CN115788429A - A kind of steeply inclined thin vein mechanized cooperative continuous ore retention mining method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein. The zigzag ramp and the ramp communication path are arranged on the ore body footwall and serve as a channel of trackless equipment and a ventilation network to serve a plurality of stopes simultaneously. Continuous extraction is carried out from bottom to top along the direction of the stope, and a low small-sized drill jumbo suitable for narrow space operation is adopted for drilling, so that the stope has the function of flat field operation. One layer of ore body is caved in the stope at one time, and the rock drilling trolley is used for the next stope operation before blasting. The mining of the former stope precedes the mining of the latter stope. Part of ores are discharged during each ore falling, and other ores are reserved as an upper mining operation platform. And after the single stope finishes the mining, centralized ore removal is carried out, and the goaf is filled in time. The invention can overcome the defects of poor safety, low mechanization level, high labor intensity of workers, low production efficiency and the like of a shallow hole shrinkage method, and realizes the cooperation and continuous shrinkage and recovery of mechanical equipment and a mining process.

Description

A kind of steeply inclined thin vein mechanized cooperative continuous ore retention mining method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining methods for steeply inclined thin ore veins in underground mines, and in particular relates to a mechanized and coordinated continuous ore retention mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins.

Background technique

The mining of sharply inclined thin veins has a long history. Aiming at the problems existing in the mining process of such veins, a variety of reasonable and effective methods have been proposed and good results have been achieved. The mining method of this type of ore body mostly is the comprehensive mining method (referring to CN114934775A, CN101368482) of shallow hole falling ore, shallow hole retaining method (referring to CN101634227, CN103089267A, CN104196536A), cutting wall filling method (referring to CN108678745A, CN105649626A, CN107489),4 Upward or downward layered filling method (CN113685226A, CN114251096A, CN110939445A), etc. According to the thickness of the ore body, medium and deep hole mining methods such as the segmented empty field method, the segmental caving method without bottom pillars and the mid-deep hole mining method of climbing pots are also applied.

At present, the shallow hole mining method is still the main method of steeply inclined thin veins, and the two mining methods of shallow hole retention method and wall cutting and filling method account for as high as 70%. Restricted by the technical conditions of underground mining, shallow hole mining has problems such as low rock drilling efficiency, low level of underground mining mechanization, high labor intensity, poor safety, low production capacity, and high loss dilution. There are problems such as high labor intensity of workers, high mining cost, complicated process, many operation cycles and high ore loss rate in mining by wall cutting and filling method.

With the advancement of mining machinery and equipment and the improvement of the technical level of workers, the mining method has a tendency to develop into the medium and deep hole mining method. The use of mechanized rock drilling equipment has improved the efficiency of underground rock drilling and increased the scale of underground production, but limited The working space has brought new problems, the mechanized equipment and the mining process are not coordinated, the mining dilution rate has increased significantly, and the production cost has increased. Especially in the mining process of steeply inclined thin veins, the mining technology and process are complex and discontinuous, and a large amount of overmined waste rock is mixed into the medium and deep hole blasting, making it difficult to control the ore dilution rate.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is provided to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. The invention is a method for mechanization and continuous ore retention of steeply inclined thin ore veins, which has high mechanization level, high mining efficiency, and cooperative operation of mining equipment and mining technology.

The present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for mechanized continuous ore retention and mining with steeply inclined thin veins, said method comprising:

Divide stope structure parameters: according to the ore body occurrence conditions, divide the ore body to be mined into multiple stages in the vertical direction, and leave pillars between adjacent stages; divide the ore body at the same stage into continuous stages along the ore body trend In the stope, the ore is produced with a pillarless structure, and the mine is continuously mined along the ore body;

Mining and cutting engineering: Excavate the vein-piercing roadway from the transportation level roadway at the footwall stage to the ore body to expose the ore body, and construct the bottom level roadway along the vein according to the position and direction of the ore body, and the stage transportation level roadway follows the bottom level roadway to expose For the ore body condition, it is arranged in the footwall of the ore body; at intervals, at intervals, in the stage, the transport roadway is constructed to the ore body to pass through the veins, and it runs through the bottom roadway; Internal ventilation patio. Arrange zigzag-shaped slopes outside the vein across multiple stopes along the strike in the footwall, and excavate the slopes from the slopes to the ore body at intervals of a certain distance, as a walking channel for trackless mining equipment;

Ventilation for blasting mining: mining from bottom to top in the stope, the previous stope is ahead of the latter stope along the strike direction, and the ore is dropped in parallel to the hole, and the ore is dropped in layers according to the rock drilling footage; during the blasting operation, the front After the rock drilling in the first stope is completed, the drilling rig enters the first stope to drill rock, and the multi-stope reciprocates until the stope mining is completed; the fresh air flows into the stope through the ramp and the ramp connection road, and after washing the working face , the polluted air is discharged through the ventilation patio and the transport levelway in the previous stage, and air curtains or operating time management are set up between adjacent stopes to ensure clean air in the stope and safe operation;

Ore filling: At the bottom of the stope, the ore is discharged through the veins, part of the ore is released each time, and the remaining ore is reserved for the next step of the mechanized rock drilling operation platform; after all the ore in the stope has collapsed, the large-scale ore is discharged, and the next ramp Backfill the goaf with the excavation waste rock of the stope developed by the connecting road of the slope road.

