CN214477926U - Array antenna and waveguide conversion device - Google Patents
Array antenna and waveguide conversion device Download PDFInfo
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- CN214477926U CN214477926U CN202120936964.2U CN202120936964U CN214477926U CN 214477926 U CN214477926 U CN 214477926U CN 202120936964 U CN202120936964 U CN 202120936964U CN 214477926 U CN214477926 U CN 214477926U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an array antenna and waveguide conversion equipment, including a plurality of antenna element, antenna element includes: the radiation units are arranged in a second preset array on the same plane; the radiation unit includes: the radiation layer, the feed layer and the bottom layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the feed layer comprises an upper substrate, a middle layer structure and a lower substrate, wherein the upper substrate and the lower substrate are both provided with a microstrip line structure, two sides of the middle layer structure are both provided with grooves, and the grooves are matched with the microstrip line structure; one surface of the radiation layer adjacent to the feed layer and one surface of the bottom layer adjacent to the feed layer are both provided with grooves which are matched with the microstrip line structure; the groove on the radiation layer and the corresponding microstrip line form a first feed network, and the groove on the bottom layer and the corresponding microstrip line structure form a second feed network; the utility model discloses a mode of microstrip + waveguide has realized extensive, double polarization, receiving and dispatching sharing, low loss, the high efficiency of antenna array, has improved antenna efficiency and antenna bore efficiency and has reached 90%.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of array antenna, concretely relates to array antenna and waveguide conversion equipment.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing of natural disasters, particularly after Wenchuan earthquake in China, the satellite communication technology shows great superiority in earthquake relief. Therefore, the current civil field and military field have great demands for satellite communication terminals. The ground terminal antenna of the existing satellite communication mainly adopts a parabolic antenna form, and the antenna has high efficiency characteristic, but has large volume and heavy weight, and cannot meet new application requirements, such as portable satellite communication terminal equipment and the like. Compared with a parabolic antenna, the microstrip planar array antenna has the advantages of low profile, light weight, easiness in conformal and the like, and is very suitable for a low-profile satellite communication system.
In the related art, array antennas are a new direction of antenna research, and the so-called array is not a familiar array of antennas but an array of antennas. The selection and design of the antenna units of the array antenna are particularly important in array design, the characteristics of the antenna units greatly limit the realization performance of the whole array, and the traditional array antenna utilizes a printed circuit technology, a waveguide technology and a microstrip geometric structure and is connected through a feed network, so that the electromagnetic radiation characteristic of the antenna can meet the expected characteristic. In the prior art, the selectable antenna units of the common array antenna are in the forms of microstrip and waveguide slot antennas, but the antenna generally works in the wave bands of C, Ku, Ka, and the like, so that the microstrip antenna has large loss and low radiation efficiency. The waveguide slot antenna can work efficiently in high-frequency bands such as Ku and Ka, but it is very difficult to form dual polarization.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the present invention is directed to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide an array antenna and a waveguide switching device, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to form a dual-polarized array antenna.
In order to realize the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: an array antenna and waveguide conversion device, comprising: a plurality of antenna units arranged in a first predetermined array on a same plane, the antenna units comprising:
the radiation units are arranged in a second preset array on the same plane; the radiation unit includes: the radiation layer, the feed layer and the bottom layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the feed layer comprises an upper substrate, a middle layer structure and a lower substrate, wherein the upper substrate and the lower substrate are both provided with a microstrip line structure, two sides of the middle layer structure are both provided with grooves, and the grooves are matched with the microstrip line structure;
grooves which are matched with the microstrip line structure in a real mode are formed in one surface, adjacent to the feed layer, of the radiation layer and one surface, adjacent to the feed layer, of the bottom layer;
the grooves on the radiation layer and the corresponding microstrip lines form a first feed network, and the grooves on the bottom layer and the corresponding microstrip line structures form a second feed network.
Further, the first feed network is polarized orthogonally to the second feed network.
Furthermore, the radiation units arranged in a second preset array form the first feed network and the second feed network in the feed layer, wherein the left radiation unit and the right radiation unit of one feed network adopt equal-radiation in-phase feed, and the upper radiation unit and the lower radiation unit adopt equal-radiation reverse-phase feed; the left and right radiation units of the other feed network adopt equal-radiation reverse-phase feed, and the upper and lower radiation units adopt equal-radiation in-phase feed.
