CN103490156A - Millimeter wave folding-type reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave folding-type reflective array antenna integrated with a plane feed source. The millimeter wave folding-type reflective array antenna is of a layered structure and is sequentially provided with a polarization grid, a reflective array and the plane feed source from top to bottom. On the basis of a plane substrate integration waveguide structure, a substrate integration waveguide gap array antenna is used as the feed source for conducting feed on folding-type reflection, phase compensation is obtained on a reflection face, spherical waves are converted to plane waves, and therefore the antenna which is high in gain and efficiency and stable in beam pointing is realized. Under the Q-LINKPAN application background and directing at the development demands of a plane-integration and miniaturized long-distance wireless communication system, the low-section antenna which is high in gain and efficiency and capable of being integrated with a plane millimeter wave circuit is realized, the millimeter wave folding-type reflective array antenna has the advantages of being simple in structure, compact in size and low in cost, and the requirements for plane circuit integration are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Antenna Design field, relate in particular to a kind of low section, high-gain, high efficiency, with the integrated convertible reflective array antenna of plane feed, be mainly used in the fields such as radio communication, radar, imaging system.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of millimeter wave reflective array antenna in the applications such as modern communications, radar, imaging system, the millimeter wave reflective array antenna is faced with the challenge of high efficiency, low cost, complanation, Highgrade integration in recent years.The phase-shift characterisitc that traditional reflective array antenna utilizes flat unit realizes the function of spherical wave to the plane wave conversion for the curved surface characteristic of parabola itself, to improve gain and directionality.The convertible reflective array antenna utilizes the principle that light path is amounted to make half that its thickness reduction is the traditional reflective battle array on the basis of conventional planar reflective array antenna, has advantages of low section, low-cross polarization, has also avoided aperture blockage simultaneously.Millimeter wave high-gain aerial and plane active circuit are integrated is a trend of millimetre-wave circuit development.For the ease of integrated with planar circuit, improve the integrated level of system, guarantee again the efficiency of antenna simultaneously, the design of convertible reflective array antenna also has some problems that need to solve.
On the one hand, traditional reflective array adopts horn feed mostly, loudspeaker have certain altitude, volume is large, processing cost is high and also be difficult for and other circuit integrated.The plane feed substitutes traditional horn feed can effectively reduce the feed volume, reduces the complexity of installing, and improves the integrated level of system simultaneously.The miniature antenna of Planar integration commonly used comprises: microstrip antenna, co-planar waveguide antenna and substrate integration wave-guide antenna etc.Wherein microstrip antenna and co-planar waveguide antenna are open architecture, obvious in the millimeter wave frequency band loss, and will stay a segment protect distance to avoid interference other circuit with other circuit when the system integration.Substrate integration wave-guide is to form by beat a series of metal throuth hole arrays on dielectric substrate the structure had with the similar transmission characteristic of rectangular metal waveguide and field distribution.Substrate integration wave-guide belongs to the structure of sealing, has high power, high Q value, low-loss characteristics.Substrate integration wave-guide broadside slot array antenna has gain and directivity preferably, and loss is low, is easy to Planar integration, and is convenient to sealing, relatively is suitable as the plane feed of broadside radiation.But its single slot element has narrower bandwidth, and antenna pattern can produce the wave beam phenomenon of shaking the head along with frequency change, therefore needs a kind of group of formation formula of research and feed form to solve wave beam and shakes the head, simultaneously Bandwidth.
On the other hand, the efficiency of reflective array antenna is not high is that the reflective array antenna design needs the problem solved always.The efficiency general Study of reflective array antenna be aperture efficiency, i.e. the ratio of actual gain and maximum directionality (directionality that the physics bore can reach).For the heavy caliber reflector antenna when its actinal surface field amplitude is even and phase place can realization theory when consistent on 100% aperture efficiency.But amplitude inhomogeneities, phase error and feed wave beam can not be reflected face fully and intercept and capture loss and the decrease in efficiency that loss all can cause gain of overflowing produced in actual applications, and the efficiency of general reflective array antenna only has 10%-30%.Therefore how co-design reflective array antenna and plane feed, to improve the hot issue that overall antenna efficiency is a reflective array antenna research.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of high-gain that adopts dielectric substrate to realize, high efficiency, low section, with the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of plane feed, can effectively improve the efficiency of reflective array antenna, reduce the feed volume, reduce the complexity of installing, improve the integrated level of system simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna that a kind of and plane feed is integrated, is characterized in that this antenna is hierarchy, is provided with successively from top to bottom polarization grid, reflective array and plane feed.
