CN111541031A - Broadband low-profile transmission array antenna and wireless communication equipment - Google Patents
Broadband low-profile transmission array antenna and wireless communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111541031A CN111541031A CN202010298763.4A CN202010298763A CN111541031A CN 111541031 A CN111541031 A CN 111541031A CN 202010298763 A CN202010298763 A CN 202010298763A CN 111541031 A CN111541031 A CN 111541031A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband low-profile transmission array antenna and wireless communication equipment, which comprise a polarization selector and a polarization torsional reflection surface, wherein the polarization selector is positioned above the polarization torsional reflection surface, the polarization selector comprises a plurality of polarization selector units which are periodically arranged, the polarization torsional reflection surface comprises a plurality of polarization torsional reflection surface units which are periodically arranged, and the middle of the polarization torsional reflection surface is hollowed and used for placing a feed source loudspeaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless transmission, in particular to a broadband low-profile transmission array antenna and wireless communication equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication systems such as 5G mobile communication, radar, satellite, etc., high efficiency, wide band, high gain, low profile have become one of the development trends of modern millimeter wave antennas. The transmission array antenna has the characteristics of a low-profile microstrip array antenna and a high-gain reflector antenna, and has the advantages of high gain, simple feed, easiness in processing, low cost and the like. However, the conventional transmission array antenna has a narrow transmission array bandwidth because the phase curve of the array unit of the conventional transmission array antenna is mostly non-linear. Meanwhile, the large focal length also causes the section between the transmission array antenna feed source and the array surface to be higher, and the transmission array antenna feed source is not easy to integrate with other systems, so that the application of the transmission array antenna feed source in the current millimeter wave communication system is limited.
In recent years, based on technologies such as a branch-and-load patch, a multilayer frequency selection surface, a reconfigurable active phase shifter, and the like, a transmission array unit can obtain a wider bandwidth to a certain extent, but none of the transmission array units has polarization selection and polarization conversion capabilities, and it is difficult to reduce the overall cross section of a transmission array antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a broadband low-profile transmission array antenna based on a differential feed super-surface polarization selector, which can achieve a wider bandwidth at a lower profile.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a wireless transmission apparatus constituted by the broadband low-profile transmission array antenna.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the polarization selector is positioned above the polarization torsional reflection surface, the polarization selector comprises a plurality of polarization selector units which are periodically arranged, the polarization torsional reflection surface comprises a plurality of polarization torsional reflection surface units which are periodically arranged, and the middle of the polarization torsional reflection surface is hollowed for placing a feed source horn.
The polarization selector unit is of a multilayer stacked structure and sequentially comprises an upper super surface layer, an upper medium substrate, an upper metal stratum, a middle upper medium substrate, a middle layer, a middle lower medium substrate, a lower metal stratum, a lower medium substrate and a lower super surface layer from top to bottom, two coupling gaps are etched in the lower metal stratum and the upper metal stratum, two transmission lines are arranged in the middle layer, and a plurality of metal patches which are periodically arranged are arranged on the upper super surface layer and the lower super surface layer.
The two transmission lines are 180-degree rotationally symmetric about a center point of the middle layer.
Furthermore, matching branches are loaded at two ends of each transmission line.
The polarized torsional reflection surface unit comprises a medium substrate, wherein a metal patch layer is arranged on the upper surface of the medium substrate, and a metal stratum is arranged on the lower surface of the medium substrate.
The metal patch layer comprises at least two polarization torsion patches.
Furthermore, the two coupling gaps located in the lower metal layer are perpendicular to the two coupling gaps located in the upper metal layer.
The thickness of the medium substrate on the middle upper layer is equal to that of the medium substrate on the middle lower layer, and the thickness of the medium substrate on the upper layer is equal to that of the medium substrate on the lower layer.
The polarization torsion patch is a corner cut patch.
The other purpose of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wireless communication device includes a wideband low-profile transmit array antenna.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the super-surface polarization selector unit based on differential feed has the characteristics of reflecting energy in the X polarization direction and transmitting energy in the Y polarization direction, has better polarization selection characteristics, can be applied to a folded transmission array, and reduces the overall section of the array.
(2) The super-surface polarization selector unit based on differential feed has wider-1 dB transmission bandwidth.
(3) The differential feed-based super-surface polarization selector unit provided by the invention realizes phase adjustment of more than 360 degrees by using a true delay line, and can realize linear phase in a wider frequency band.