Furthermore, the microstrip line structure and each groove form a microstrip line shielding cavity.
Furthermore, the radiation units arranged in a second preset array on the same plane are formed in a series feeding mode, a parallel feeding mode or a series/parallel feeding mode.
Furthermore, a space cavity formed by the radiation layer and the feed layer and a space cavity formed by the feed layer and the bottom layer are tuning air cavities.
Furthermore, the antenna unit adopts a square waveguide radiation cavity.
An embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide conversion apparatus, including a plurality of array antennas according to any one of the above embodiments.
The utility model adopts the above technical scheme, the beneficial effect that can reach includes:
the application provides an array antenna and waveguide conversion equipment, including a plurality of antenna element, antenna element includes: the radiation units are arranged in a second preset array on the same plane; the radiation unit includes: the radiation layer, the feed layer and the bottom layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the feed layer comprises an upper substrate, a middle layer structure and a lower substrate, wherein the upper substrate and the lower substrate are both provided with a microstrip line structure, two sides of the middle layer structure are both provided with grooves, and the grooves are matched with the microstrip line structure; one surface of the radiation layer adjacent to the feed layer and one surface of the bottom layer adjacent to the feed layer are both provided with grooves which are matched with the microstrip line structure; the groove on the radiation layer and the corresponding microstrip line form a first feed network, and the groove on the bottom layer and the corresponding microstrip line structure form a second feed network; the utility model discloses a mode of microstrip + waveguide has realized extensive, double polarization, receiving and dispatching sharing, low loss, the high efficiency of antenna array, has improved antenna efficiency and antenna bore efficiency and has reached 90%.
The utility model adopts the above technical scheme, the beneficial effect that can reach includes:
an array antenna and waveguide conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of antenna units, where each antenna unit includes: the radiation units are arranged in a second preset array on the same plane; the radiation unit includes: the radiation layer, the feed layer and the bottom layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the feed layer comprises an upper substrate, a middle layer structure and a lower substrate, wherein the upper substrate and the lower substrate are both provided with a microstrip line structure, two sides of the middle layer structure are both provided with grooves, and the grooves are matched with the microstrip line structure; one surface of the radiation layer adjacent to the feed layer and one surface of the bottom layer adjacent to the feed layer are both provided with grooves which are matched with the microstrip line structure; the groove on the radiation layer and the corresponding microstrip line form a first feed network, and the groove on the bottom layer and the corresponding microstrip line structure form a second feed network; the utility model discloses a mode of microstrip + waveguide has realized extensive, double polarization, receiving and dispatching sharing, low loss, the high efficiency of antenna array, has improved antenna efficiency and antenna bore efficiency and has reached 90%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed layer provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit provided by the present invention with the radiation layer and the upper substrate removed;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a side of the radiation layer adjacent to the feed layer provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom layer provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the substrate and the microstrip line structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 7 is an antenna array of the series-fed and shunt-fed combination method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
A specific cross-polarization array antenna and a waveguide switching device provided in the embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the orthogonal polarization array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: a plurality of antenna units 1 arranged in a first predetermined array on a same plane, the antenna units 1 comprising:
the radiation units 11 are arranged in a second preset array on the same plane; the radiation unit 11 includes: a radiation layer 111, a feed layer 112 and a bottom layer 113 which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence;
as shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a feeding layer, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an antenna unit with a radiation layer 111 and an exposed lower substrate of an upper substrate removed, where the feeding layer 112 includes an upper substrate 1121, a middle layer structure 1122, and a lower substrate 1123, microstrip line structures 101 are disposed on the upper substrate 1121 and the lower substrate 1123, grooves 102 are disposed on two sides of the middle layer structure 1122, and the grooves 102 are adapted to the microstrip line structures 101;
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a groove 103 adapted to the microstrip line structure 101 is disposed on one surface of the radiation layer 111 adjacent to the feed layer 112 and one surface of the bottom layer 113 adjacent to the feed layer 112;
the groove 103 on the radiation layer 111 and the corresponding microstrip line form a first feed network, and the groove 103 on the bottom layer 113 and the corresponding microstrip line structure 101 form a second feed network.
