CN103490156B - With the millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna that plane feed is integrated - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of convertible reflective array integrated with plane feed, this antenna is hierarchy, is provided with polarization grid, reflective array and plane feed from top to bottom successively; The present invention is based on planar substrates integrated wave guide structure, adopt chip integrated waveguide slot array antenna as feed, row feed is reflected into convertible, obtains phase compensation on the reflecting surface, convert plane wave to by spherical wave, thus realize the antenna of high-gain, high efficiency, stable beam position.The present invention is under Q-LINKPAN application background, for the growth requirement of Planar integration with miniaturized long distance wireless communication system, achieve high-gain, high efficiency, can be integrated with plane millimetre-wave circuit the antenna of low section, have that structure is simple, the advantage of volume compact, low cost, and meet the integrated requirement of planar circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Antenna Design field, particularly relate to a kind of low section, high-gain, high efficiency, the convertible reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed, be mainly used in the fields such as radio communication, radar, imaging system.
Background technology
In recent years along with the fast development of millimeter wave reflective array antenna in the applications such as modern communications, radar, imaging system, millimeter wave reflective array antenna is faced with the challenge of high efficiency, low cost, complanation, Highgrade integration.Traditional reflective array antenna utilizes the phase-shift characterisitc of flat unit to realize the function that spherical wave changes to plane wave, to improve gain and directionality for the curved surface characteristic of parabola itself.The principle that convertible reflective array antenna utilizes light path to amount on the basis of conventional planar reflective array antenna makes its thickness be reduced to the half of traditional reflective battle array, has the advantage of low section, low-cross polarization, it also avoid aperture blockage simultaneously.Millimeter wave high-gain aerial and the integrated trend being millimetre-wave circuit and developing of plane active circuit.For the ease of integrated with planar circuit, improve the integrated level of system, ensure again the efficiency of antenna simultaneously, the design of convertible reflective array antenna also has some to need the problem solved.
On the one hand, traditional reflective array adopts horn feed mostly, and loudspeaker have that certain altitude, volume are large, processing cost is high and not easily integrated with other circuit.Plane feed carrys out alternative conventional horn feed can effectively reduce feed volume, reduces the complexity of installing, improves the integrated level of system simultaneously.The miniature antenna of conventional Planar integration comprises: microstrip antenna, coplanar waveguide antenna and substrate integration wave-guide antenna etc.Wherein microstrip antenna and coplanar waveguide antenna are open architecture, obvious in millimeter wave frequency band loss, and a segment protect distance will be stayed to avoid interference other circuit with other circuit when the system integration.Substrate integration wave-guide forms the structure with similar transmission characteristic and field distribution with rectangular metal waveguide by beating a series of metal throuth hole array on dielectric substrate.Substrate integration wave-guide belongs to closed structure, has high power, high q-factor, low-loss feature.Substrate integration wave-guide broadside slot array antenna has good gain and directivity, and loss is low, is easy to Planar integration, and is convenient to sealing, compares the plane feed being suitable as broadside radiation.But its single slot element has narrower bandwidth, and antenna pattern to be shaken the head phenomenon along with frequency change can produce wave beam, therefore needs to study a kind of group formation formula and feed form and solves wave beam and shake the head, Bandwidth simultaneously.
On the other hand, the efficiency of reflective array antenna is not high is the problem that reflective array antenna design needs to solve always.The efficiency general Study of reflective array antenna be aperture efficiency, i.e. the ratio of actual gain and maximum directionality (directionality that physics bore can reach).For heavy caliber reflector antenna when its actinal surface field amplitude evenly and phase place is consistent time can 100% aperture efficiency on realization theory.But amplitude inhomogeneities, phase error and feed wave beam can not be intercepted and captured by reflecting surface loss and the decrease in efficiency that the spilling loss produced all can cause gain completely in actual applications, and the efficiency of general reflective array antenna only has 10%-30%.Therefore how co-design reflective array antenna and plane feed, to improve the hot issue that overall antenna efficiency is a reflective array antenna research.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of high-gain, high efficiency, low section, the millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed that adopt dielectric substrate to realize, effectively can improve the efficiency of reflective array antenna, reduce feed volume, reduce the complexity of installing, improve the integrated level of system simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
With the millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna that plane feed is integrated, it is characterized in that this antenna is hierarchy, be provided with polarization grid, reflective array and plane feed from top to bottom successively.
