CN112679256A - Preparation method of straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out yellow storage pretreatment on rice straws, removing a waxy layer on the surface of the rice straws, and destroying a lignin structure to depolymerize a linkage bond between lignin and carbohydrate; secondly, processing the straw raw material after yellow storage by adopting a dry anaerobic fermentation technology to realize effective degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose of the rice straw biogas residue and produce the rice straw biogas residue; and finally, taking the rice straw biogas residues as raw materials, adding bean cakes and a urea nitrogen source according to a certain proportion, adjusting C/N, performing high-temperature aerobic composting in a palletizing mode, and adding beneficial bacteria such as bacillus subtilis and the like according to a certain proportion after the materials are thoroughly decomposed to prepare the high-added-value compound microbial fertilizer. The method adopts the rice straw biogas residues as the main raw material for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, and prepares the composite microbial fertilizer by using the rice straw biogas residues, thereby realizing the field leaving treatment of the rice straws in the water reservoir area and the development and utilization of high value-added fertilizer products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment and organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer.
Background
The crop straw resources in China are rich, accounting for 52.8 percent of the total biomass resources, the annual output reaches about 7 hundred million tons, wherein the rice straw accounts for about 1/3. Due to the factors of high long-distance transportation cost, unsound market mechanism and the like, most straws cannot be effectively treated, so that not only is the resource waste caused, but also the atmospheric and water environment pollution is generated. At present, the main treatment mode of rice straws in China is direct returning, but a series of secondary planting obstacles and environmental risks caused by the direct returning are gradually highlighted, such as easy lodging of next-stubble crops, aggravation of cordyceps damage, nitrogen consumption caused by straw decomposition, water body pollution caused by discharge of a large amount of decomposition liquid and the like. Particularly, in environment sensitive areas such as vast southern water source reservoir areas and the like, the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry is limited, a single pure planting industrial structure is gradually formed, meanwhile, the lack of local organic fertilizer causes the breakage of an agricultural ecological cycle chain, and how to realize the effective treatment and the fertilizer utilization of rice straws becomes one of the current research hotspot problems.
As one of the approaches for solving the global energy crisis, dry anaerobic fermentation technology is increasingly applied to agricultural waste treatment and utilization projects such as kitchen waste, straws and the like, for example, a project of producing biogas and purifying natural gas by 100 tons/day of corn straws established in ziqihaer. However, a wax layer is formed on the surface of the rice straw, a large number of particles and filaments are distributed, and a crystal structure of cellulose and hemicellulose is coated by covalently bonding lignin and hemicellulose, so that direct anaerobic fermentation and direct aerobic composting are limited, and domestic related engineering cases are rarely reported. In the dry anaerobic fermentation process using rice straws as main raw materials in a water source reservoir area, because only a small amount of livestock and poultry are cultivated scattered in a region, the availability of organic nitrogen sources such as livestock and poultry manure is poor, the anaerobic fermentation engineering operation generally needs to be maintained in a high C/N environment, and the produced rice straw biogas residue has a series of problems of low nutrient content, small beneficial bacteria amount, low utilization value and the like, so that the economic output of the whole treatment system is low. How to realize the effective utilization of the rice straw biogas residues in the water source reservoir area and the development of organic matter (fertilizer) products with high added value become the technical key of the ecological agriculture circulating chain reconstruction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a preparation method of the rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer, which can realize field-leaving treatment of rice straws in water source reservoir areas and development and utilization of high value-added fertilizer products. The method is based on dry anaerobic fermentation and high-temperature aerobic composting theories, and can realize field leaving treatment of rice straws and development and utilization of high value-added fertilizer products through rice straw yellow storage pretreatment, dry anaerobic fermentation and composite microbial fertilizer preparation.
