CN111990213A - Reproducible eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw material and preparation method - Google Patents
Reproducible eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990213A CN111990213A CN202010651983.0A CN202010651983A CN111990213A CN 111990213 A CN111990213 A CN 111990213A CN 202010651983 A CN202010651983 A CN 202010651983A CN 111990213 A CN111990213 A CN 111990213A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reproducible eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the production steps are as follows: s1: silkworm excrement is crushed into slurry with the particle size smaller than 20mm by crushing pulping equipment; s2: mixing and stirring 10-60 parts of slurry and 20-80 parts of adjusting material by weight to obtain silkworm excrement fermented material with 35-70% of water, and fermenting for 3-45 days to obtain silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker; s3: adding water into the primary fermentation clinker to adjust the water content to 40-65%, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 5-45 days to obtain secondary fermentation clinker with the water content of 30-50%; s4: and uniformly mixing and stirring the secondary fermentation clinker and the matrix skeleton material according to a certain weight ratio to prepare the regenerated silkworm excrement eucalyptus seedling culture matrix. According to the method, the silkworm excrement is applied to the preparation of the eucalyptus seedling raising matrix, so that the pollution to the environment caused by a large amount of waste silkworm excrement can be relieved, the raw material channel of the eucalyptus seedling raising matrix can be widened, the peat soil/turfy soil can be effectively saved, the problem of raw material source of the eucalyptus seedling raising matrix is solved, and a resource utilization way is found for the silkworm excrement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparing renewable forest seedling raising substrates by using domestic organic garbage, and particularly relates to a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In China, silkworm breeding is a long-history industry, the planting area of mulberry trees is nearly 1200 mu per mu, and the amount of excrement wastes (silkworm excrement) discharged in silkworm breeding every year is nearly ten thousand tons, so that serious environmental pollution is caused. At present, the silkworm excrement treatment method mainly comprises that a small part of silkworm excrement left by a farmer is used as fuel and the silkworm excrement is used for composting, but most of silkworm excrement is still piled everywhere. With the continuous development and scale enlargement of the mulberry silkworm breeding industry in China, the direct and everywhere stacking of silkworm excrement without treatment becomes a main source for the spread and spread of various silkworm disease pathogens and a key factor of the environmental pollution of silkworm areas. Therefore, scientific utilization of silkworm excrement is an important means for solving the problems of waste, environmental pollution and silkworm pathogenic bacteria diffusion in the silkworm industry at present.
Eucalyptus is the backbone industry of Guangxi, and hundreds of millions of eucalyptus seedlings are required in Guangxi every year. The eucalyptus seedlings have rigid requirements on culture media, peat soil/turfy soil is mostly adopted as main raw materials in the traditional eucalyptus seedling culture media preparation process, but the ecological balance is damaged by the large-scale exploitation of the peat soil/turfy soil, so that the supply of the raw materials is limited. At present, the method is in great trend to replace peat soil/turfy soil by using various organic solid wastes of agriculture and forestry to obtain fully decomposed materials through biological fermentation.
Therefore, a need exists for developing a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials, which can not only reduce the environmental pollution caused by a large amount of waste silkworm excrement, but also widen the raw material channel of the eucalyptus seedling raising substrate, effectively save peat soil/turfy soil, and have important economic, ecological and social benefits for promoting the sustainable development of the Guangxi eucalyptus industry and the silkworm breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reproducible eucalyptus seedling substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise silkworm excrement, a regulating material and a substrate framework material.
Preferably, the adjusting material is one or a mixture of more of sugar-making filter mud fermentation clinker, powdery garden garbage, eucalyptus bark powder, sawdust, crop straw powder, mulberry twig powder, bagasse/pith and manioc waste.
Preferably, the matrix skeleton material is any one or a mixture of more of rice husk, powdery greening garbage, sawdust, eucalyptus bark powder and coconut husk in any ratio.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials, which comprises the following production steps:
s1: silkworm excrement crushing and pulping: silkworm excrement is crushed into sticky silkworm excrement slurry with the particle size smaller than 2mm by crushing and pulping equipment;
s2: preparing silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker: the silkworm excrement slurry obtained in the S1 and the adjusting material are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10-60: uniformly mixing and stirring 20-80 to obtain a silkworm excrement fermented material with the water content of 35-70%, and fermenting for 3-45 days to obtain silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker with the water content of 15-45%;
s3: preparing silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker: adding water into the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker prepared in the S2, adjusting the water content to 40-65%, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 5-45 days to prepare silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker with the water content of 30-50%;
s4: preparing a silkworm excrement matrix: mixing the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 with matrix skeleton materials according to the weight ratio of 20: and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio of 0.5-10, screening, and fermenting for several days to prepare the regenerated silkworm excrement eucalyptus seedling raising substrate.
