting, and the ore dilution rate is difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art. The invention relates to a mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply inclined thin and fine ore veins, which has the advantages of higher mechanization level, high mining efficiency and cooperative operation of mining equipment and mining process.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of mechanized, collaborative continuous shrinkage mining of steeply dipping thin and fine veins, the method comprising:
dividing stope structure parameters: according to the occurrence conditions of ore bodies, dividing the ore bodies to be mined into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and retaining a top pillar between adjacent stages; dividing the ore body in the same stage into continuous stopes along the direction of the ore body, adopting a sill pillar-free structure to remove ore, and continuously stoping along the direction of the ore body;
and (3) mining and cutting engineering: tunneling a drift-through roadway to an ore body by a stage-footage transportation roadway to uncover the ore body, constructing a bottom-drawing roadway along the drift according to the position and the trend of the ore body, and arranging the stage-transportation roadway on the footage of the ore body along with the condition of the ore body uncovered by the bottom-drawing roadway; constructing ore removal vein penetration to the ore body by a stage transportation gallery at intervals, wherein the ore removal vein penetration is communicated with a pull-down gallery; and constructing intra-vein ventilation raise shafts upwards from two ends of the stope from the bottom-drawing gallery. The lower plate is provided with zigzag extravenal ramp ways crossing a plurality of stopes along the trend, and the ramp way connecting ways are tunneled to ore bodies at intervals by the ramp ways to serve as a trackless mining equipment walking channel;
blasting, stoping and ventilating: stoping from bottom to top in a stope, leading a front stope to a rear stope along the direction of the trend, breaking down ores to holes in parallel and layering the ores for one time according to the drilling footage; during blasting operation, after the previous stope finishes drilling, the drilling jumbo enters the next stope for drilling, and multiple stopes perform reciprocating operation circularly until stope recovery is finished; fresh air flows through a slope way and a slope way connecting way to enter a stope, after a working face is washed, dirty air is discharged through a ventilation raise and a transportation gallery at the upper stage, and an air curtain or operation time management is arranged between adjacent stopes so as to ensure the air cleaning and operation safety of the stope;
ore removal and filling: ore removal is carried out at the bottom of the stope through ore removal and vein passing, part of ore is discharged each time, and the rest ore is reserved as a next mechanical rock drilling operation platform; and (4) carrying out large-scale ore removal after the ores in the stope are all collapsed, and backfilling the goaf by the tunneling waste rocks of the exploitation stope of the next ramp and the ramp connecting road.
Further, in the stope structure parameter division, ore removal is carried out by adopting a sill pillar-free structure, continuous stoping is carried out along the trend of an ore body, and stopes are simultaneously carried out by a plurality of stopes.
Furthermore, in the mining and cutting project, the slope ramp connecting channels are distributed in a multi-point equidistant mode or in a single-point multi-angle mode.
Further, the single-point multi-angle layout comprises:
in the vertical direction, slope road connecting roads are arranged at intervals of a preset distance, and the single slope road connecting road serves a plurality of mining heights in a layered filling mode by referring to an upward horizontal layered filling method.
Further, the mechanized rock drilling operation is realized by using a multifunctional low small-sized drill jumbo.
Further, the filling operation adopts the processes of digging waste stone filling, tailing cemented filling, waste stone cemented filling, paste filling or mixed filling of the next ramp and the ramp connecting road development stope.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The mechanization level is high, and the synergy is high. The low and small-sized rock drilling jumbo suitable for operation in narrow space is adopted for drilling, the flat-field drilling jumbo has the advantages of flat field function, higher rock drilling speed, larger drilling depth and high mechanization degree, and the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced. The continuous shrinkage stope stoping operation of a plurality of stopes is realized, and the mechanical equipment is highly cooperated with the mining process.
(2) The safety is high. The invention adopts mechanized rock drilling, so that workers can be liberated from the dangerous environment of the direct exposure and stope working face. The stope is of a sill pillar-free structure, and the scraper or the remote control scraper is adopted for ore removal, so that the number of workers is reduced, and the safety of mining operation is improved powerfully.
(3) The production efficiency is high. The single ore breaking of the stope breaks through the limitation of several rows of blast holes, the length of the whole stope is extended, the ore breaking height is large, no stud is left, a plurality of adjacent stopes can carry out continuous stoping simultaneously, and the production scale of the stope is greatly improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a prior art mechanized, cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply dipping thin and fine ore vein;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a rock mass of a method for mechanized and continuous shrinkage mining of steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in fig. 2.