(4) The transmission array antenna based on the differential feed super-surface polarization selector can achieve 24% of-1 dB gain bandwidth.
(5) Due to the polarization selection characteristic of the transmission array antenna based on the differential feed super-surface polarization selector, the section can be reduced to one third by introducing the polarization torsional reflection surface.
(6) The transmission array antenna based on the differential feed super-surface polarization selector adopts the double-sided microwave dielectric plate, has simple structure, easy processing and relatively small cost and weight, and can be produced on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a polarization selector;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a polarized torsional reflective surface;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a polarization selector cell;
fig. 6 is a top view of the upper metal patch layer of fig. 5;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the upper metal formation of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the intermediate layer of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a top view of the lower metal ground of FIG. 5;
fig. 10 is a top view of the lower metal patch layer of fig. 5;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a polarized torsional reflective surface unit;
FIG. 12 is a top view of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a graphical illustration of the reflection, transmission characteristics and phase of the transmission characteristics of the polarization selector cell of the present invention as a function of frequency;
FIG. 14 is a graph of the transmission characteristics of different strip line lengths and the phase of the transmission characteristics as a function of frequency for a polarization selector cell of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a characteristic curve of a polarization twisted emission surface of the present invention at different incident angles;
FIG. 16 is a graph of the S parameter of the present invention;
FIGS. 17, 18 and 19 are the main and cross-polarized radiation patterns of the E-plane and H-plane of the present invention at 24GHz, 27GHz and 30GHz, respectively;
fig. 20 is a plot of gain versus frequency for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples
In this embodiment, the X-axis direction of the dielectric substrate is taken as the vertical direction, the Y-axis direction is taken as the horizontal direction, the origin point is the center point of the dielectric substrate,
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a broadband low-profile transmission array antenna includes two parts, namely a polarization selector and a polarization torsional reflection surface, wherein the polarization selector is disposed above the polarization torsional reflection surface through a support frame, in this embodiment, four plastic support frames are selected, the polarization torsional reflection surface is composed of a plurality of polarization torsional reflection surface units 2 which are periodically arranged, and the middle of the polarization torsional reflection surface is hollowed for placing a feed source horn.
The polarization selector is composed of a plurality of polarization selector units 1 which are periodically arranged, the polarization selector units are of a multilayer stacked structure and sequentially comprise an upper-layer super surface layer 11, an upper-layer medium substrate 10, an upper-layer metal stratum 9, a middle-layer upper-layer medium substrate 8, a middle layer 7, a middle-layer lower-layer medium substrate 6, a lower-layer metal stratum 5, a lower-layer medium substrate 4 and a lower-layer super surface layer 3 from top to bottom, two coupling gaps are etched in the lower-layer metal stratum and the upper-layer metal stratum, the middle layer is provided with two transmission lines 14, the length of the transmission lines can be adjusted, and the upper-layer super surface layer and the lower-layer super surface layer are respectively provided with a plurality of metal patches which are periodically.
Furthermore, in order to improve the impedance matching effect, matching branches are loaded at two ends of the two transmission lines, and the transmission lines can be strip lines, coaxial lines, parallel multi-conductor lines and the like. In the embodiment, the transmission lines are strip lines, the shapes of the strip lines are rectangular combinations with different lengths and widths, and in order to realize differential feeding, the two transmission lines are in 180-degree rotational symmetry about the center point of the polarization selector unit.
Further, the two coupling slits 12 of the lower metal layer are spaced apart by a certain distance and are parallel to each other. The two coupling gaps 13 of the upper metal layer are spaced at a certain distance and are parallel to each other, and the coupling gaps of the upper metal layer are perpendicular to the coupling gaps of the lower metal layer.
In this embodiment, the coupling gap of the upper metal layer is parallel to the Y axis, the coupling gap of the lower metal layer is parallel to the X axis, and the coupling gaps may be dumbbell-shaped, rectangular, bow-tie-shaped, or zigzag.
The metal patches of the upper and lower super-surface layers can be the same or different, and the metal patches in the embodiment are all square and are all arranged in 4 x 4.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the polarization torsional reflection surface is composed of a plurality of polarization torsional reflection surface units arranged periodically, the polarization torsional reflection surface units include a dielectric substrate 16, a metal patch layer 17 is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a metal ground layer 15 is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
The polarized torsional reflective surface elements in this embodiment are preferably in a 2 x 2 arrangement with dimensions of 0.5 spatial wavelengths x 0.5 spatial wavelengths.
