CN113097733B - Hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna - Google Patents
Hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113097733B CN113097733B CN202110264927.6A CN202110264927A CN113097733B CN 113097733 B CN113097733 B CN 113097733B CN 202110264927 A CN202110264927 A CN 202110264927A CN 113097733 B CN113097733 B CN 113097733B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-surface antennas, and particularly relates to a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna, which comprises: the structure comprises a first super-surface unit structure layer (1), a second super-surface unit structure layer (2), an air dielectric layer (3) and a feed grounding layer (4); the first super-surface unit structure layer (1) and the second super-surface unit structure layer (2) are stacked together, the second super-surface unit structure layer (2) and the feed grounding layer (4) are arranged up and down in a non-contact mode, and an air cavity formed between the first super-surface unit structure layer and the feed grounding layer is an air dielectric layer (3); first super surface unit structure layer (1) and second super surface unit structure layer (2) all print a plurality of regular hexagon metal radiation paster arrays that are the hexagon and encircle, and every regular hexagon metal radiation paster array that is the hexagon and encircle all includes a plurality of regular hexagon metal radiation paster that are the hexagon and encircle, and this antenna is the high gain antenna of wider broadband, high gain, low section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-surface antennas, and particularly relates to a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology, the demands of mobile communication systems, radars, satellite communication and the like for high-rate data transmission and large channel capacity are increasing, so that the demand of broadband high-gain antennas is higher and higher. Waveguide antennas, lens antennas, microstrip antennas, etc. are all high gain antennas; however, high gain waveguide antennas and lens antennas are bulky and are not suitable for miniaturization and integration, while microstrip antennas have been widely used in various wireless communication systems due to their small and compact profile, easy integration, and low manufacturing cost. However, the gain and bandwidth of the conventional microstrip antenna are limited, and the dielectric loss of the microstrip array antenna increases with the increase of the antenna frequency, which limits the practical application thereof.
In recent years, the metamaterial has attracted much attention, and the metamaterial has a two-dimensional metamaterial structure, has the characteristics of low profile, simple design, low loss and the like, and has a plurality of remarkable advantages in polarization control and gain improvement. Super-surfaces have been used in the field of antennas to improve antenna performance, such as increasing radiation gain, achieving polarization conversion, improving impedance bandwidth, and reducing antenna size.
The existing super-surface antenna mainly comprises the following three types:
the first one is to provide a super-surface antenna based on slot coupling feed, which utilizes a super-surface unit with a single-layer periodic distribution to realize that the impedance bandwidth is 28% and the gain reaches 9.8dB.
Secondly, a medium super-surface antenna is provided, miniaturization of the antenna is achieved by using the non-uniform super-surface units, the impedance bandwidth reaches 21%, and the highest gain is 7.2dB.
And thirdly, the double-layer super surface is used for improving the gain and widening the bandwidth of the antenna, the impedance bandwidth can reach 44%, and the highest gain can reach 11.5dB.
However, the bandwidth of the single-layer super-surface of the two super-surface antennas can not exceed 30%. High-rate data transmission cannot be realized, and the communication system with large channel capacity has a narrow bandwidth range. Although the third super-surface antenna improves the impedance bandwidth, the gain flatness of the antenna is not good, large gain variation occurs in the whole frequency band range, the resonance effect is poor, standing waves of partial frequency bands are large, and the stability of the antenna cannot be guaranteed. In order to widen the impedance bandwidth of the super-surface antenna and improve the gain of the antenna, the invention designs a novel hexagonal super-surface unit structure, improves the radiation characteristic of the super-surface by gradually changing the size of a hexagonal patch unit, and designs a corresponding branch type coupling slot to enhance the stability of the antenna. The impedance bandwidth range of the antenna in a real object test is 3.99-6.91 GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 54%, the impedance bandwidth is expanded by 10% compared with the impedance bandwidth of a document [3], and the gain flatness of the antenna is improved to be more stable gain change compared with the peak type change of the antenna, namely the gain range of the antenna in the range of 4-6 GHz is 9-12 dB, so that the stability of the antenna is improved. In addition, the section size of the antenna is reduced by 1mm, which means that the super-surface antenna is a broadband, high-gain and low-section antenna, and the advantages of the super-surface antenna are that the super-surface antenna can be applied to wider wireless communication systems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above defects in the prior art, the invention provides a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna, which is a regular hexagonal structure and sequentially comprises the following components from top to bottom: the first super-surface unit structure layer, the second super-surface unit structure layer, the air dielectric layer and the feed grounding layer are arranged on the substrate;
the first super-surface unit structure layer and the second super-surface unit structure layer are stacked together, the second super-surface unit structure layer and the feed grounding layer are arranged up and down in a non-contact mode, and an air cavity formed between the first super-surface unit structure layer and the feed grounding layer is an air dielectric layer;
the first super surface unit structure layer and the second super surface unit structure layer are printed with a plurality of hexagonal metal radiation patch arrays which are surrounded by hexagons, and each hexagonal metal radiation patch array which is surrounded by hexagons comprises a plurality of hexagonal metal radiation patches which are surrounded by hexagons.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the first super-surface unit structure layer and the second super-surface unit structure layer are both regular hexagonal dielectric substrates, and a plurality of hexagonal surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiating patch arrays are printed on the regular hexagonal dielectric substrates;
the size of each hexagonal metal radiation patch in the hexagonal surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiation patch array is gradually reduced from the center to the edge of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate by taking the regular hexagonal metal radiation patches printed at the middle part of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate as the center; and the sizes of the plurality of regular hexagonal metal radiating patches in each regular hexagonal metal radiating patch array are the same.