Plane feed comprises underlying dielectric substrate, be positioned at a metal covering of underlying dielectric substrate upper surface and be positioned at No. two metal coverings of underlying dielectric substrate lower surface; The grounded metal that reflective array comprises interlayer substrate, is positioned at the metal patch above interlayer substrate and is positioned at below interlayer substrate; Polarization grid comprise top layer dielectric substrate and are positioned at the metal band below top layer dielectric substrate.
Further, plane feed is provided with substrate integration wave-guide, and plane feed is provided with the plated-through hole array running through a metal covering underlying dielectric substrate and No. two metal coverings; The region that substrate integration wave-guide is surrounded by a metal covering, No. two metal coverings and plated-through hole array is formed.
Further, substrate integration wave-guide comprises inner side substrate integration wave-guide, inner side substrate integration wave-guide circumscribing peripheral substrate integration wave-guide, and end and the transition of peripheral substrate integration wave-guide substrate integration wave-guide of transferring is connected; Metal covering at the center line bilateral symmetry is provided with some radiating slots, and radiating slot is by inner side substrate integration wave-guide parallel feed; No. two metal coverings bottom transition switching substrate integration wave-guide are provided with the rectangular aperture as plane feed I/O coupling window, and interlayer substrate center is provided with rectangular metal hole.
Further, the inside of peripheral substrate integration wave-guide is provided with the plated-through hole for regulating coupling; If one end that transition switching substrate integration wave-guide is connected with peripheral substrate integration wave-guide is that A holds, the other end is B end, and transition switching substrate integration wave-guide holds B to hold ladder to broaden from A.
Further, the number of radiating slot is determined by the gain requirement of feed antenna, and in the design's example, radiating slot is four, and radiating slot length, near its resonance length, preferably equals its resonance length; Radiating slot distance inner side substrate integration wave-guide short-circuit end about approximates 1/2nd guide wavelengths, preferably 1/2nd guide wavelengths.
Further, also air layer is provided with between reflective array and polarization grid.
Further, in underlying dielectric substrate, interlayer substrate, top layer dielectric substrate, be equipped with location hole, underlying dielectric substrate be provided with the location hole be connected with the ring flange of external test interface in interlayer substrate.
In the present invention, the design objective of plane feed gain is the theory analysis according to reflective array aperture efficiency and burnt footpath ratio (focal length diameter ratio) relation, obtains to reach higher aperture efficiency.Traditional reflective array antenna is in order to reach higher aperture efficiency, and the edge level of reflective array generally chooses-10dB.The present invention is directed to designed chip integrated waveguide slot battle array feed antenna pattern E face and the inconsistent feature of H face 10dB beamwidth, different from the design shape of existing reflecting surface, reflective array shape adopts oval reflective array, to ensure the edge electric average out to-10dB in E face and H face.In addition, in the design of traditional reflective battle array, usually the physical centre of hypothesis feed and phase center overlap, and not overlapping due to the physical centre of feed and phase center in actual design, some out of focus losses can be caused.In order to avoid actual design midplane feed physical centre and phase center do not overlap the out of focus loss brought, the focal length of reflective array need be redefined, and then redesign the chip unit size on reflecting surface.In a word, the method that design of the present invention and the integrated convertible reflective array antenna of plane feed adopt is: first according to the gain requirement design plane feed of reflective array to feed, and then the co-design of plane feed and reflective array is constituted according to the beam feature of plane feed and the size of phase center design reflectivity formation shape and reflecting surface chip unit, the convertible reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed that final design goes out has high efficiency characteristic.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
The millimeter wave convertible reflective array integrated with plane feed of the present invention utilizes air feed form to avoid the loss of microstrip antenna feeding network; The form of convertible is utilized to reduce the thickness of reflective array antenna; Utilize chip integrated waveguide slot array antenna to do feed simultaneously, while the feature ensureing good directivity, low-loss, low-cross polarization, further reduce the thickness of integrated antenna; The present invention is by carrying out to plane feed and reflective array the performance that co-design achieves high gain and high efficiency; And plane feed of the present invention and reflective array all can utilize common printed circuit board technique to realize, structure is simple, volume compact, cost are low, it is integrated to be easy to other planar circuits, is therefore applicable to the application of wireless communication system.Concrete advantage is as follows:
1) the convertible reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed designed by can meet Q-band Q-LINKPAN communication system applications demand.