Further, in the division of the stope structure parameters, the ore is mined with a bottomless pillar structure, continuous mining along the ore body, and multiple stopes are simultaneously mined.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned standard cutting project, the layout of the access road of the ramp is multi-point equidistant layout or single-point multi-angle layout.

Further, the single-point multi-angle layout includes:

In the vertical direction, a ramp access road is arranged at preset distances, and a single ramp access road refers to the upward horizontal layered filling method to serve multiple recovery heights in a layered filling manner.

Further, the mechanized rock drilling operation is realized by using a multi-functional low-profile rock drilling rig.

Further, the filling operation adopts the excavation waste rock filling, tailings cemented filling, waste rock cemented filling, paste filling or mixed filling process for developing the stope of the next ramp and the connecting road of the ramp.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) High level of mechanization and high degree of coordination. The invention adopts a low and small rock drilling jumbo suitable for operation in a narrow space for rock drilling, which has the function of flat field, faster rock drilling speed, larger drilling depth, high degree of mechanization, and greatly reduces the labor intensity of workers. Realize the continuous ore retention and recovery operation in multiple stopes, and the mechanized equipment and mining technology are highly coordinated.

(2) High security. The invention adopts mechanized rock drilling, and the workers can be liberated from the dangerous environment of direct exposure and the working face of the stope. The stope has no bottom column structure, and the mine is excavated by scrapers or remote-controlled scrapers, which reduces the number of workers and effectively improves the safety of mining operations.

(3) High production efficiency. A single ore drop in the stope breaks through the limitation of several rows of blastholes and extends to the entire length of the stope. The height of the ore fall is large, and no studs are left. Multiple adjacent stopes are continuously mined at the same time, and the production scale of the stope has been greatly improved.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a kind of steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanization cooperative continuous ore retention mining method in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is a front view of a rock mass in an embodiment of the present invention in which the mechanization of steeply inclined thin veins cooperates with the continuous ore retention mining method;

Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view among Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a C-C sectional view in Fig. 2 .

In the figure, 1--filling body; 2--transportation level road in the upper stage; 3-top column; 4-ventilation patio; 5-blasting hole; 6-incline; 8--caving ore; 9--outgoing mine piercing vein; 10--pulling the bottom roadway in the vein; 11--stage transportation level roadway.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention. For the various steps described herein, if there is no need for a contextual relationship between each other, the order described herein as an example should not be considered as a limitation, and those skilled in the art will know that the order can be adjusted, as long as It is enough not to destroy the logic between them so that the whole process cannot be realized.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanized and continuous ore retention mining method with steeply inclined and thin veins. Based on a steeply inclined thin ore vein, the shallow hole ore retention method and the wall cutting and filling method are used for mining. The level of mechanization is low, and the labor intensity of workers is high. Poor safety, small production capacity, high loss and dilution problems. Referring to Figures 1-4, the methods include:

Step S100: Dividing stope structural parameters. In the vertical direction, the stage height is 50m, and 3m to 5m pillars 3 are reserved between adjacent stages; along the ore body trend, the ore body at the same stage is divided into continuous stopes, the stope length is 50m, and no inter-stage pillars are left. The ore is mined with a pillarless structure, and the mine is mined continuously along the ore body, and the two stopes are mined at the same time.

Step S200: Acquire the cutting project. Excavate the vein-piercing roadway from the transportation entry 11 in the footwall stage to the ore body to expose the ore body. According to the position and direction of the ore body, the bottom entry entry 10 is constructed along the vein, and the stage transportation entry follows the bottom entry entry 10 in the vein for exposure. The condition of the ore body is arranged in the footwall of the ore body. Every 15m, the ore body is constructed in the stage transportation level roadway 11 to go out through the vein 9, and connect with the bottom level roadway 10 in the vein. From the bottom level roadway 10 in the vein, the ventilation patio in the vein is constructed upwards at both ends of the stope. Arrange zigzag-shaped out-of-vein ramps across the two stopes along the strike in the footwall, and excavate the ramp connection road 7 from the ramp 6 to the ore body every 5m vertical height, as a walking channel for trackless mining equipment.

In some embodiments, the arrangement of ramps in step S200 can be changed to a single-point multi-angle arrangement, that is, in the vertical direction, a ramp 7 is arranged at a relatively large distance, and a single ramp The communication road 7 refers to the upward horizontal layered filling method, and serves multiple recovery heights in a layered filling manner.