The plane feed comprises the bottom dielectric substrate, be positioned at a metal covering of bottom dielectric substrate upper surface and be positioned at No. two metal coverings of bottom dielectric substrate lower surface; Reflective array comprises the interlayer substrate, be positioned at the metal patch of interlayer substrate top and be positioned at the grounded metal of interlayer substrate below; The polarization grid comprise the top layer dielectric substrate and are positioned at the metal band of top layer dielectric substrate below.
Further, the plane feed is provided with substrate integration wave-guide, and the plane feed is provided with the plated-through hole array that runs through a metal covering bottom dielectric substrate and No. two metal coverings; The zone that substrate integration wave-guide is surrounded by metal covering, No. two metal coverings and plated-through hole array forms.
Further, substrate integration wave-guide comprises inboard substrate integration wave-guide, the external peripheral substrate integration wave-guide of inboard substrate integration wave-guide, and the end of peripheral substrate integration wave-guide is connected with transition switching substrate integration wave-guide; Metal covering heart line bilateral symmetry therein is provided with some radiating slots, and radiating slot is by inboard substrate integration wave-guide parallel feed; No. two metal coverings of transition switching substrate integration wave-guide bottom are provided with the rectangular aperture as plane feed I/O coupling window, and the interlayer substrate center is provided with the rectangular metal hole.
Further, the inside of peripheral substrate integration wave-guide is provided with for regulating the plated-through hole of coupling; If the end that transition switching substrate integration wave-guide is connected with peripheral substrate integration wave-guide is the A end, the other end is the B end, and transition switching substrate integration wave-guide holds B end ladder to broaden from A.
Further, it is determined that the number of radiating slot is that the gain by feed antenna requires, and in the design's example, radiating slot is four, and radiating slot length, near its resonance length, preferably equals its resonance length; Radiating slot approximately approximates 1/2nd guide wavelengths apart from inboard substrate integration wave-guide short-circuit end, preferably 1/2nd guide wavelengths.
Further, also be provided with air layer between reflective array and polarization grid.
Further, in bottom dielectric substrate, interlayer substrate, top layer dielectric substrate, be equipped with location hole, the bottom dielectric substrate is provided with in the interlayer substrate location hole be connected with the ring flange of external test interface.
In the present invention, the design objective of plane feed gain be according to reflective array aperture efficiency and burnt footpath than the theory analysis of (focal length diameter ratio) relation, in order to reach higher aperture efficiency, obtain.The traditional reflective array antenna is in order to reach higher aperture efficiency, the generally choose-10dB of edge level of reflective array.The present invention is directed to designed chip integrated waveguide slot battle array feed antenna pattern E face and the inconsistent characteristics of H face 10dB beamwidth, different from the design shape of existing reflecting surface, the reflective array shape adopts oval reflective array, to guarantee the edge electric average out to-10dB of E face and H face.In addition, in traditional reflective battle array design usually physical centre and the phase center of hypothesis feed overlap, and in actual design due to the physical centre of feed and not overlapping of phase center, can cause some out of focus losses.Do not overlap for fear of actual design midplane feed physical centre and phase center the out of focus loss brought, need redefine the focal length of reflective array, and then the chip unit size on the redesign reflecting surface.In a word, the method that the integrated convertible reflective array antenna of design of the present invention and plane feed adopts is: at first according to reflective array, the gain of feed is required to the design plane feed, and then formed the co-design of plane feed and reflective array according to the size of the beam feature of plane feed and phase center design reflectivity formation shape and reflecting surface chip unit, what final design went out has high efficiency characteristic with the integrated convertible reflective array antenna of plane feed.