2) the convertible reflective array antenna from traditional is different, and this reflective array antenna achieves with plane feed integrated, has volume compact, and thickness is low, the feature that efficiency is high.
3) method of this plane feed and reflecting surface co-design has generality, can extend to other millimeter wave frequency bands, is also applicable to the traditional reflective array antenna design of on-plane surface feed feed simultaneously.
4) the convertible reflective array structure integrated with plane feed proposed has closure property, little to the interference of other circuit units, and the plane feed area occupied being positioned at ground floor is little, and the space under saving may be used for the placement-and-routing of other circuit.
5) whole antenna sections all utilizes printed circuit board technology to produce, and cost is low, precision is high, reproducible, is applicable to producing in enormous quantities.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of the millimeter wave convertible reflective array integrated with plane feed of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is plane feed top-level metallic schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is plane feed underlying metal schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the top-level metallic schematic diagram of reflective array of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the underlying metal schematic diagram of reflective array of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention polarizes the underlying metal schematic diagram of grid.
Fig. 7 is the convertible reflective array operation principle schematic diagram of planar-fed of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the S parameter measurement result of embodiment 1.
Fig. 9 is embodiment 1 E surface radiation pattern measurement result when 42GHz.
Figure 10 is embodiment 1 H surface radiation pattern measurement result when 42GHz.
Figure 11 is that embodiment 1 is from 41 to 44GHz E surface radiation pattern measurement results.
Figure 12 is that embodiment 1 is from 41 to 44GHz H surface radiation pattern measurement results.
Figure 13 is gain and the efficiency measurement result of embodiment 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of millimeter wave convertible reflective array integrated with plane feed provided by the invention, by plane feed 1, reflective array 2 and polarization grid 3 form, plane feed 1 is positioned at the bottom of this antenna, comprise underlying dielectric substrate 11, be positioned at the metal covering 12 of underlying dielectric substrate upper surface, be positioned at the metal covering 13 of underlying dielectric substrate lower surface, reflective array 2 is positioned at the intermediate layer of this antenna, comprise interlayer substrate 21, be positioned at the metal patch 22 above interlayer substrate, and the grounded metal 23 be positioned at below interlayer substrate, polarization grid 3 are positioned at the most top layer of this antenna, the metal band 32 comprising top layer dielectric substrate 31 and be positioned at below top layer dielectric substrate 31.
Plane feed 1 is provided with substrate integration wave-guide 14, this substrate integration wave-guide 14 by dielectric substrate 11, be positioned at the region that the metal 12 of dielectric substrate upper surface, the metal 13 of lower surface and the plated-through hole array 15 through the metal 13 of the metal covering 12 of upper surface and lower surface encircle a city and form.Metal patch 12 as shown in Figure 2 on end face there is the radiating slot 123 arranged along upper surface center bilateral symmetry, the number of radiating slot 123 is multiple, its number of slots can be determined according to the demand of plane feed gain, adopt four radiating slots 123 in this example, each radiating slot 123 length is near its resonance length, radiating slot 123 is about 1/2nd wavelength apart from inner side substrate integration wave-guide 141 short-circuit end, radiating slot 123 is by inner side substrate integration wave-guide 141 feed, adopt the mode of parallel feed, peripheral substrate integration wave-guide 142 is connected outside the substrate integration wave-guide 141 of inner side, outside being positioned at, the inside of substrate integration wave-guide 142 is provided with the plated-through hole 1421 for regulating coupling, the other end of peripheral substrate integration wave-guide 142 connects transition switching substrate integration wave-guide 143, the width of described substrate integration wave-guide transition switching is to input/output terminal realization stepped change from narrow to wide, this stepped change can need to adopt multi-ladder change according to design, adopt a stepped change in this example, as shown in Figure 3, the bottom metal paster 13 of transition switching 143 there is the coupling window of rectangular aperture 134 as the I/O of feed antenna 1 of size 1.8mm × 3.8mm.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the dielectric substrate center of reflecting surface 2 is provided with the radiation window of rectangular metal hole 4 as plane feed 1 of size 7.6mm × 10.6mm, is provided with air layer, air layer height 37.5mm in the gap 7 of reflecting surface 2 and polarization grid 3.As shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6, be equipped with location hole 5 in the underlying dielectric substrate 11 of plane feed, the interlayer substrate 21 of reflecting surface, polarization grid top layer dielectric substrate 31, the underlying dielectric substrate 11 of plane feed 1 is equipped with in the interlayer 21 of reflective array 2 location hole 6 be connected with the ring flange of external test interface.Fixing between plane feed 1, reflective array 2, polarization grid 3 can with many kinds of measures common in prior art, in this example, reflective array 2 and polarization grid 3 adopt plastics alignment pin to be positioned by location hole 5 and fixed, the fixing employing screw of plane feed 1 and reflective array 2 is positioned by location hole 5, and the fixing employing screw of plane feed 1, reflective array 2 and external test port is positioned by location hole 6.