The technical concept of the invention is as follows: considering the particularity of agricultural structures in pure planting or multiple planting areas in vast water reservoir areas in China, after rice is harvested, straws are packed and collected, and are crushed to be subjected to yellow storage pretreatment, so that a wax layer on the surface of the rice straws is removed, and the lignin structure is damaged to depolymerize the link bonds between lignin and carbohydrates; on the basis, the straw raw material after yellow storage is used for dry anaerobic fermentation treatment, so that the effective degradation of the cellulose and hemicellulose of the rice straw biogas residue is further realized; and finally, taking the rice straw biogas residues as a raw material, adding bean cakes and a urea nitrogen source, adjusting to a proper carbon-nitrogen ratio, performing high-temperature aerobic composting in a strip-pile manner, and adding beneficial bacteria such as bacillus subtilis and the like according to a certain proportion after the materials are thoroughly decomposed to prepare the high-added-value composite microbial fertilizer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer adopts the rice straw biogas residue as a main raw material for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, and prepares the composite microbial fertilizer by using the rice straw biogas residue; the method comprises the following steps: after harvesting and crushing the rice straws, spraying pretreatment liquid for pretreatment, and stacking, sealing and storing for more than 30 days; then, performing dry anaerobic fermentation, wherein in the stable operation process of the dry anaerobic fermentation, the C/N of the reaction material is controlled to be not higher than 40:1, the solid content is 10-20%, and the retention period of the material is not less than 30 days; then, performing solid-liquid separation on the discharged material after anaerobic fermentation, and controlling the solid content of the solid part, namely the rice straw biogas residue to be more than 75%; the method comprises the following steps of taking rice straw biogas residues obtained through solid-liquid separation after anaerobic fermentation as main raw materials for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residues to 25-30: after 1, performing high-temperature aerobic composting for more than 30 days in a strip pile manner, controlling the water content to be below 30%, and crushing; and then adding three beneficial bacteria according to the proportion of 0.2-0.5 kg/ton of bacillus subtilis, 0.02-0.05 kg/ton of bacillus mucilaginosus and 0.02-0.05 kg/ton of trichoderma harzianum, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer.
The preparation method of the rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
pretreatment of rice straw
1) Harvesting and crushing rice straws: after rice is harvested according to the local crop growth season rule, rice straws (rice straws) are packed and transported to a plurality of suitable positions such as open lands of the field heads, and are immediately crushed until the grain size is less than or equal to 3cm, and are stacked for later use;
2) spraying a pretreatment solution: stacking the crushed rice straws according to the terrain, and uniformly spraying pretreatment liquid in the process; the dosage of the pretreatment liquid is controlled according to the dry and wet degree of the rice straw raw material, and the dosage of each 1 ton of rice straw is not more than 200L;
3) the stack is stored hermetically: in order to not affect the planting requirement of the cultivated land in the next year and achieve the effect of yellow storage of the rice straws, after the ground is leveled, an HDPE impermeable film with the thickness not less than 1.2mm is paved, the crushed rice straws sprayed with the pretreatment liquid are compacted and stacked, and the periphery of the crushed rice straws is heightened and compacted by a sand bag, so that air and rainwater are prevented from entering the crushed rice straws.
(II) Dry anaerobic fermentation
1) Screw propulsion feeding: based on the dry anaerobic fermentation theory, establishing a horizontal plug flow type dry anaerobic fermentation project which takes rice straws as main fermentation materials and a matched biogas utilization system and a biogas residue composting place, and determining the daily processing capacity; after the rice straw is subjected to yellow storage pretreatment for 30 days, the rice straw is transported to a treatment center through a vehicle and is sent into a dry anaerobic fermentation tank through a screw feeder;
2) dry anaerobic fermentation: in the dry anaerobic fermentation starting stage, livestock and poultry manure (pig manure and cow manure) is added according to the inoculation proportion of 18-22% (preferably 20%); in the stable operation process, the C/N of the reaction material is controlled to be not higher than 40:1, the solid content is controlled to be 10-20%, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 32-36 ℃ (preferably 35 ℃), and the material retention period is not less than 30 days; in the stable operation stage, the biogas yield is not lower than 300m3TS, supplementing livestock and poultry manure once every 1-2 months according to gas production conditions;
3) discharging solid-liquid separation: slag discharge is treated by solid-liquid separation, and a biogas slurry part (namely solid-liquid separation liquid) completely flows back to a feed end through a reflux pump; the solid part (namely the rice straw biogas residue) is used as a main raw material for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, and a proper solid-liquid separation machine is selected to control the solid content to be more than 75%.