Beneficial effect: the present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage:
The integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array of of the present invention and plane feed utilizes air feed form to avoid the loss of microstrip antenna feeding network; Utilize the form of convertible to reduce the thickness of reflective array antenna; Utilize the chip integrated waveguide slot array antenna to do feed simultaneously, further reduced the thickness of integrated antenna when guaranteeing the characteristics of directivity, low-loss, low-cross polarization preferably; The present invention is by carrying out to plane feed and reflective array the performance that co-design has realized high gain and high efficiency; And plane of the present invention feed and reflective array all can utilize common printed circuit board technique to realize, simple in structure, volume compact, cost be low, it is integrated to be easy to other planar circuits, therefore is applicable to the application of wireless communication system.Concrete advantage is as follows:
1) the integrated convertible reflective array antenna of designed and plane feed can meet Q-band Q-LINKPAN communication system applications demand.
2) different from traditional convertible reflective array antenna, this reflective array antenna has been realized with the plane feed integrated, has volume compact, and thickness is low, the characteristics that efficiency is high.
3) method of this plane feed and reflecting surface co-design has generality, can extend to other millimeter wave frequency bands, also is applicable to the traditional reflective array antenna design of on-plane surface feed feed simultaneously.
What 4) propose has closure property with the integrated convertible reflective array structure of plane feed, other circuit units is disturbed little, and it is little to be positioned at the plane feed area occupied of ground floor, and the space under saving can be for the placement-and-routing of other circuit.
5) whole antenna each several part all utilizes printed circuit board technology production, and cost is low, precision is high, reproducible, is applicable to producing in enormous quantities.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The front view that Fig. 1 is the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array of of the present invention and plane feed.
Fig. 2 is plane of the present invention feed top-level metallic schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is plane of the present invention feed underlying metal schematic diagram.
The top-level metallic schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is reflective array of the present invention.
The underlying metal schematic diagram that Fig. 5 is reflective array of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the polarize underlying metal schematic diagram of grid of the present invention.
The convertible reflective array operation principle schematic diagram that Fig. 7 is planar-fed of the present invention.
The S parameter measurements that Fig. 8 is embodiment 1.
Fig. 9 is embodiment 1 E surface radiation pattern measurement result when 42GHz.
Figure 10 is embodiment 1 H surface radiation pattern measurement result when 42GHz.
Figure 11 is that embodiment 1 is from 41 to 44GHz E surface radiation pattern measurement results.
Figure 12 is that embodiment 1 is from 41 to 44GHz H surface radiation pattern measurement results.
The gain that Figure 13 is embodiment 1 and efficiency measurement result.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the millimeter wave convertible reflective array that a kind of and plane feed provided by the invention are integrated, by plane feed 1, reflective array 2 and polarization grid 3 form, plane feed 1 is positioned at the bottom of this antenna, comprise bottom dielectric substrate 11, be positioned at the metal covering 12 of bottom dielectric substrate upper surface, be positioned at the metal covering 13 of bottom dielectric substrate lower surface, reflective array 2 is positioned at the intermediate layer of this antenna, comprise interlayer substrate 21, be positioned at the metal patch 22 of interlayer substrate top, and the grounded metal 23 that is positioned at interlayer substrate below, polarization grid 3 are positioned at the top layer of this antenna, comprise top layer dielectric substrate 31 and the metal band 32 that is positioned at top layer dielectric substrate 31 belows.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the dielectric substrate center of reflecting surface 2 is provided with the radiation window of the rectangular metal hole 4 of size 7.6mm * 10.6mm as plane feed 1, between reflecting surface 2 and polarization grid 3, in gap 7, is provided with air layer, air layer height 37.5mm.As shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6, be equipped with location hole 5 in the bottom dielectric substrate 11 of plane feed, the interlayer substrate 21 of reflecting surface, polarization grid top layer dielectric substrate 31, the bottom dielectric substrate 11 of plane feed 1 is equipped with in the interlayer 21 of reflective array 2 location hole 6 be connected with the ring flange of external test interface.Fixing between plane feed 1, reflective array 2, polarization grid 3 can be used common many kinds of measures in prior art, in this example, reflective array 2 and polarization grid 3 adopt the plastics alignment pin to position and fix by location hole 5, the fixedly employing screw of plane feed 1 and reflective array 2 positions by location hole 5, and the fixedly employing screw of plane feed 1, reflective array 2 and external testing port positions by location hole 6.