Preferably, the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker in the S3 can be mixed with the powdery garden garbage according to the ratio of 10: 5-20 dry basis weight ratio, mixing and fermenting to obtain the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker.
Preferably, the fermentation in S2, S3, S4 is performed in a bag-drum type or/and tray type, tank type, strip-stack type, tank type.
Preferably, the fermented materials in the S2, S3 and S4 at least comprise firmicutes and actinomycetes.
Preferably, the materials in the S2, S3 and S4 are mixed and then crushed into uniform powder by crushing equipment for fermentation.
Preferably, the fermentation time in S4 is 0-45 days.
Preferably, the thickness of the fermentation material layer which is subjected to tray type fermentation in the S2, S3 and S4 is 100-600 mm, the diameter of the fermentation bag barrel which is subjected to bag barrel type fermentation is 100-600 mm, and the height of the fermentation bag barrel is 300-2500 mm.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the raw materials for matrix production are organic solid wastes or wastes of agriculture and forestry, can be recycled, not only solves the problem of source of eucalyptus seedling culture matrix raw materials, but also finds a resource utilization way for silkworm breeding wastes, namely silkworm excrement;
(2) the preparation process adopts a unique spatial static aerobic fermentation process, and the whole fermentation process has no emission of malodorous gas and wastewater, short fermentation period, high efficiency and environmental protection.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention for achieving the predetermined purpose, the following embodiments are combined with the preferred embodiments to describe the renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate based on silkworm excrement material and the preparation method thereof, and the specific implementation modes, the characteristics and the effects thereof are as follows:
example 1
The invention relates to a reproducible eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials and a preparation method thereof
S1: silkworm excrement crushing and pulping: silkworm excrement is crushed into sticky silkworm excrement slurry with the particle size smaller than 20mm by crushing pulping equipment;
s2: preparing silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker: uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of the silkworm excrement slurry obtained in the step S1 with 10 parts by weight of silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker and 60 parts by weight of powdery landscaping garbage to obtain a silkworm excrement fermentation material with the water content of 35%, uniformly mixing, crushing, and then putting into a fermentation tray, wherein the thickness of the material is 400mm, fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker with the water content of 30%, and detecting that the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutes in the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker is 65.5% and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum actinomycetes is 31%;
s3: preparing silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker: adding water into the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S2, adjusting the water content to 60%, uniformly mixing, crushing, putting into a fermentation tray, fermenting for 5-10 days to prepare the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker with the water content of 35%, and detecting that the relative abundance of the muralis microorganisms in the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker is 57.86%;
s4: preparing a silkworm excrement matrix: mixing the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 with coconut coir according to the weight ratio of 20: 10, uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio, and screening to prepare the regenerated silkworm excrement eucalyptus seedling raising matrix.
Example 2
The invention relates to a reproducible eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the production steps are as follows:
s1: silkworm excrement crushing and pulping: silkworm excrement is crushed into sticky silkworm excrement slurry with the particle size smaller than 20mm by crushing pulping equipment;
s2: preparing silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker: uniformly mixing 60 parts by weight of the silkworm excrement slurry obtained in the step S1 with 50 parts by weight of the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker and the sugar-making filter mud fermentation clinker to obtain a silkworm excrement fermentation material with 50% of water, uniformly mixing, crushing, and then putting into a fermentation bag, wherein the diameter of the fermentation bag is 400mm, the height of the fermentation bag is 800mm, the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker with 20% of water is obtained after fermentation for 35-45 days, and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutensis in the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker is 63% and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum actinomycetes is 32%;
s3: preparing silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker: adding water into the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S2, adjusting the water content to 50%, uniformly mixing, crushing into uniform powder particles by using crushing equipment, putting into a fermentation bag with the diameter of 400mm and the height of 800mm, continuously fermenting for 15-20 days to prepare silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker with the water content of 45%, and detecting that the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutes in the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker is 60%;
s4: preparing a silkworm excrement matrix: mixing the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 with sawdust and eucalyptus bark powder according to the weight ratio of 20: and after uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio of 5, putting the mixture into a fermentation bag again for fermentation for 10-15 days, detecting that the fermentation material mainly comprises actinomycetemcomia, and screening to prepare the regenerated silkworm excrement eucalyptus seedling culture substrate.