(III) preparation of compound microbial fertilizer
1) Feed nitrogen supplementation: based on the detection results of the nitrogen and organic carbon contents of the treated biogas residues, in order to quickly start high-temperature compost and promote the quick stabilization of organic matters, the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residues is adjusted to be 25-30 by adding bean cakes and urea-state nitrogen sources: 1, as compost material;
2) high-temperature aerobic composting: stacking and fermenting the mixed compost materials, further killing harmful bacteria and worm eggs in the materials through high-temperature decomposition, and simultaneously further degrading crude fibers in the rice straw biogas residues to promote humification of the materials; turning the compost once every a certain time in the high-temperature composting process, and obtaining a fertilizer main raw material with the water content of 28.5-32.5% after high-temperature composting for 1 month;
3) beneficial agent addition: through the steps, a fertilizer primary product is obtained, the fertilizer main raw material with the water content of more than 30% is dried to the water content of less than 30%, and then is crushed; then, based on the specific nutritional structure of the environment of the organic components of the straw biogas residue, adding three beneficial bacteria according to the proportion of 0.2-0.5 kg/ton of bacillus subtilis, 0.02-0.05 kg/ton of bacillus mucilaginosus and 0.02-0.05 kg/ton of trichoderma harzianum, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer.
Further, in the step 3) of the step (I), the height of the stack is controlled to be about 4m, and the floor area of the single stack is controlled to be 20m2The storage time is controlled to be more than 30 d.
Further, in the step 2) of the step (one), the pretreatment solution is river water or a predetermined concentration of not more than 10 mg.L-1The calcium hydroxide solution of (1).
Further, in the step 2) of the second step (ii), the livestock manure is added according to the inoculation ratio of 20%; in the stable operation stage, the biogas yield is not less than 300m3And (6) TS, supplementing pig manure once every 1-2 months according to the gas production condition.
Further, the livestock manure is pig manure or cow manure.
Further, in the step 1) of the step (three), bean cakes and a urea nitrogen source are added into the rice straw biogas residues according to the fresh weight mixing ratio: 1000 kg of rice straw biogas residues, 50 kg of bean cakes and 5kg of urea-state nitrogen sources, namely 50 kg of bean cakes and 5kg of urea-state nitrogen sources are added into each ton of the rice straw biogas residues, and the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residues is adjusted to be 25: 1.
further, in the step 2) of the step (three), the compost is piled up into a strip pile type compost with the height of 1.5 meters and the width of 2 meters; the temperature of the high-temperature aerobic composting is 55-65 ℃; and in the high-temperature composting process of the compost, turning the compost once every 10 days in a high-temperature period, and obtaining the main raw material of the fertilizer with the water content of 28.5-32.5% after 1 month and 3 high-temperature cycles.
Further, in the step 3) of the third step, the fertilizer main raw material with the water content of more than 30% is dried at high temperature until the water content is less than 30%, then crushed, and then sieved by a 0.5mm sieve.
Further, in step 3) of the above step (three), three kinds of beneficial bacteria were added in a ratio of 0.4 kg/ton of Bacillus subtilis, 0.04 kg/ton of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and 0.04 kg/ton of Trichoderma harzianum.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method of the rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer provided by the invention is based on dry anaerobic fermentation and high-temperature aerobic composting theories, realizes field leaving treatment of rice straws and development and utilization of high value-added fertilizer products by nine steps of three stages of rice straw yellow storage pretreatment, dry anaerobic fermentation and composite microbial fertilizer preparation, can effectively solve a series of secondary planting obstacles and environmental problems caused by direct straw returning to fields, provides the high-quality composite microbial fertilizer for local green agricultural development, and is suitable for wide pure planting or water source reservoir areas with agricultural structures in various planting areas.