In the present invention, the linear polarization spherical wave sent by plane feed 1 reflexes on reflective array 2 through hyperpolarization grid 3, carries out polarized rotation and phase compensation on reflective array 2, converts the plane wave of contrary polarised direction to, by polarization grid 3 transmissions, goes out (as Fig. 7).The design objective of plane feed 1 gain be according to reflective array 2 aperture efficiencies and burnt footpath than the theory analysis of (focal length diameter ratio) relation, in order to reach higher aperture efficiency, obtain.The burnt footpath ratio of choosing in this example reflective array 2 is 0.5, and in order to reach maximum overflowing and amplitude inhomogeneities efficiency, the gain of plane feed 1 requires to be about 11dB.Rule of thumb the gain of single Waveguide slot 123 is about 5dB, so this example need be chosen four Waveguide slots 123 and forms the gain that 2 * 2 array is realized 11dB.Same reflective array antenna is in order to reach higher aperture efficiency, the generally choose-10dB of edge level of reflective array 2.After plane feed 1 has designed, for designed plane feed 1 antenna pattern E face and the inconsistent characteristics of H face 10dB beamwidth, different from traditional reflective array shape, in this example, reflective array 2 shapes adopt oval.Oval-shaped major axis and minor axis are determined by following formula than (a/b):
θ wherein
1and θ
2the 10dB beamwidth of the corresponding E face of difference and H face.
In traditional reflective battle array design usually physical centre and the phase center of hypothesis feed overlap, and in actual design due to the physical centre of feed and not overlapping of phase center, can cause some out of focus losses.Do not overlap in order to eliminate plane feed 1 physical centre and phase center the out of focus loss brought in the design's example, need redefine focal length (as Fig. 7), and then the chip unit size on redesign reflecting surface 2.PHASE DISTRIBUTION on reflecting surface is determined by following formula: A
F'=2h+p（4）
Wherein
be the PHASE DISTRIBUTION that needs compensation, F ' is the focal length redefined, and h is the distance that reflecting surface arrives the polarization grid, p be plane feed phase center to its physical centre apart from (phase center of plane feed p below physical centre get on the occasion of; Otherwise p gets negative value), θ
ithe half angle that reflecting surface axially arrives radiating element, r
ithe distance of the center of reflecting surface to radiating element, k
0the propagation constant of free space.
To sum up, require design plane feed 1 according to the gain of 2 pairs of feeds of reflective array, and then just formed the co-design of plane feed 1 and reflective array 2 according to the size of the shape of the beam feature of plane feed 1 and phase center design reflectivity battle array 2 and reflecting surface chip unit, what final design went out has high efficiency characteristic with the integrated convertible reflective array antenna of plane feed.
The plane feed 1 proposed in this example is based on substrate integrated wave guide structure.Substrate integration wave-guide 14 adopts the double layer of metal printed circuit board technology to realize.Substrate integration wave-guide 14 consists of upper and lower surface metal 12,13 and the plated-through hole array 15 that runs through the upper and lower surface metal.The diameter that is used for forming dielectric substrate integrated waveguide metal throuth hole 15 is 0.4mm, and between through hole, spacing is 0.6mm, and the thickness of the bottom dielectric substrate 11 of plane feed 1 is 0.508mm, and relative dielectric constant is 2.2.Radiating slot 123 cell sizes of the plane feed 1 that proposes are 0.4mm * 3.5mm, can obtain according to the analysis of slot element resonance characteristic.Interlayer substrate 21 thickness of reflecting surface 2 proposed by the invention are 0.508mm, and relative dielectric constant is 2.2.The method of the design range site phase compensation of reflecting surface 2 is carried out.The unit of reflecting surface 2 adopts the rectangular patch unit, by the phase-shift characterisitc of periodic boundary methods analyst unit, determines the size of unit on reflecting surface 2 each position in conjunction with above-mentioned formula (2)-(4).Top layer dielectric substrate 31 thickness of polarization grid 3 proposed by the invention are 1.57mm, and relative dielectric constant is 2.2.The rectangular strip bandwidth 0.6mm of polarization grid 3 below metal levels 32, spacing 0.9mm.As shown in Figure 1, the antenna size of the present embodiment is 98 * 150 * 40, and dimensional units is mm.Antenna S parameter, antenna pattern and the gain efficiency of actual measurement the results are shown in Fig. 8 to Figure 13.
