CN111987435B - Low-profile dual-polarized antenna, array antenna and wireless communication equipment - Google Patents
Low-profile dual-polarized antenna, array antenna and wireless communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111987435B CN111987435B CN202010629631.5A CN202010629631A CN111987435B CN 111987435 B CN111987435 B CN 111987435B CN 202010629631 A CN202010629631 A CN 202010629631A CN 111987435 B CN111987435 B CN 111987435B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-profile dual-polarized antenna, an array antenna and wireless communication equipment, wherein the dual-polarized antenna comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric substrate, a second metal layer, a second dielectric substrate, a third metal layer, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth metal layer which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom; the first metal layer is provided with dual-polarized microstrip antenna units; the third metal layer is provided with a dual-polarized feed network; the second metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit, and the fourth metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized feed network. The invention has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, low cost, small volume, light weight and mature process, and can meet the application requirements of 5G millimeter wave communication equipment on large-scale market.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a low-profile dual-polarized antenna, an array antenna and wireless communication equipment.
Background
With the development of 5G communication technology, in order to overcome the problem of shortage of sub-6G spectrum resources, millimeter waves have significant advantages in large bandwidth and high-rate communication. However, in the 5G millimeter wave band, the spatial loss of electromagnetic wave signals is large, and the propagation path is short, so that a millimeter wave high-gain high-directivity array antenna is required. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of the market on large-scale application of the 5G millimeter wave, the 5G millimeter wave array antenna needs to meet the requirements of small size, light weight, low cost and mature and reliable process.
The dual-polarized array antenna can simultaneously receive or transmit signals with two polarization modes vertical to each other, and the signals do not interfere with each other, so that the number of the antennas can be reduced, and the space occupied by the antennas can be saved. At the same time, polarization diversity is provided to combat multipath fading and increase channel capacity.
However, millimeter wave dual-polarized array antennas are rare in the market at present, the dual-polarized array antennas suitable for 5G millimeter wave communication are mostly in the pre-research stage, millimeter wave single-polarized array antennas are common, and the requirement of hybrid-Beamforming application scene MIMO communication is met through two array antennas with different polarizations, but the number of antennas is large, and the design of equipment miniaturization is not facilitated. In the aspect of process implementation, the millimeter wave array antenna adopting the LTCC process has relatively low process maturity and high cost, and has great limitation on large-scale application of 5G millimeter wave communication.
The invention discloses a Chinese patent publication No. CN109066063, and discloses a low-profile LTCC millimeter wave dual-polarized array antenna. The design of the patent is suitable for adopting an LTCC structure, the cost is high, the process maturity is low relative to HDI, and the large-scale market application is difficult to meet.
The invention discloses a Chinese patent publication No. CN 109921187A and discloses a millimeter wave dual-polarized antenna and an array antenna, which adopt SIW and SIEW structures, and design a dual-polarized array subunit according to different interlayer feeding.
Therefore, in order to meet the large-scale application of 5G millimeter wave communication, a solution of a dual-polarized array antenna with low cost, small volume, light weight and mature process realization is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, it is a first object of the present invention to provide a low-profile dual-polarized antenna.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide an array antenna.
It is a third object of the present invention to provide a wireless communication device.
The first purpose of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-profile dual-polarized antenna comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric substrate, a second metal layer, a second dielectric substrate, a third metal layer, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth metal layer which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom;
the first metal layer is provided with dual-polarized microstrip antenna units;
the third metal layer is provided with a dual-polarized feed network;
the second metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit, and the fourth metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized feed network.
The dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit comprises two antenna subunits, and the two antenna subunits are the same in structural size.
The antenna subunit comprises a square patch, semicircular gaps are formed in four sides of the square patch, a feed disc is arranged in each gap for side coupling feed, and a metalized through hole is formed in the center of the feed disc and connected with a dual-polarization feed network, so that feed to the feed disc is achieved.
The dual-polarization feed network is specifically a one-to-two antenna subunit feed network, each antenna subunit feed network comprises a + 45-degree feed network and a-45-degree feed network, the two + 45-degree feed networks are respectively connected with two output ends of the first one-to-two power divider, and an excitation port is arranged at the input end of the first one-to-two power divider;
the two-45-degree feed networks are respectively connected with two output ends of the second one-in-two power divider, an excitation port is arranged at the input end of the second one-in-two power divider, metalized through holes are arranged at two ends of the + 45-degree feed network and the-45-degree feed network, and the feed line penetrates through the second metal layer through the metalized through holes to be connected with the antenna subunit.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent antenna sub-units is 0.5 wavelength.
Preferably, the second metal layer is provided with a metalized via corresponding to the first metal layer, and the feeder line is connected to the first metal layer through the metalized via.
Preferably, the second metal layer is provided with a disk at the corresponding position of the metalized via hole, so as to avoid short circuit between the metalized via hole and the antenna ground.
Preferably, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate is 38mil, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate is less than one eighth wavelength.
The second purpose of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an array antenna comprises N low-profile dual-polarized antennas, wherein N is a natural number.