The working principle of the orthogonal polarization array antenna is as follows: every 2X2 radiating element 11 in this application is as basic antenna element 1, radiating element 11 has adopted 3 layers of structural design, 2 feed networks have been formed, structurally divide into radiation layer 111, feed layer 112, bottom 113, wherein feed layer 112 adds the microstrip line base plate of placing both sides by middle one deck two-sided groove structure and constitutes, between feed layer 112 and bottom 113 and radiation layer 111, all there is corresponding groove structure according to microstrip line structure 101 on the microstrip line base plate, the groove structure of microstrip line both sides forms microstrip shielding chamber, microstrip line structure 101 on the microstrip line base plate and the microstrip shielding chamber that corresponds constitute feed networks. The space cavity formed by the radiation layer 111, the feed layer 112 and the bottom layer 113 becomes a tuning air cavity, and the tuning air cavity can also generate a filtering effect because the design size of the tuning air cavity is matched with the corresponding frequency band. The radiation layer 111 is provided with a radiation surface, which can reflect electromagnetic waves and improve antenna gain. The horizontal bar in each square groove of the bottom layer 113 is a "short-circuit plane" parallel to one of the two feed networks, and the height of the horizontal bar is required to satisfy 1/4 that the distance between the feed network substrate parallel to the signal polarization direction is the wavelength of the signal frequency, and similarly, the horizontal bar is perpendicular to the signal polarization direction of the other feed network, so that the signal of the network perpendicular to the signal polarization direction on the parallel component can be attenuated, and the polarization isolation can be increased. For example, the upper layer feed network is a, the lower layer feed network is B, the short-circuit plane is parallel to a, when B transmits a signal, the signal resonates in the whole square waveguide radiation cavity, the short-circuit plane is perpendicular to B, and the signal component of the B signal in the direction not parallel to the short-circuit plane can be attenuated, so that the B signal is prevented from being coupled into the a signal, and the polarization isolation degree is increased.
The bottom layer 113 also has a groove structure, which is shaped to correspond to the microstrip line on the lower substrate 1123 of the feeding layer 112, and is used to form a feeding network with the microstrip line on the lower substrate 1123 of the feeding layer 112.
In some embodiments, the first feed network is polarized orthogonally to the second feed network.
Preferably, the radiation units 11 arranged in a second preset array form the first feed network and the second feed network in the feed layer 112, wherein the left and right radiation units 11 of one feed network adopt equal-radiation in-phase feed, and the upper and lower radiation units 11 adopt equal-radiation anti-phase feed; the left and right radiation units 11 of the other feed network adopt equal-radiation reverse-phase feed, and the upper and lower radiation units 11 adopt equal-radiation in-phase feed.
Specifically, each basic antenna unit 1 is in two feed networks formed on two sides of the feed layer 112, wherein the feed network on one side adopts equal-radiation in-phase feeding of the left and right units, and the upper and lower units adopt equal-radiation reverse-phase feeding; the left and right elements of the feed network on the other side of the feed layer 112 adopt equal-radiation opposite-phase feed of the left and right elements, and the upper and lower elements adopt equal-radiation in-phase feed. So that two orthogonal feed networks are formed on both sides of the feed layer 112, each feed network, in combination with the radiation layer 111 and the bottom layer 113, forming one 2 × 2 basic antenna element 1, so that the two basic antenna elements 1 share one plane and the polarizations of the two feed networks are orthogonal.
Each basic antenna unit 1 adopts a reverse feeding method, namely, each two adjacent units adopt a 0/180 reverse feeding method, and the reverse feeding method can improve the polarization isolation of the antenna in the basic unit and reduce the orthogonal polarization level in the main lobe. As shown in fig. 6, the phases of the signals of the upper left and right radiating elements are opposite, and the length of the right feeding network is increased in the composite feeding network of the left and right radiating elements, so that the phases of the right radiating elements are adjusted to be consistent with the phases of the elements, and because the phases of the two networks at the intersection point are the same, the same signal amplitudes can be superposed and amplified according to the difference principle, and simultaneously different signals are offset and attenuated, and the different signals mainly come from the signal of the other feeding layer 112, so that a greater isolation between the signals of the two feeding layers 112 is realized.