The design frequency of the antenna of the present embodiment is 42GHz.This antenna E ground roll lobe width when 42GHz is 3.5 degree, be less than-20dB of minor level, be less than-30dB of cross polarization; H ground roll lobe width 4 degree when 42GHz, be less than-17.5dB of minor level, be less than-25dB of cross polarization; In 41.6GHz arrives the 44GHz frequency range, be less than-10dB of echo; Radiation pattern from 41GHz to 44GHz without too large variation; This antenna has maximum gain 31.9dBi when 44GHz, and corresponding aperture efficiency is 49%; The 3dB gain bandwidth of this antenna is 7%.
It is only below the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- One kind with the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of plane feed, it is characterized in that: this antenna is hierarchy, is provided with successively from top to bottom polarization grid (3), reflective array (2) and plane feed (1);Described plane feed (1) comprises bottom dielectric substrate (11), be positioned at a metal covering (12) of bottom dielectric substrate (11) upper surface and be positioned at No. two metal coverings (13) of bottom dielectric substrate (11) lower surface;Described reflective array (2) comprises interlayer substrate (21), be positioned at the metal patch (22) of interlayer substrate (21) top and be positioned at the grounded metal (23) below interlayer substrate (21);Described polarization grid (3) comprise top layer dielectric substrate (31) and are positioned at the metal band (32) of top layer dielectric substrate (31) below.
- 2. the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of a kind of and plane feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described plane feed (1) is provided with substrate integration wave-guide (14), and described plane feed (1) is provided with the plated-through hole array (15) that runs through a metal covering (12), bottom dielectric substrate (11) and No. two metal coverings (13); The zone that described substrate integration wave-guide (14) is surrounded by a metal covering (12), No. two metal coverings (13) and plated-through hole array (15) forms.
- 3. the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of a kind of and plane feed according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described substrate integration wave-guide (14) comprises inboard substrate integration wave-guide (141), the external peripheral substrate integration wave-guide of described inboard substrate integration wave-guide (141) (142), the end of described peripheral substrate integration wave-guide (142) is connected with transition switching substrate integration wave-guide (143); A described metal covering (12) heart line bilateral symmetry therein is provided with some radiating slots (123), and described radiating slot (123) is by inboard substrate integration wave-guide (141) parallel feed; No. two metal coverings (13) of described transition switching substrate integration wave-guide (143) bottom are provided with the rectangular aperture (134) as plane feed (1) I/O coupling window, and described interlayer substrate (21) center is provided with rectangular metal hole (4).
- 4. the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of a kind of and plane feed according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the inside of described peripheral substrate integration wave-guide (142) is provided with the plated-through hole (1421) for regulating coupling; Recording a demerit and crossing the end that is connected with peripheral substrate integration wave-guide (142) of switching substrate integration wave-guide (143) is the A end, and the other end is the B end, and the described transition substrate integration wave-guide (143) of transferring holds B to hold ladder to broaden from A.
- 5. the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of a kind of and plane feed according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the number of described radiating slot (123) is four, described radiating slot (123) length is near its resonance length, and described radiating slot (123) distance inboard substrate integration wave-guide (141) short-circuit end approximates 1/2nd guide wavelengths.
- 6. the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of a kind of and plane feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gap (7) of described reflective array (2) and the grid (3) that polarize also is provided with air layer.
- 7. the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of a kind of and plane feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be equipped with location hole (5) in described bottom dielectric substrate (11), interlayer substrate (21), top layer dielectric substrate (31), described bottom dielectric substrate (11) be equipped with the location hole (6) be connected with the ring flange of external test interface in interlayer substrate (21).
- 8. the integrated millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna of a kind of and plane feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the shape of described reflective array (2) adopts oval.
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