According to the invention, the rice straw biogas residue after the rice straw anaerobic fermentation treatment is used for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, so that the economical efficiency of rice straw off-field industrialization can be improved, and a new way for expanding the treatment and utilization of the rice straw is provided. The method of the invention adopts the rice straw biogas residues as the main raw material for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, and the composite microbial fertilizer is prepared and produced by using the rice straw biogas residues, thereby realizing the field leaving treatment of the rice straws in the reservoir area of the water source and the development and utilization of high value-added fertilizer products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the preparation method of the rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified. The following examples illustrate the ability of the present invention to produce a composite microbial fertilizer on different process scales, from both pilot scale and engineering scale, without in any way limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention relates to a preparation method of a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment of rice straw
In the modern agricultural park of Qingpu district of Shanghai city, 6 tons of rice straw are harvested before and after 11 months. Firstly, kneading and grinding the rice straws to the particle size of 1-3cm, then spraying river water (the dosage of 180L per 1 ton of rice straws) for pretreatment, stacking and storing in a sealed way, and effectively storing the rice straws in a yellow way: leveling the ground, paving an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) impermeable film with the thickness not less than 1.2mm, compacting and stacking the crushed rice straws sprayed with the pretreatment liquid, heightening the periphery, and compacting by using a sand bag to prevent air and rainwater from entering; the height of the stack is controlled to be about 4m, and the floor area of the single stack is controlled to be 20m2The storage time is controlled to be more than 30 d.
(II) Dry anaerobic fermentation
After 30 days of yellow storage, anaerobic fermentation treatment is carried out by adopting a self-made horizontal plug flow dry anaerobic fermentation reactor for daily treatment of 30kg/d rice straws. In the dry anaerobic fermentation starting stage, cow dung is added according to the inoculation proportion of 20 percent; in the stable operation process, the C/N ratio of the reaction materials is controlled to be not higher than 40:1The solid rate is 10-20%, the reaction temperature is controlled to be about 35 ℃ by heat preservation measures, and the material retention period is not less than 30 days. After 1 month, the system can run stably, the gas production of dry matters is more than 300L/kg TS and more than 70 percent of the theoretical gas production, and the methane CH4The content is stabilized to be more than 60 percent. And supplementing the dairy manure once every 1-2 months according to the gas production condition.
Discharging and solid-liquid separating: slag discharge is treated by solid-liquid separation, and a biogas slurry part (namely solid-liquid separation liquid) completely flows back to a feed end through a reflux pump; the solid part (namely the rice straw biogas residue) is used as the main raw material for producing the compound microbial fertilizer. After stable operation, 18-24 kg of rice straw biogas residues are discharged every day, and the solid content is 78% +/-5%.
(III) preparation of compound microbial fertilizer
Aerobic composting is carried out by utilizing the part of the rice straw biogas residues and the composite microbial fertilizer is prepared. Adding 5kg of bean cakes and 0.5kg of urea nitrogen source into every 100 kg of rice straw biogas residues, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residues to be 25: 1. and (3) piling the mixed compost materials for fermentation, piling the compost materials into a strip pile type compost with the height of 1.5 m and the width of 2m, further killing harmful bacteria, ova and the like in the materials through high-temperature decomposition, and simultaneously further degrading crude fibers in the biogas residues to promote humification of the materials. The temperature of the high-temperature aerobic composting is about 60 ℃. In the composting process, turning over the compost once every 10 days in a high-temperature period, and obtaining the fertilizer main raw material with the water content of 28.5-32.5% after 1 month and 3 high-temperature cycles. Then, the fertilizer main raw material with the water content of more than 30 percent is dried at high temperature until the water content is less than 30 percent, and the fertilizer main raw material is crushed and sieved by a 0.5mm sieve. And then adding three beneficial bacteria according to the proportion of 0.4 kg/ton of bacillus subtilis, 0.04 kg/ton of paenibacillus mucilaginosus and 0.04 kg/ton of trichoderma harzianum, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer product, and packaging by adopting a film-covered woven bag with the specification of 40 +/-2 kg/bag.