Step S300: mining ventilation by blasting. Drilling jumbo suitable for narrow space operation is used for rock drilling. The drilling jumbo enters the stope through the ramp and the connecting road of the ramp, and recovers from bottom to top in the stope. In the field, the mechanized rock drilling rig drilled upward shallow holes with a hole depth of 1.8m, and the 50m stope was layered and blasted to drop the ore. During the blasting operation, the rock drilling in the previous stope is completed, and the rock drilling jumbo enters the next stope to level the field and drill rock, and the operation is repeated until the stope mining is completed.

The fresh air flows into the stope through the ramp 6 and the ramp connecting road 7. After washing the working face, the dirty air is discharged through the ventilation patio 4 and the upper transport level road. Air curtains are set up between adjacent stopes to prevent polluted wind from entering adjacent rock drilling stops. Personnel and materials enter the stope through the access road 7 of the ramp.

In some embodiments, the rock drilling rig adapted to work in a narrow space in step S300 is a multi-functional low-profile rock drilling rig with a width of less than 1.3m and a height of less than 1.8m, crawler-type walking, and multi-degree-of-freedom drilling , the drilling depth can reach 2m, and it also has the function of stope leveling operation.

Step S400: mining and filling. LHDs or remote-controlled scrapers are used to extract ore through veins at the bottom of the stope, and the amount of ore drawn is about 50% of each caving ore body in the stope, leaving an operating platform for the next step of mechanized rock drilling. After all the ore in the stope has collapsed, large-scale ore extraction is carried out. The excavation waste rock in the next ramp 6 and the ramp connection road 7 can be used to backfill the gob, so that the waste rock does not go out of the pit.

In some embodiments, the filling method in step S400 can be changed to tailings cemented filling, waste rock cemented filling, paste filling or mixed filling.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all Equivalent technical solutions also belong to the category of the present invention, and the scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A method of mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining of steeply dipping thin and fine veins, the method comprising:

stope structure parameter division: according to the occurrence condition of the ore body, dividing the ore body to be mined into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and reserving a top pillar between adjacent stages; dividing the ore body in the same stage into continuous stopes along the direction of the ore body, adopting a sill pillar-free structure to remove ore, and continuously stoping along the direction of the ore body;

and (3) mining and cutting engineering: tunneling a drift-through roadway to an ore body by a stage-footage transportation roadway to uncover the ore body, constructing a bottom-drawing roadway along the drift according to the position and the trend of the ore body, and arranging the stage-transportation roadway on the footage of the ore body along with the condition of the ore body uncovered by the bottom-drawing roadway; constructing ore removal vein passing to the ore body at the stage of the transport level at intervals of a certain distance, and communicating with the pull-down level; and constructing intra-vein ventilation raise shafts upwards from two ends of the stope from the bottom-drawing gallery. The lower plate is provided with Z-shaped slope ramps which are arranged across a plurality of stopes along the trend, and slope ramp communication ramps are tunneled to ore bodies at intervals by the slope ramps to be used as a trackless mining equipment walking channel;

blasting, stoping and ventilating: stoping from bottom to top in a stope, leading the front stope to the rear stope along the trend direction, cutting down ores in parallel to an upward hole, and layering and cutting down ores for one time according to the drilling footage; during blasting operation, after the previous stope finishes drilling, the drilling trolley enters the next stope for drilling, and multiple stopes perform circulating reciprocating operation until stope recovery is finished; fresh air flows through a slope way and a slope way connecting way to enter a stope, after a working face is washed, dirty air is discharged through a ventilation raise and an upper-stage transportation roadway, and an air curtain or operation time management is arranged between adjacent stopes so as to ensure the air cleanness and the operation safety of the stope;

ore removal and filling: ore removal is carried out at the bottom of the stope through ore removal and vein passing, part of ore is discharged each time, and the rest ore is reserved as a next mechanical rock drilling operation platform; and after the ores in the stope are all collapsed, large-scale ore removal is carried out, and the next slope way and the slope way connecting way develop the tunneling waste rocks of the stope to backfill the goaf.

2. The mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein according to claim 1, wherein ore is removed by a sill pillar-free structure in the structural parameter division of the stope, continuous stoping is performed along the trend of an ore body, and stopes are stoped simultaneously.

3. The mechanized cooperative continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ramp connecting roads are laid in a multi-point equidistant manner or a single-point multi-angle manner in the mining preparation cutting project.

4. The mechanized collaborative continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply dipping thin and fine ore vein according to claim 3, wherein the single-point multi-angle layout comprises:

in the vertical direction, slope road connecting roads are arranged at intervals of a preset distance, and the single slope road connecting road serves a plurality of mining heights in a layered filling mode by referring to an upward horizontal layered filling method.

5. The mechanized and collaborative continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply dipping thin and fine ore vein according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanized rock drilling operation is realized by a multifunctional low and short small-sized drill jumbo.

6. The mechanized and synergetic continuous shrinkage mining method for the steeply inclined thin and fine ore vein according to claim 1, wherein the filling operation adopts a process of digging waste rock filling, tailing cemented filling, waste rock cemented filling, paste filling or mixed filling of a next ramp and a ramp connecting road exploitation stope.

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