The metal patch layer comprises at least two polarization torsion patches, four polarization torsion patches are selected in the embodiment, the polarization torsion patches are triangular corner cut metal patches, rectangular corner cut metal patches, metal column loading metal patches and the like, and the rectangular corner cut metal patches are adopted in the embodiment, so that two corners of a diagonal line of a rectangle are cut.
The feed source horn is directly connected with the standard waveguide WG260 of the signal source through a flange plate for feeding.
The feed source horn outputs energy in the X polarization direction, the energy is incident to the lower surface of the polarization selector, and due to the polarization selection characteristic of the polarization selector, the energy in the X polarization direction cannot penetrate through the structure and is reflected to the polarization torsion reflection surface. The polarization torsion reflection surface converts an electric field in the X polarization direction into an electric field in the Y polarization direction through 90-degree polarization torsion, and then the electric field enters the lower surface of the polarization selector. At the moment, a plurality of polarization selector units on the polarization selector receive energy in the Y polarization direction through the lower super-surface layer, are coupled to a transmission line of the middle layer through two coupling gaps in the X-axis direction of the lower metal layer, realize 90-degree polarization conversion and corresponding phase compensation through the transmission line, are coupled to the upper super-surface layer through two coupling gaps in the Y-axis direction of the upper metal layer, and then radiate out, so that the transmission array antenna with broadband, high-gain and low-profile characteristics is realized.
As shown in fig. 6 to 10, the dimensions of the respective portions in the present embodiment are as follows:
dielectric constant of dielectric substrate according to the present embodimentrIs [2.2, 6.2 ]]All the thicknesses are [0.02 lambda, 0.1 lambda ]]The thickness of the metal floor is [0.005 lambda, 0.1 lambda ]]. Where λ is the free space wavelength.
The polarization selector unit has a square structure with side length a of 0.5 lambda, lambda]. Wherein the size sur _ w of the square metal patch is [0.1 lambda, 0.5 lambda ]]The distance p between two adjacent patches is [0.5 lambda, lambda ]]. The dumbbell slot lengths slot _ l and s _ l are [0.02 λ, λ]The widths slot _ w and s _ w are [0.01 λ,0.2 λ ]]. The width mic _ w of the strip line is [0.01 λ,0.2 λ ]]The width m _ w of the impedance matching branch is [0.01 lambda, 0.2 lambda ]]The length m _ l is [0.01 lambda, 0.2 lambda ]]. Total length of the bending type strip line length cl1+cl2+cl3+cl4+cl5+cl6Is [0.1 lambda ]g, 1.5λg]Wherein λ isgBy adjusting the total length of the strip lines for the medium wavelength, transmissive polarizer units with different phases can be obtained.
The polarized torsional reflecting surface unit is a square structure, and the side length b of the polarized torsional reflecting surface unit is [0.2 lambda, lambda ]. The size r _ w of the corner cutting type patches is [0.1 lambda, 0.5 lambda ], the distance r _ p between two adjacent corner cutting type patches is [0.5 lambda, lambda ], the corner cutting length cut is [0.01 lambda, 0.5 lambda ], and lambda is free space wavelength.
In this embodiment, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate of the polarization selector unitr2.94, the thickness h of the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate10.762mm, and the thickness h of the medium substrate at the middle upper layer and the medium substrate at the middle lower layer20.254 mm; the side length of the polarization selector cell is 6.4 mm.
The side length sur _ w of the square metal patch is 1.4mm, and the distance p between two adjacent patches is 1.6 mm; the size of the dumbbell-shaped slot etched on the metal floor is slot _ l which is 2.2mm, s _ l which is 0.7mm, slot _ w which is 0.4mm, s _ w which is 1mm, and the distance d from the center of the slot to the central axis of the polarization selector unit which is 1.6 mm; the width mic _ w of the strip line is 0.25mm, the size m _ w of the impedance matching branch is 0.7mm, and m _ l is 0.4 mm. Total length of the bending strip line length cl1+cl2+cl3+cl4+cl5+cl63.2mm-12.8mm, polarization selector cells with different phases can be obtained by adjusting the length of the strip line.