Through detection, the total number of beneficial bacteria of the composite microbial fertilizer product prepared by the steps is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 40%, the water content is less than or equal to 30.0%, the pH value is 5.5-8.5, the number of faecal escherichia coli is less than or equal to 100/g, the death rate of ascarid eggs is more than or equal to 95%, the contents of heavy metals of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead are respectively less than or equal to 2, 15, 3, 150 and 50mg/kg, and the requirements of bio-organic fertilizer standards (NY884-2012) are met.
Example 2
The invention relates to a preparation method of a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment of rice straw
The agricultural waste treatment center of the modern agricultural park in Qingpu district of Shanghai city has total investment of more than 2000 ten thousand yuan, is used for treating 12 tons/day in each day, is started up and constructed in 10 months in 2017 and is put into operation at the end of 2018, is the first agricultural waste treatment project taking rice straws as main fermentation raw materials in China, and adopts a horizontal baffling type anaerobic fermentation reactor as a fermentation process. 4000 tons of rice straws are harvested before and after 11 middle ten days each year.
Firstly, kneading and grinding rice straw to the particle size of 1-3cm, spraying 8 mg.L-1The calcium hydroxide solution (the dosage of each 1 ton of rice straw is 150L) is pretreated, the stack is stored in a closed way, and the straws are effectively stored in a yellow way: leveling the ground, paving an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) impermeable film with the thickness not less than 1.2mm, compacting and stacking the crushed rice straws sprayed with the pretreatment liquid, heightening the periphery, and compacting by using a sand bag to prevent air and rainwater from entering; the height of the stack is controlled to be about 4m, and the floor area of the single stack is controlled to be 20m2The storage time is controlled to be more than 30 d.
(II) Dry anaerobic fermentation
After 30 days of yellow storage, the mixture enters an anaerobic fermentation reactor in a treatment center for dry anaerobic fermentation treatment.
In the dry anaerobic fermentation starting stage, adding pig manure according to 20% of inoculation proportion; in the stable operation process, the C/N of the reaction materials is controlled to be not higher than 40:1, the solid content is 10-20%, the reaction temperature is controlled to be about 35 ℃ by heat preservation measures, and the material retention period is not less than 30 days. After 1 month, the system can run stably, the gas production of dry matters is more than 300L/kg TS and more than 70 percent of the theoretical gas production, and the methane CH4The content is stabilized to be more than 60 percent. Supplementing pig manure once every 1-2 months according to the gas production condition. After stable operation, the daily gas production is 2500m3All for generating electricityAmount 3750 kwh/d.
Discharging and solid-liquid separating: slag discharge is treated by solid-liquid separation, and a biogas slurry part (namely solid-liquid separation liquid) completely flows back to a feed end through a reflux pump; the solid part (namely the rice straw biogas residue) is used as the main raw material for producing the compound microbial fertilizer. The treatment center discharges 8-10 tons of rice straw biogas residues every day, and the solid content is 75.5-77.6%.
(III) preparation of compound microbial fertilizer
Aerobic composting is carried out by utilizing the part of the rice straw biogas residues and the composite microbial fertilizer is prepared. Adding 50 kg of bean cakes and 5kg of urea nitrogen source into each ton of rice straw biogas residues, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the biogas residues to be 25: about 1. And (3) piling the mixed compost materials for fermentation, piling the compost materials into a strip pile type compost with the height of 1.5 m and the width of 2m, further killing harmful bacteria, ova and the like in the materials through high-temperature decomposition, and simultaneously further degrading crude fibers in the biogas residues to promote humification of the materials. The temperature of the high-temperature aerobic composting is about 60 ℃. In the composting process, turning over the compost once every 10 days in a high-temperature period, and obtaining the fertilizer main raw material with the water content of 26.5-34.5% after 1 month and 3 high-temperature cycles. Then, the fertilizer main raw material with the water content of more than 30 percent is dried at high temperature until the water content is less than 30 percent, and the fertilizer main raw material is crushed and sieved by a 0.5mm sieve. And then adding three beneficial bacteria according to the proportion of 0.4 kg/ton of bacillus subtilis, 0.04 kg/ton of paenibacillus mucilaginosus and 0.04 kg/ton of trichoderma harzianum, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer product, and packaging by adopting a film-covered woven bag with the specification of 40 +/-2 kg/bag.