The third purpose of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wireless communication device comprising the array antenna.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can adopt a mature HDI process and realize a dual-polarized array antenna based on a novel dual-polarized sub-array unit;
the invention can realize broadband characteristics, and cover 5GNRn258 frequency bands of 24.25 GHz-27.5 GHz;
the invention has low cost, small volume and light weight; can meet the large-scale market demand of 5G millimeter wave communication equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multilayer HDI PCB stack-up of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual polarized microstrip antenna unit of the present invention;
figure 4 is a schematic view of a reference ground plane for a dual polarized microstrip antenna element of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the dual polarization feed network of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna structure according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a port return loss simulation curve of the dual-polarized feed network according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8(a) to 8(d) are schematic diagrams of the gain directions of the array antenna of example 8 × 16, respectively.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a low-profile dual-polarized antenna includes a four-layer HDI PCB board lamination structure, but is not limited to four layers, and the number of the laminations can be adjusted according to actual needs. The present embodiment sequentially includes, from top to bottom, a first metal layer 101, a first dielectric substrate 105, a second metal layer 102, a second dielectric substrate 106, a third metal layer 103, a third dielectric substrate 107, and a fourth metal layer 104; the first metal layer is provided with dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, the third metal layer is provided with a dual-polarized feed network, the second metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, and the fourth metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized feed network.
The PCB board selects a high-frequency low-loss board, and the loss of the antenna feeder line and the radiation unit is reduced. Meanwhile, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 105 is required to satisfy the radiation characteristics (e.g., antenna gain, radiation efficiency, etc.) of the antenna unit, and the thickness of this embodiment is about 38 mils. The thicknesses of the second dielectric substrate 106 and the third dielectric substrate 107 may not be too thick, so as to prevent the millimeter wave transmission line from generating a stray mode, which is generally less than one eighth of a wavelength.
As shown in fig. 3, the dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit includes two antenna sub-units 202, and the two antenna sub-units have the same structural size, and the sizes of the two antenna sub-units can be adjusted according to actual requirements. In this embodiment, two antenna subunits are spaced at a certain distance and horizontally arranged, each antenna subunit includes a square patch, semicircular gaps are formed in four sides of each square patch, the semicircular gaps are arranged at midpoints of the four sides, each gap is provided with a feed disc 203 for side coupling feeding, the feed discs are not in contact with the square patches, and metallized via holes 201 are arranged in the center of each feed disc and connected with a dual-polarization feed network, so that feeding of the feed discs is realized. The spacing 206 between the two antenna sub-units is typically about one-half wavelength and may be adjusted according to beam scanning and sidelobe suppression requirements.
The side length of the square patch is 0.25-0.3 working wavelength, and under the size, the antenna has wider beam width, so that the requirement of array large-angle scanning is met.
The four sides of the square patch are provided with semicircular gaps for arranging the feed discs to carry out side coupling feed, and the bandwidth of the antenna can be greatly widened by using a coupling feed mode, so that the bandwidth requirement of a 5G millimeter wave frequency band is met.
As shown in fig. 4, the second metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit, a metalized via hole is formed at a corresponding position of the metalized via hole of the second metal layer and the metalized via hole of the first metal layer, and is electrically connected with the metalized via hole of the first metal layer, when the PCB is processed, the metalized via hole is located on a pad 303 of the second metal layer, and a circle 302 is hollowed out on the ground of the antenna in the embodiment, which is about avoiding of a signal hole and a disc, so as to avoid short circuit of a signal line.
As shown in fig. 5, the dual-polarization feed network is specifically a one-drive-two antenna subunit feed network, the two antenna subunit feed networks have the same structure, each antenna subunit feed network includes a +45 ° feed network 401 and a-45 ° feed network 409, the two +45 ° feed networks are respectively connected to two output ends of the first one-to-two power divider 402, an excitation port 403 is disposed at an input end of the first one-to-two power divider, and the first one-to-two power divider completes the combination of the one-drive-two +45 ° feed networks by connecting the +45 ° feed networks of the two antenna subunits.
The two-45-degree feed networks are respectively connected with two output ends of the second one-in-two power divider 410 to complete the combination of the one-drive-two + 45-degree sub-array units, the input end of the second one-in-two power divider is provided with an excitation port 404, metallized through holes are arranged at two ends of the + 45-degree feed network and the-45-degree feed network, the feeder line penetrates through the second metal layer through the metallized through holes to be connected with the antenna sub-units, and the dual-polarization one-drive-two sub-array feed network completes the design on the same PCB metal layer, so that the number of PCB lamination requirements is reduced, and the HDI process design difficulty is reduced.
The + 45-degree feed network and the-45-degree feed network are S-shaped and U-shaped respectively, and the layout can ensure that the two polarized feed networks are laid on the same metal layer, and the lines are not crossed, so that the number of layers of required laminated layers is reduced, and the cost and the system complexity are reduced. The phase difference of the two output ends of the feed network is 180 degrees, so that the differential feed of the antenna is realized.