Preferably, the microstrip line structure 101 and each groove form a microstrip line shielding cavity.
Based on two 2X2 basic antenna units 1 formed on the same plane, the two basic antenna units 1 can work in different frequency bands, and for different frequency bands, the effect of adapting to different frequency bands can be achieved by adjusting the line width of the corresponding microstrip line, the size of the corresponding microstrip line shielding cavity and the size of each radiation unit 11, so that dual-band orthogonal polarization is formed in the 2X2 basic antenna unit 1 on the same plane.
Preferably, the radiation units 11 arranged in the second predetermined array on the same plane are formed in a series feeding manner, a parallel feeding manner or a series/parallel feeding manner.
Preferably, the space cavity formed by the radiation layer 111 and the feed layer 112, and the space cavity formed by the feed layer 112 and the bottom layer 113 are tuning air cavities.
Preferably, the antenna unit 1 adopts a square waveguide radiation cavity.
A large orthogonal polarization array antenna can be formed by arranging a plurality of basic antenna units 1 in an array according to MxN (M, N are natural integers) and synthesizing a large array through a feed network. The arrangement of the antenna units 1 considers the overall radiation efficiency of the two frequency bands, and finally selects proper vertical spacing and horizontal spacing. Finally, the antenna units 1 form a 4x4 array by adopting a series feeding, parallel feeding or combination of series and parallel feeding, and on the basis, an 8x8 array can be formed, and the like. The application can change different microstrip line widths, microstrip line slot widths and tuning air cavity sizes to different frequency bands.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, in the series feeding mode 1001 and the parallel feeding mode 1002, the lengths of the feeding paths of each antenna unit 1 in the parallel feeding mode 1002 are the same, so that it can be ensured that the phase and the signal excitation of each unit are equal, and even if the signal is a signal with a large bandwidth, the signal phase and the signal excitation of each antenna unit 1 are equal, so that the applicable bandwidth ratio of the parallel feeding mode is wide, but the loss caused by each stage of parallel feeding may cause a large-scale array to cause an increasingly large loss of the antenna as a whole, and meanwhile, in order to ensure that the signal paths of each antenna unit 1 are the same, the signal path of each antenna unit 1 may be lengthened, and the signal path of each antenna unit 1 is the longest path, and an excessively long signal transmission path may cause excessive signal attenuation, and the overall efficiency is reduced. Therefore, when a plurality of second preset arrays are arranged, the array can be performed in the mode when the number of the arrays is small and the arrays are special and wide-band;
the signal path length of each antenna unit 1 in the series feeding mode is different, the signal path from the signal synthesis end is shortest, the signal attenuation caused by the signal path can be reduced by the mode, the overall efficiency of the antenna is improved, but because the signal path length of each antenna unit 1 is different, the signal phases among the antenna units 1 are different inevitably, the signal phase of only one narrow frequency band can be kept basically consistent during array design, when broadband signals are met, the phase difference of signals with different frequencies is increased, and the signal attenuation is caused by the phase difference among the antenna units 1. Therefore, when a plurality of second preset arrays are arranged, when the number of the arrays is small and the arrays are special and narrow, the arrays can be arranged in the mode;
this patent adopts the mode through the combination of cluster and parallel, and the application is presented the mode and is reduced path transmission loss, reduces parallel loss simultaneously, increases the microstrip broken line simultaneously and adjusts the phase place between the unit is presented to the cluster, has avoided the loss that phase difference between different antenna element 1 brought. Meanwhile, the parallel feed mode is combined, the phenomenon that when too many serial feed connections lead to too long signal paths, the phase difference between the tail end antenna unit 1 and the near end antenna unit 1 is too large to cause loss is avoided, the antenna can adapt to broadband signals, loss is reduced, and the overall efficiency of the antenna is improved.
An embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide switching device, including a plurality of orthogonally polarized array antennas as described in any of the above embodiments.