Through detection, the total number of beneficial bacteria of the composite microbial fertilizer product prepared by the steps is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 40%, the water content is less than or equal to 30.0%, the pH value is 5.5-8.5, the number of faecal escherichia coli is less than or equal to 100/g, the death rate of ascarid eggs is more than or equal to 95%, the degradation rate of hemicellulose is about 10%, the contents of heavy metals of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead are respectively less than or equal to 2, 15, 3, 150 and 50mg/kg, and the requirements of a bio-organic fertilizer standard (NY884-2012) are.
Example 3
The preparation method of the rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer is basically the same as the embodiment 1, but does not adopt the steps ofThe method is characterized in that: in the step (one), the spraying concentration of the pretreatment is 5 mg.L per 1 ton of rice straws-1160ml of calcium hydroxide solution; in the step (II), in the dry anaerobic fermentation starting stage, adding pig manure according to the inoculation proportion of 22 percent; the reaction temperature is about 36 ℃; supplementing pig manure once every 1-2 months according to the gas production condition; in the step (III), 3 kg of bean cakes and 0.3 kg of urea nitrogen source are added into every 100 kg of the rice straw biogas residues, and the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residues is adjusted to be 30: 1 or so; the temperature of the high-temperature aerobic compost is about 65 ℃; three kinds of beneficial bacteria were added in a ratio of 0.2 kg/ton of Bacillus subtilis, 0.02 kg/ton of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and 0.02 kg/ton of Trichoderma harzianum.
Example 4
The invention discloses a preparation method of a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer, which is basically the same as the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that: in the step (one), 200ml of river water is sprayed on every 1 ton of rice straws in the pretreatment; in the step (II), in the dry anaerobic fermentation starting stage, cow dung is added according to the inoculation proportion of 18 percent; the reaction temperature is about 32 ℃; supplementing pig manure once every 1-2 months according to the gas production condition; in the step (III), every 100 kg of the rice straw biogas residues are added with 4kg of bean cakes and 0.4kg of urea-state nitrogen source, and the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residues is adjusted to be 28: 1 or so; the temperature of the high-temperature aerobic compost is about 55 ℃; three kinds of beneficial bacteria were added in a ratio of 0.5 kg/ton of Bacillus subtilis, 0.05 kg/ton of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and 0.05 kg/ton of Trichoderma harzianum.
Example 5 (comparative experiment for potted plant applications)
In the modern agricultural park of Qingpu district, 3 optimization groups and 3 comparison groups are respectively arranged through a Chinese little greens pot experiment, each pot is planted with 3.0kg of soil, and 30 seeds are uniformly sown. Compared with 3 control groups, namely a conventional fertilization scheme (applying a conventional fertilizer), the yield, soil organic matter and soil respiration content index changes of the harvested Chinese little greens treated differently in the 3 optimization groups, namely the optimization fertilization scheme (applying the compound microbial fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention) are shown in table 1. The results show that the yield of the single-season Chinese little greens can be increased by more than 6.0% by using the composite microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention, and the soil organic matter and the respiration degree after the rice is harvested are both increased by more than 6.0%.
TABLE 1 analysis of the results of the Chinese little greens potting test
*The conventional fertilization scheme is as follows: (1) base fertilizer, BB fertilizer (24-8-10)5 g/pot; (2) topdressing 1, 3 days after germination, 3 g of urea per pot; (3) topdressing 1, 10 days after germination, 5 g of urea per pot.