In the present invention, the linear polarization spherical wave sent by plane feed 1 reflexes on reflective array 2 through hyperpolarization grid 3, and reflective array 2 carries out polarized rotation and phase compensation, converts the plane wave in opposite polarizations direction to, goes out (as Fig. 7) by polarization grid 3 transmission.The design objective of plane feed 1 gain is the theory analysis according to reflective array 2 aperture efficiency and burnt footpath ratio (focal length diameter ratio) relation, obtains to reach higher aperture efficiency.The burnt footpath ratio choosing reflective array 2 is in this example 0.5, and in order to reach maximum spilling and amplitude inhomogeneities efficiency, the gain requirement of plane feed 1 is about 11dB.Rule of thumb the gain of single Waveguide slot 123 is about 5dB, and therefore this example need choose the gain that array that four Waveguide slots 123 form 2 × 2 realizes 11dB.Same reflective array antenna is in order to reach higher aperture efficiency, and the edge level of reflective array 2 generally chooses-10dB.After plane feed 1 has designed, for designed plane feed 1 antenna pattern E face and the inconsistent feature of H face 10dB beamwidth, different from traditional reflective array shape, in this example, reflective array 2 shape adopts oval.Oval major axis and minor axis ratio (a/b) are determined by following formula:
Wherein θ
1and θ
2the 10dB beamwidth in corresponding E face and H face respectively.
In the design of traditional reflective battle array, usually the physical centre of hypothesis feed and phase center overlap, and not overlapping due to the physical centre of feed and phase center in actual design, some out of focus losses can be caused.Not overlap the out of focus loss brought to eliminate plane feed 1 physical centre and phase center in the design's example, focal length (as Fig. 7) need be redefined, and then redesign the chip unit size on reflecting surface 2.PHASE DISTRIBUTION on reflecting surface is determined by following formula: A
F'=2h+p（4）
Wherein
be the PHASE DISTRIBUTION needing to compensate, F ' is the focal length redefined, and h is the distance that reflecting surface arrives polarization grid, p be plane feed phase center to its physical centre distance (phase center p below physical centre of plane feed get on the occasion of; Otherwise p gets negative value), θ
ithe half angle that reflecting surface axially arrives radiating element, r
ithe distance of center to radiating element of reflecting surface, k
0the propagation constant of free space.
To sum up, according to the gain requirement design plane feed 1 of reflective array 2 pairs of feeds, and then the co-design of plane feed 1 and reflective array 2 is just constituted according to the beam feature of plane feed 1 and the shape of phase center design reflectivity battle array 2 and the size of reflecting surface chip unit, the convertible reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed that final design goes out has high efficiency characteristic.
The plane feed 1 proposed in this example is based on substrate integrated wave guide structure.Substrate integration wave-guide 14 adopts double layer of metal printed circuit board technology to realize.Substrate integration wave-guide 14 is made up of upper and lower surface metal 12,13 and the plated-through hole array 15 that runs through upper and lower surface metal.The diameter being used for forming dielectric substrate integrated waveguide metal throuth hole 15 is 0.4mm, and between through hole, spacing is 0.6mm, and the thickness of the underlying dielectric substrate 11 of plane feed 1 is 0.508mm, and relative dielectric constant is 2.2.Plane feed 1 proposed radiating slot 123 cell size be 0.4mm × 3.5mm, can obtain according to the analysis of slot element resonance characteristic.Interlayer substrate 21 thickness of reflecting surface 2 proposed by the invention is 0.508mm, and relative dielectric constant is 2.2.The method of the design range site phase compensation of reflecting surface 2 is carried out.The unit of reflecting surface 2 adopts rectangular patch unit, by the phase-shift characterisitc of periodic boundary methods analyst unit, determines the size of unit on each position of reflecting surface 2 in conjunction with above-mentioned formula (2)-(4).Top layer dielectric substrate 31 thickness of polarization grid 3 proposed by the invention is 1.57mm, and relative dielectric constant is 2.2.The rectangular strip bandwidth 0.6mm of polarization grid 3 lower metal layer 32, spacing 0.9mm.As shown in Figure 1, the antenna size of the present embodiment is 98 × 150 × 40, and dimensional units is mm.The result of the antenna S parameter of surveying, antenna pattern and gain efficiency is shown in Fig. 8 to Figure 13.