Dielectric constant of dielectric substrate of polarized torsional reflection surface unitrIs 3.5, thickness h3The side length b is 5.6mm, the corner cutting patch size r _ w is 2.5mm, the distance r _ p between two adjacent corner cutting patches is 2.8mm, and the corner cutting length cut is 1.1 mm.
Referring to fig. 13, in the floquet mode, energy in the Y polarization direction is simulated in the TE mode, and energy in the X polarization direction is simulated in the TM mode. When the energy of TE mode is incident to the polarization selector unit based on the differential feed super-surface, the polarization selector unit can be converted into the energy of TM mode, and the-1 dB transmission bandwidth is 32.7% in the frequency band of 22-31 GHz. In addition, the linearity of the transmission phase change curve along with the frequency is better. When TM mode energy is incident to the polarization selector unit based on the differential feed super-surface, the energy can not penetrate through the polarization selector, and the energy is totally reflected back in 22-32 GHz.
With reference to fig. 14, the transmission loss of the polarization selector unit is less than 1dB in the 22-30.4GHz band. At the central frequency point 27GH, the transmission phase thereof linearly changes with the total length of the strip line, and a phase change exceeding 360 degrees can be achieved with good linearity with frequency change.
In the floquet mode, when the plane wave is vertically incident, the-10 dB polarization torsion reflection characteristic bandwidth is 31.3% in the frequency band of 22.6-31 GHz. When the plane wave incident angle is 30 degrees, the polarization twist characteristic at the center frequency is slightly poor, and the polarization twist characteristic at the high frequency and the low frequency is good.
With reference to fig. 16, the echo coefficients of the transmission array antenna are all less than-10 dB in the frequency band of 22-32 GHz.
With reference to fig. 17-19, the side lobe of the radiation direction diagram of the transmission array antenna at three frequency points of 25, 27 and 29GHz is less than-18 dB on average. In addition, when theta is 0 deg., its cross-polarization level is less than-20 dB.
Referring to fig. 20, the transmission array antenna has a maximum gain of 26.2dBi at 29GHz and a-1 dB gain bandwidth of 24%.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The broadband low-profile transmission array antenna is characterized by comprising a polarization selector and a polarization torsional reflection surface, wherein the polarization selector is positioned above the polarization torsional reflection surface, the polarization selector comprises a plurality of polarization selector units which are arranged periodically, the polarization torsional reflection surface comprises a plurality of polarization torsional reflection surface units which are arranged periodically, and the middle of the polarization torsional reflection surface is hollowed for placing a feed source loudspeaker.
2. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the polarization selector unit is a multi-layered stacked structure and sequentially comprises an upper super-surface layer, an upper dielectric substrate, an upper metal stratum, a middle upper dielectric substrate, a middle lower dielectric substrate, a lower metal stratum, a lower dielectric substrate and a lower super-surface layer from top to bottom, two coupling gaps are etched in the lower metal stratum and the upper metal stratum, the middle layer is provided with two transmission lines, and the upper super-surface layer and the lower super-surface layer are provided with a plurality of metal patches which are periodically arranged.
3. The array antenna of claim 2, wherein the two transmission lines are rotationally symmetric about a center point of the middle layer by 180 degrees.
4. The array antenna of claim 3, wherein matching stubs are loaded at both ends of each transmission line.
5. The wide-band low-profile transmission array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the polarization torsion reflection surface unit includes a dielectric substrate, an upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal patch layer, and a lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal ground layer.
6. The array antenna of claim 5, wherein the metal patch layer comprises at least two polarization torsion patches.
7. The array antenna of claim 2, wherein the two coupling slots located in the lower metal layer are perpendicular to the two coupling slots located in the upper metal layer.
8. The wide-band low-profile transmission array antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the middle upper dielectric substrate is equal to that of the middle lower dielectric substrate, and the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate is equal to that of the lower dielectric substrate.
9. The wide band low profile transmission array antenna of claim 6, wherein said polarization twist patch is a corner cut patch.
10. A wireless communication device comprising a wideband low profile transmission array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN112201964A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Reflection transmission array antenna and construction method thereof |
| CN113410628A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-17 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband high-efficiency antenna unit, series-parallel feed sub-array and phased array |
| CN117691361A (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-03-12 | 南通大学 | Broadband low-profile circularly polarized reflection array antenna based on adjustable phase polarization torsion surface |
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