**The optimized fertilization scheme is as follows: (1) 12 g of base fertilizer, namely biogas residue composite microbial fertilizer (15-4-4) per basin; (2) topdressing 1, 3 days after germination, 3 g of urea per pot; (3) topdressing 1, 10 days after germination, 5 g of urea per pot.
Example 6 (field application comparative test)
In the modern agricultural park of Qingpu district, 3 rice planting districts with the area of 3.0 mu are respectively set as 3 optimization groups and 3 comparison groups. Compared with the 3 control groups, namely the conventional fertilization scheme (applying the conventional fertilizer), the optimized fertilization scheme (applying the compound microbial fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention) of the 3 optimization groups shows that the indexes of the yield of the rice, the organic matters in the soil and the respiration degree content of the soil in different treatment cells after the rice is harvested are changed as shown in table 2. The results show that the yield of the rice can be increased by more than 3.0% by using the composite microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention, and the soil organic matter and the respiration degree after the rice is harvested are increased by more than 5.5%.
TABLE 2 analysis of rice field plot test results
*The conventional fertilization scheme is as follows: (1) base fertilizer, BB fertilizer (24-8-10)25 kg/mu; (2) 1, tillering fertilizer, and 10 kilograms of urea per mu 7 days after transplanting; (3)tillering fertilizer 2, and after 17 days of transplanting, urea 10 kg/mu; (4) spike fertilizer, 8 months earlier, urea 10 kg/mu.
**The optimized fertilization scheme is as follows: (1) 60 kilograms/mu of base fertilizer, namely biogas residue composite microbial fertilizer (15-4-4); (2) 1, tillering fertilizer, and 4 kilograms of urea per mu 7 days after transplanting; (3) tillering fertilizer 2, and 5 kilograms of urea per mu 17 days after transplanting; (4) spike fertilizer, 8 months earlier, 6 kg/mu urea.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer is characterized in that the straw biogas residue is used as a main raw material for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, and the straw biogas residue is used for preparing the composite microbial fertilizer; the method comprises the following steps: after harvesting and crushing the rice straws, spraying pretreatment liquid for pretreatment, and stacking, sealing and storing for more than 30 days; then, performing dry anaerobic fermentation, wherein in the stable operation process of the dry anaerobic fermentation, the C/N of the reaction material is controlled to be not higher than 40:1, the solid content is 10-20%, and the retention period of the material is not less than 30 days; then, performing solid-liquid separation on the discharged material after anaerobic fermentation, and controlling the solid content of the solid part, namely the rice straw biogas residue to be more than 75%; the method comprises the following steps of taking rice straw biogas residues obtained through solid-liquid separation after anaerobic fermentation as main raw materials for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residues to 25-30: after 1, performing high-temperature aerobic composting for more than 30 days in a strip pile manner, controlling the water content to be below 30%, and crushing; and then adding three beneficial bacteria according to the proportion of 0.2-0.5 kg/ton of bacillus subtilis, 0.02-0.05 kg/ton of bacillus mucilaginosus and 0.02-0.05 kg/ton of trichoderma harzianum, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pretreatment of rice straw
1) Harvesting and crushing rice straws: harvesting rice according to the local crop growth season rule, packaging and transporting rice straws to a plurality of suitable positions of open lands, immediately crushing the rice straws until the grain size is less than or equal to 3cm, and performing dispersed stacking for later use;
2) spraying a pretreatment solution: stacking the crushed rice straws according to the terrain, and uniformly spraying pretreatment liquid in the process; the dosage of the pretreatment liquid is controlled according to the dry and wet degree of the rice straw raw material, and the dosage of each 1 ton of rice straw is not more than 200L;
3) the stack is stored hermetically: leveling the ground, paving an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) impermeable film with the thickness not less than 1.2mm, compacting and stacking the crushed rice straws sprayed with the pretreatment liquid, and heightening and compacting the periphery of the crushed rice straws;
(II) Dry anaerobic fermentation
1) Screw propulsion feeding: establishing a horizontal plug-flow dry anaerobic fermentation project taking rice straws as main fermentation materials and a matched biogas utilization system and a biogas residue composting place, and determining daily processing capacity; after the rice straw is subjected to yellow storage pretreatment for 30 days, the rice straw is transported to a treatment center through a vehicle and is sent into a dry anaerobic fermentation tank through a screw feeder;