Specifically, in the antenna array, each basic antenna unit 1 forms a final power distribution network, each final power distribution network has 2 primary power distribution networks and 1 secondary power distribution network, the power synthesis effect is achieved by changing the shape of the microstrip lines of the distribution networks, and finally the microstrip lines are synthesized to a microstrip probe-waveguide conversion device to form a waveguide cavity.
In the application, the dual feed network shares one radiation unit 11, the radiation unit 11 can realize multiple frequency bands, and a high-isolation polarized orthogonal dual feed network and an array feed network are formed, so that 2 antennas can be formed in a single radiation unit 11 to realize the receiving and transmitting sharing; by adjusting the shape of the microstrip line and the size of the microstrip shielding cavity, the mode of receiving and transmitting work at different frequency bands and microstrip plus waveguide can be realized, the size of the tuning air cavity can be flexibly adjusted, the efficiency of high-frequency-band work of the antenna is improved, the loss arrayed feed network is reduced, and the flexible formulation of the aperture and the shape of the antenna can be realized while the low-loss array is realized.
To sum up, the utility model provides an orthogonal polarization array antenna and waveguide conversion equipment, the utility model discloses a plurality of antenna element, antenna element includes: the radiation units are arranged in a second preset array on the same plane; the radiation unit includes: the radiation layer, the feed layer and the bottom layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the feed layer comprises an upper substrate, a middle layer structure and a lower substrate, wherein the upper substrate and the lower substrate are both provided with a microstrip line structure, two sides of the middle layer structure are both provided with grooves, and the grooves are matched with the microstrip line structure; grooves matched with the microstrip line structure are formed in one surface of the radiation layer adjacent to the feed layer and one surface of the bottom layer adjacent to the feed layer; the groove on the radiation layer and the corresponding microstrip line form a first feed network, and the groove on the bottom layer and the corresponding microstrip line structure form a second feed network; the utility model discloses a mode of microstrip + waveguide has realized extensive, double polarization, receiving and dispatching sharing, low loss, the high efficiency of antenna array, has improved antenna efficiency and antenna bore efficiency and has reached 90%.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. An array antenna, comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a first predetermined array on a same plane, the antenna elements comprising:
the radiation units are arranged in a second preset array on the same plane; the radiation unit includes: the radiation layer, the feed layer and the bottom layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the feed layer comprises an upper substrate, a middle layer structure and a lower substrate, wherein the upper substrate and the lower substrate are both provided with a microstrip line structure, two sides of the middle layer structure are both provided with grooves, and the grooves are matched with the microstrip line structure;
grooves which are matched with the microstrip line structure in a real mode are formed in one surface, adjacent to the feed layer, of the radiation layer and one surface, adjacent to the feed layer, of the bottom layer;
the grooves on the radiation layer and the corresponding microstrip lines form a first feed network, and the grooves on the bottom layer and the corresponding microstrip line structures form a second feed network.
2. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the first feed network is polarized orthogonally to the second feed network.
3. The array antenna of claim 2, wherein the radiating elements arranged in a second predetermined array are formed in the feeding layer to form the first feeding network and the second feeding network, wherein left and right radiating elements of one feeding network are fed with equal-radiation in-phase, and upper and lower radiating elements are fed with equal-radiation in-phase; the left and right radiation units of the other feed network adopt equal-radiation reverse-phase feed, and the upper and lower radiation units adopt equal-radiation in-phase feed.
4. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the microstrip line structure and each groove form a microstrip line shielding cavity.
5. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna elements arranged in the first predetermined array on the same plane are serially fed, parallelly fed or serially/parallelly fed.
6. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the spatial cavity formed by the radiating layer and the feed layer, and the spatial cavity formed by the feed layer and the bottom layer are tuning air cavities.
7. An array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the antenna elements employ a square waveguide radiating cavity.
8. A waveguide conversion device comprising a plurality of array antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120936964.2U CN214477926U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Array antenna and waveguide conversion device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202120936964.2U CN214477926U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Array antenna and waveguide conversion device |
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| CN214477926U true CN214477926U (en) | 2021-10-22 |
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| CN202120936964.2U Active CN214477926U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Array antenna and waveguide conversion device |
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