In this embodiment, the + 45-degree feed network is an S-shape formed by five branches, and an included angle between two adjacent branches is 90 degrees. The-45-degree feed network is U-shaped formed by five branches, and one part of the S shape is arranged in the opening of the U shape. The feed networks of the two subunits are arranged horizontally.
As shown in fig. 6, the array antenna formed by the dual-polarized antenna includes N antennas, and in this embodiment, the array antenna is formed by 8 × 16 antennas, the horizontal distance between two adjacent antennas is 0.5 wavelength, the azimuth plane array pitch is 0.5 wavelength, the pitch plane beam direction of the array antenna can reach ± 15 °, and the azimuth plane beam direction can reach ± 60 °. The whole array antenna is rectangular, the length of the long side of the antenna is about 80mm, and the length of the short side of the antenna is about 40mm
The simulation performance of the dual-polarization feed network of this embodiment is shown in fig. 7, because the antenna is a dual-polarization antenna, there are two excitation ports 403 and 404, which correspond to two return loss curves of port 1 and port 2, respectively. In the frequency band range of 5GNR n 25824.25-27.5 GHz, the return loss is better than-15 dB, and the performance is excellent.
Fig. 8(a) to 8(d) show the antenna gain patterns of the 8 x 16 array of this embodiment. Fig. 8(a) and 8(b) show 0 ° azimuth plane and elevation plane array gain patterns, respectively, fig. 8(c) shows a beam directivity pattern of ± 15 ° in elevation plane, and fig. 8(d) shows a beam directivity pattern of ± 60 ° in azimuth plane. According to the simulation, the performance of the array antenna of the present embodiment is shown in table 1 below.
Table 18 x 16 dual polarized array antenna performance
The dual-polarized array antenna has the advantages of wide bandwidth, low cost, small size, light weight and mature process, and can meet the application requirements of 5G millimeter wave communication equipment on large-scale market. Although the present embodiment is described with a dual-polarized array formed by one-driving-two sub-array units, the array antenna that can be formed by dual-polarized single-array sub-units provided by the present invention is also within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 2
A wireless communication device comprises an array antenna, wherein the array antenna is composed of N low-profile dual-polarized antennas, and the N dual-polarized antennas are arranged in an array.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A low-profile dual-polarized antenna is characterized by comprising a first metal layer, a first dielectric substrate, a second metal layer, a second dielectric substrate, a third metal layer, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth metal layer which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom;
the first metal layer is provided with dual-polarized microstrip antenna units;
the third metal layer is provided with a dual-polarized feed network;
the second metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit, and the fourth metal layer is a reference ground plane of the dual-polarized feed network;
the dual-polarization feed network is specifically a one-to-two antenna subunit feed network, each antenna subunit feed network comprises a + 45-degree feed network and a-45-degree feed network, the two + 45-degree feed networks are respectively connected with two output ends of the first one-to-two power divider, and an excitation port is arranged at the input end of the first one-to-two power divider;
the two-45-degree feed networks are respectively connected with two output ends of the second one-in-two power divider, an excitation port is arranged at the input end of the second one-in-two power divider, metalized through holes are arranged at two ends of the + 45-degree feed network and the-45-degree feed network, and the feeder line penetrates through a second metal layer through the metalized through holes to be connected with the dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit;
the dual-polarized antenna unit comprises two antenna subunits, the two antenna subunits are the same in structural size, each antenna subunit comprises a square patch, semicircular notches are formed in four sides of each square patch, each semicircular notch is provided with a feed disc for side coupling feed, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened by using a coupling feed mode, and the bandwidth requirement of a 5G millimeter wave frequency band is met.
2. A low-profile dual polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein a metalized via hole is disposed at a central position of the feeding disk and connected to a dual polarized feeding network, so as to feed the feeding disk.
3. A low-profile, dual polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent antenna sub-elements is 0.5 wavelength.
4. A low-profile, dual polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein said second metal layer is provided with a metallized via corresponding to the first metal layer, through which the feed line is connected to the first metal layer.
5. A low-profile dual polarized antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second metal layer is cut out of a circular disk at a position corresponding to the plated through hole to prevent the plated through hole from being short-circuited to the ground of the antenna.
6. A low-profile dual polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate has a thickness of 38 mils, and the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate have a thickness of less than one eighth wavelength.
7. An array antenna comprising a low-profile dual polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising N low-profile dual polarized antennas, N being a natural number.
8. A wireless communication device comprising the array antenna of claim 7.
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| CN202010629631.5A CN111987435B (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Low-profile dual-polarized antenna, array antenna and wireless communication equipment |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112688086B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-01-24 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Dual-polarized integrated lens antenna |
| CN112736443B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2023-01-13 | 北京东方计量测试研究所 | Multi-layer board antenna |
| CN112768893B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-07-18 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Mobile communication antenna |
| CN112909512B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-02 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Ultra-wideband antenna and antenna array |
| CN113764892A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-07 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Millimeter wave antenna, antenna array, antenna module and electronic equipment |
| CN113764861B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2024-03-01 | 安徽大学 | Broadband 5G millimeter wave communication base station antenna |
| CN113948858A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-18 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Printed board antenna |
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