2) dry anaerobic fermentation: in the dry anaerobic fermentation starting stage, livestock and poultry manure is added according to the inoculation proportion of 18-22 percent; in the stable operation process, the C/N of the reaction material is controlled to be not higher than 40:1, the solid content is controlled to be 10-20%, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 32-36 ℃, and the material retention period is not less than 30 days; in the stable operation stage, livestock and poultry manure is supplemented once every 1-2 months according to the gas production condition;
3) discharging solid-liquid separation: slag discharge is treated by solid-liquid separation, and a biogas slurry part completely reflows to a feed end through a reflux pump; the solid part, namely the rice straw biogas residue, is used as a main raw material for producing the composite microbial fertilizer, and the solid content is controlled to be more than 75 percent;
(III) preparation of compound microbial fertilizer
1) Feed nitrogen supplementation: the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residue is adjusted to be 25-30 by adding bean cakes and urea nitrogen sources: 1, as compost material;
2) high-temperature aerobic composting: stacking and fermenting the mixed compost materials, further killing harmful bacteria and worm eggs in the materials through high-temperature decomposition, and simultaneously further degrading crude fibers in the rice straw biogas residues to promote humification of the materials; turning the compost once every a certain time in the high-temperature composting process, and obtaining a fertilizer main raw material with the water content of 28.5-32.5% after high-temperature composting for 1 month;
3) beneficial agent addition: drying the fertilizer main raw material with the water content of more than 30% to the water content of less than 30%, and then crushing; then, adding three beneficial bacteria according to the proportion of 0.2-0.5 kg/ton of bacillus subtilis, 0.02-0.05 kg/ton of bacillus mucilaginosus and 0.02-0.05 kg/ton of trichoderma harzianum, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer.
3. The method for preparing the rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 3) of the step (I), the stacking height is controlled to be about 4m, and the floor area of a single stack is controlled to be 20m2The storage time is controlled to be more than 30 d.
4. The method for preparing a rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 2) of the step (I), the pretreatment liquid is river water or has a concentration of not more than 10 mg-L-1The calcium hydroxide solution of (1).
5. The method for preparing a rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 2) of the step (two), livestock and poultry manure is added in an inoculation ratio of 20%; in the stable operation stage, the biogas yield is not less than 300m3And (6) TS, supplementing pig manure once every 1-2 months according to the gas production condition.
6. The method for preparing a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2 or 5, wherein the livestock manure is pig manure or cow manure.
7. The method for preparing the rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that,
in the step 1) of the step (three), bean cakes and urea-state nitrogen sources are added into the rice straw biogas residues, 50 kg of bean cakes and 5kg of urea-state nitrogen sources are added into each ton of rice straw biogas residues, and the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the rice straw biogas residues is adjusted to be 25: 1.
8. the method for preparing the rice straw biogas residue based composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 2) of the step (three), the compost is piled up in a strip pile type with the height of 1.5 m and the width of 2 m; the temperature of the high-temperature aerobic composting is 55-65 ℃; and turning the compost once every 10 days in the high-temperature composting process of the compost.
9. The method for preparing a rice straw biogas residue based compound microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 3) of the third step, the fertilizer main raw material with the water content of more than 30% is dried at high temperature until the water content is less than 30%, then crushed, and then sieved by a 0.5mm sieve.
10. The method for preparing a rice straw biogas residue-based composite microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 3) of the third step, three kinds of beneficial bacteria are added in a ratio of 0.4 kg/ton of Bacillus subtilis, 0.04 kg/ton of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and 0.04 kg/ton of Trichoderma harzianum.
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| CN113215201A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-06 | 重庆大学 | Coupling process for mixing pig manure with rice straw solid-state biogas fermentation and biogas residue aerobic composting |
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