In the figure, 1- -the filling body; 2- -upper stage haulage driftway; 3- -top pillar; 4-ventilating raise; 5- -blast hole; 6- -ramp; 7-ramp communication road; 8- -caving ore; 9- -drawing ore and drawing vein; 10- -intra-vein draw-bottom gallery; 11- -stage haulage driftway.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and the detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but is not intended to limit the invention. The order in which the various steps described herein are described as examples should not be construed as a limitation if there is no requirement for a context relationship between each other, and one skilled in the art would know that sequential adjustments may be made without destroying the logical relationship between each other, rendering the overall process impractical.
The embodiment of the invention provides a mechanized and collaborative continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein, which is based on a certain steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein, and has the problems of low mechanization level, high labor intensity of workers, poor safety, low productivity, high loss and depletion and the like in mining by adopting a shallow hole shrinkage method and a wall cutting filling method. Referring to fig. 1-4, the method includes:
step S100: and dividing stope structure parameters. In the vertical direction, the height of each stage is 50m, and a 3-5 m top column 3 is reserved between every two adjacent stages; and (2) dividing the ore body at the same stage into continuous stopes along the trend of the ore body, wherein the length of each stope is 50m, no stud is left, ore is removed by adopting a structure without a bottom stud, continuous stoping is carried out along the trend of the ore body, and 2 stopes carry out stoping simultaneously.
Step S200: and (5) mining and cutting engineering. And (3) tunneling a drift-through roadway to the ore body from the stage-mining transportation roadway 11, revealing the ore body, constructing a bottom-drawing roadway 10 along the drift according to the position and the trend of the ore body, and arranging the stage-mining transportation roadway on the mining bottom of the ore body along with the condition of the ore body revealed by the intra-drift bottom-drawing roadway 10. And constructing ore removal drift 9 to the ore body by a stage transportation drift 11 every 15m, and communicating with an intra-drift bottom-pulling drift 10. And (5) constructing intra-vein ventilation raise shafts upwards at two ends of a stope from the intra-vein bottom-pulling horizontal roadway 10. The lower plate is provided with zigzag external slopes crossing 2 stopes along the trend, and slope connecting roads 7 are tunneled to the ore body by the slopes 6 at intervals of 5m vertical height to serve as a trackless mining equipment walking channel.
In some embodiments, the arrangement form of the ramp way communication roads in the step S200 may be changed to a single-point multi-angle type, that is, one ramp way communication road 7 is arranged at a larger distance in the vertical direction, and the single ramp way communication road 7 serves a plurality of mining heights in a layered filling manner by referring to an upward horizontal layered filling method.
Step S300: blasting, stoping and ventilating. A drill jumbo suitable for narrow space operation is adopted for drilling, the drill jumbo enters a stope through a slope way and a slope way connecting way, mining is carried out from bottom to top in the stope, a front stope is ahead of a rear stope along the trend direction, a mechanical drill jumbo drills upward shallow holes, the hole depth is 1.8m, and a 50m stope carries out layered blasting ore falling. During blasting operation, after the previous stope finishes drilling, the drill jumbo enters the next stope flat field for drilling, and the operation is repeated in a circulating mode until stope is finished.
Fresh air flows through the slope way 6 and the slope way connecting way 7 to enter a stope, and after a working face is washed, dirty air is discharged through the ventilation raise 4 and the upper-stage transportation drift. An air curtain is arranged between adjacent stopes to prevent polluted air from entering the adjacent rock drilling stopes. The personnel and the materials enter the stope through the ramp connecting passage 7.
In some embodiments, the drill jumbo suitable for narrow space operation in step S300 is a multifunctional low-height small drill jumbo, the width of the drill jumbo is less than 1.3m, the height of the drill jumbo is less than 1.8m, the drill jumbo travels in a crawler type, the drill holes are drilled in multiple degrees of freedom, the drilling depth can reach 2m, and the drill jumbo has a stope flat field operation function.
Step S400: and (4) ore removal and filling. Ore is removed from the bottom of the stope through ore removal and vein penetration by adopting a scraper or a remote control scraper, the ore discharge amount is about 50 percent of the ore body caving in the stope each time, and an operation platform is reserved for the next step of mechanical rock drilling. And after the ores in the stope are completely collapsed, large-scale ore removal is carried out, and the next slope way 6 and the slope way connecting way 7 can be used for exploiting the tunneling waste rocks in the stope to backfill the goaf so as to prevent the waste rocks from leaving pits.