The design frequency of the antenna of the present embodiment is 42GHz.This antenna E face lobe width when 42GHz is 3.5 degree, and minor level is less than-20dB, and cross polarization is less than-30dB; The H face lobe width 4 degree when 42GHz, minor level is less than-17.5dB, and cross polarization is less than-25dB; In 41.6GHz to 44GHz frequency range, echo is less than-10dB; Radiation pattern from 41GHz to 44GHz without too large change; This antenna has maximum gain 31.9dBi when 44GHz, and corresponding aperture efficiency is 49%; The 3dB gain bandwidth of this antenna is 7%.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed, is characterized in that: this antenna is hierarchy, is provided with polarization grid (3), reflective array (2) and plane feed (1) from top to bottom successively;
Described plane feed (1) comprises underlying dielectric substrate (11), be positioned at a metal covering (12) of underlying dielectric substrate (11) upper surface and be positioned at No. two metal coverings (13) of underlying dielectric substrate (11) lower surface;
Described reflective array (2) comprises interlayer substrate (21), is positioned at the metal patch (22) of interlayer substrate (21) top and is positioned at the grounded metal (23) of interlayer substrate (21) below;
Described polarization grid (3) comprise top layer dielectric substrate (31) and are positioned at the metal band (32) of top layer dielectric substrate (31) below;
The shape of described reflective array (2) adopts oval, oval major axis and minor axis ratio
determined by following formula:
Wherein, θ
1and θ
2the 10dB beamwidth in corresponding E face and H face respectively;
Not overlap the out of focus loss brought to eliminate plane feed (1) physical centre and phase center, determining focal length F' according to the following formula:
F'＝2h+p
Wherein, h is the distance of reflective array (2) to polarization grid (3), p is the distance of phase center to physical centre of plane feed (1), when phase center p below physical centre of plane feed (1) get on the occasion of, otherwise p gets negative value;
Described plane feed (1) is provided with substrate integration wave-guide (14), and described plane feed (1) is provided with the plated-through hole array (15) running through a metal covering (12), underlying dielectric substrate (11) and No. two metal coverings (13); The region that described substrate integration wave-guide (14) is surrounded by a metal covering (12), No. two metal coverings (13) and plated-through hole array (15) is formed;
Described substrate integration wave-guide (14) comprises inner side substrate integration wave-guide (141), described inner side substrate integration wave-guide (141) circumscribing peripheral substrate integration wave-guide (142), end and the transition of described peripheral substrate integration wave-guide (142) substrate integration wave-guide (143) of transferring is connected; A described metal covering (12) at the center line bilateral symmetry is provided with some radiating slots (123), and described radiating slot (123) is by inner side substrate integration wave-guide (141) parallel feed; No. two metal coverings (13) of described transition switching substrate integration wave-guide (143) bottom are provided with the rectangular aperture (134) as plane feed (1) I/O coupling window, and described interlayer substrate (21) center is provided with rectangular metal hole (4);
The gap (7) of described reflective array (2) and polarization grid (3) is also provided with air layer.
2. a kind of millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inside of described peripheral substrate integration wave-guide (142) is provided with the plated-through hole (1421) for regulating coupling; Recording a demerit and crossing switching substrate integration wave-guide (143) one end of being connected with peripheral substrate integration wave-guide (142) is that A hold, and the other end is that B holds, and described transition substrate integration wave-guide (143) of transferring holds B end ladder to broaden from A.
3. a kind of millimeter wave convertible reflective array antenna integrated with plane feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described underlying dielectric substrate (11), interlayer substrate (21), top layer dielectric substrate (31), be equipped with the first location hole (5), described underlying dielectric substrate (11) be equipped with the second location hole (6) be connected with the ring flange of external test interface in interlayer substrate (21).
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