Example 3
The invention relates to a reproducible eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the production steps are as follows:
s1: silkworm excrement crushing and pulping: silkworm excrement is crushed into sticky silkworm excrement slurry with the particle size smaller than 20mm by crushing pulping equipment;
s2: preparing silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker: uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of the silkworm excrement slurry obtained in the step S1 with 20 parts by weight of a mixed material of the sugar-making filter mud fermentation clinker and sawdust to obtain a silkworm excrement fermentation material with 70% of water, crushing the silkworm excrement fermentation material, fermenting the silkworm excrement fermentation material by adopting a stack, wherein the width of the material stack is 1000mm, the height of the material stack is 600mm, the material stack is fermented for 8-18 days, the material stack is turned over once every 3 days by using a forklift or a turner, after the fermentation is finished, the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker with 45% of water is obtained, and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum firmicutensia in the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker is detected to be 61%, and the relative abundance of the microorganisms of the phylum;
s3: preparing silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker: mixing the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S2 and the powdery garden garbage according to the dry basis weight of 10: 20, mixing, crushing into uniform powder particles by adopting crushing equipment, putting into a tray type organic material fermentation system, fermenting for 3-7 days, wherein the thickness of a fermentation material layer is 420mm, obtaining silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker with the water content of 35%, and detecting that the relative abundance of microorganisms of the phylum firmicutes in the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker is 62%;
s4: preparing a silkworm excrement matrix: mixing the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker prepared in the step S3 and powdery greening garbage according to the weight ratio of 20: and uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio of 0.5, and directly preparing the regenerated silkworm excrement eucalyptus seedling raising matrix after screening.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The renewable eucalyptus seedling raising matrix based on silkworm excrement raw materials is characterized by comprising silkworm excrement, a regulating material and a matrix skeleton material.
2. A renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditioning material is one or more of sugar filter mud fermentation clinker, powdered garden garbage, eucalyptus bark powder, sawdust, crop straw powder, mulberry twig powder, bagasse/pith, and cassava residue.
3. The renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate framework material is any one or a mixture of more of rice husk, powdery greening garbage, sawdust, eucalyptus bark powder and coconut husk in any ratio.
4. The renewable eucalyptus seedling substrate of claim 2, wherein the conditioning material comprises at least firmicutes and actinomycetes fermenting microorganisms.
5. A preparation method of a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising matrix based on silkworm excrement raw materials is characterized by comprising the following production steps:
s1: silkworm excrement crushing and pulping: silkworm excrement is crushed into sticky silkworm excrement slurry with the particle size smaller than 20mm by crushing pulping equipment;
s2: preparing silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker: the silkworm excrement slurry obtained in the step S1 and the adjusting material are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10-60: uniformly mixing and stirring 20-80 to obtain a silkworm excrement fermented material with the water content of 35-70%, and fermenting for 3-45 days to obtain silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker with the water content of 15-45%;
s3: preparing silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker: adding water into the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker in the S2, adjusting the water content to 40-65%, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 5-45 days to obtain silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker with the water content of 30-50%;
s4: preparing a silkworm excrement matrix: mixing the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker and the matrix skeleton material in the step S3 according to the weight ratio of 20: and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the components in a weight ratio of 0.5-10, screening, and fermenting for a plurality of days to prepare the regenerated silkworm excrement eucalyptus seedling raising substrate.
6. The method for preparing a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw material as claimed in claim 5, wherein in S3, the silkworm excrement primary fermentation clinker can be mixed with the powdery garden garbage according to the ratio of 10: 5-20 dry basis weight ratio, mixing and fermenting to obtain the silkworm excrement secondary fermentation clinker.
7. The method for preparing a renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fermentation in S2, S3 and S4 is performed in a bag-drum type or/and tray type, a tank type, a strip-stack type and a tank type.
8. The preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the materials in S2, S3 and S4 are mixed and then crushed into uniform powder by crushing equipment for fermentation.
9. The preparation method of the renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fermentation time in S4 is 0-45 days.
10. The method for preparing the renewable eucalyptus seedling raising substrate based on silkworm excrement raw material as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the thickness of a fermentation material layer which is fermented in a tray type in the S2, the S3 and the S4 is 100-600 mm, the diameter of a fermentation bag cylinder which is fermented in a bag cylinder type is 100-600 mm, and the height of the fermentation bag cylinder is 300-2500 mm.
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