In some embodiments, the filling manner in step S400 may be changed to tailings cemented filling, waste rock cemented filling, paste filling or mixed filling.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method of mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining of steeply dipping thin and fine veins, the method comprising:
stope structure parameter division: according to the occurrence condition of the ore body, dividing the ore body to be mined into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and reserving a top pillar between adjacent stages; dividing the ore body in the same stage into continuous stopes along the direction of the ore body, adopting a sill pillar-free structure to remove ore, and continuously stoping along the direction of the ore body;
and (3) mining and cutting engineering: tunneling a drift-through roadway to an ore body by a stage-footage transportation roadway to uncover the ore body, constructing a bottom-drawing roadway along the drift according to the position and the trend of the ore body, and arranging the stage-transportation roadway on the footage of the ore body along with the condition of the ore body uncovered by the bottom-drawing roadway; constructing ore removal vein passing to the ore body at the stage of the transport level at intervals of a certain distance, and communicating with the pull-down level; and constructing intra-vein ventilation raise shafts upwards from two ends of the stope from the bottom-drawing gallery. The lower plate is provided with Z-shaped slope ramps which are arranged across a plurality of stopes along the trend, and slope ramp communication ramps are tunneled to ore bodies at intervals by the slope ramps to be used as a trackless mining equipment walking channel;
blasting, stoping and ventilating: stoping from bottom to top in a stope, leading the front stope to the rear stope along the trend direction, cutting down ores in parallel to an upward hole, and layering and cutting down ores for one time according to the drilling footage; during blasting operation, after the previous stope finishes drilling, the drilling trolley enters the next stope for drilling, and multiple stopes perform circulating reciprocating operation until stope recovery is finished; fresh air flows through a slope way and a slope way connecting way to enter a stope, after a working face is washed, dirty air is discharged through a ventilation raise and an upper-stage transportation roadway, and an air curtain or operation time management is arranged between adjacent stopes so as to ensure the air cleanness and the operation safety of the stope;
ore removal and filling: ore removal is carried out at the bottom of the stope through ore removal and vein passing, part of ore is discharged each time, and the rest ore is reserved as a next mechanical rock drilling operation platform; and after the ores in the stope are all collapsed, large-scale ore removal is carried out, and the next slope way and the slope way connecting way develop the tunneling waste rocks of the stope to backfill the goaf.
2. The mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein according to claim 1, wherein ore is removed by a sill pillar-free structure in the structural parameter division of the stope, continuous stoping is performed along the trend of an ore body, and stopes are stoped simultaneously.
3. The mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ramp connecting roads are laid in a multi-point equidistant manner or a single-point multi-angle manner in the mining preparation cutting project.
4. The mechanized collaborative continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply dipping thin and fine ore vein according to claim 3, wherein the single-point multi-angle layout comprises:
in the vertical direction, slope road connecting roads are arranged at intervals of a preset distance, and the single slope road connecting road serves a plurality of mining heights in a layered filling mode by referring to an upward horizontal layered filling method.
5. The mechanized and collaborative continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply dipping thin and fine ore vein according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanized rock drilling operation is realized by a multifunctional low and short small-sized drill jumbo.
6. The mechanized and synergetic continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein according to claim 1, wherein the filling operation adopts a process of digging waste rock filling, tailing cemented filling, waste rock cemented filling, paste filling or mixed filling of a next ramp and a ramp connecting road exploitation stope.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108104816A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-01 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Upward mining method of steeply inclined thin ore body |
| CN112012744A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-01 | 陕西华源矿业有限责任公司 | Comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method |
| CN114183142A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-15 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for mining inclined and steeply inclined thin ore body |
| CN114592909A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-07 | 生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心 | Downward layered access filling mining method for extremely-broken thick and large ore body |
| CN114893184A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-12 | 紫金(长沙)工程技术有限公司 | Novel method for external mining quasi-mechanization stratified filling mining of thin to medium-thick ore vein |
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- 2022-11-08 CN CN202211391718.9A patent/CN115788429A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108104816A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-01 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Upward mining method of steeply inclined thin ore body |
| CN112012744A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-01 | 陕西华源矿业有限责任公司 | Comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method |
| CN114183142A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-15 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for mining inclined and steeply inclined thin ore body |
| CN114592909A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-07 | 生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心 | Downward layered access filling mining method for extremely-broken thick and large ore body |
| CN114893184A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-12 | 紫金(长沙)工程技术有限公司 | Novel method for external mining quasi-mechanization stratified filling mining of thin to medium-thick ore vein |
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