As the technical solution mentioned aboveIn one improvement, the dielectric constant of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate is epsilonr=3.55; loss tangent value δ =0.0027; thickness H =1.52mm; the adjacent patch gap g =1mm ± 0.1mm on the diagonal of the hexagonal substrate.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the thickness of the air dielectric layer Hair =1 +/-0.1 mm.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the feed ground layer is a feed dielectric substrate, the upper layer of the feed ground layer is printed with a multi-branch gap, and the lower layer of the feed ground layer is printed with a rectangular metal feed microstrip line with a fan-shaped tail end.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the length of the metal feed microstrip line is Lf=37.5mm ± 0.5mm, and the width of the metal feed microstrip line is WfAnd =2mm +/-0.2 mm, the opening angle theta of the open sector at the tail end of the metal feed microstrip line is =120 +/-1 DEG, and the radius R of the sector is =2.5mm +/-0.25 mm.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the thickness H1=0.813mm of the feeding ground layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the high-gain antenna adopts the non-uniformly distributed super-surface, the impedance bandwidth range is expanded to 3.99-6.93 GHz, the relative impedance bandwidth is 54%, compared with the bandwidth of the uniformly distributed super-surface structure, the bandwidth is increased by 10%, and the gain and the bandwidth are greatly improved;
2. the invention relates to a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain low-profile antenna with non-uniformly distributed sizes, which is characterized in that a multi-branch type gap coupling structure, a metal feed microstrip line with a fan-shaped tail end and a super-surface structure which is non-uniformly distributed and has patch sizes gradually reduced from inside to outside are adopted to increase adjacent resonance points of the antenna, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is increased to 54%, the peak gain of the antenna is increased to 12.05dB, and the profile size of the antenna is reduced to 4.581mm, so that the antenna meets the requirements of wide frequency band, high gain and low profile characteristics, and can be applied to various fields of mobile communication systems, radar navigation, satellite communication and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a regular hexagonal dielectric substrate of a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower layer of a feeding dielectric substrate of a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper layer of a feeding dielectric substrate of a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the hexagonal super-surface broadband high gain antenna of the present invention of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of the reflection coefficient S11 parameter curve for a hexagonal super-surface broadband high gain antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the antenna gain curve results for a hexagonal super-surface wideband high gain antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a hexagonal super-surface wideband high gain antenna of the present invention in the E-plane, H-plane, at 4.2 GHz;
FIG. 9 is an E-plane, H-plane directional pattern for a hexagonal super-surface wideband high gain antenna of the present invention at 5.2 GHz;
fig. 10 is an E-plane, H-plane pattern of a hexagonal super-surface wideband high gain antenna of the present invention at 6.2 GHz.
Reference numerals:
1. a first super surface unit structure layer 2 and a second super surface unit structure layer
3. Air dielectric layer 4 and feed grounding layer
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna, and particularly relates to a novel hexagonal super-surface unit structure with gradually changed non-uniform size. The impedance bandwidth range of the antenna in a real object test is 3.99-6.91 GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 54%, compared with the prior art, the impedance bandwidth is expanded by 10%, and the gain flatness of the antenna is improved into more stable gain change compared with the peak type change, namely the gain range of the antenna is 9-12 dB within the frequency range of 4-6 GHz, so that the stability of the antenna is improved. In addition, the section size of the antenna is reduced by 1mm, which means that the super-surface antenna is a wider broadband, high-gain and low-section high-gain antenna, and the advantages of the super-surface antenna are that the super-surface antenna can be applied to wider wireless communication systems.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the antenna is a regular hexagon structure, which sequentially comprises, from top to bottom: the structure comprises a first super-surface unit structure layer 1, a second super-surface unit structure layer 2, an air dielectric layer 3 and a feed grounding layer 4;
the first super-surface unit structure layer 1 and the second super-surface unit structure layer 2 are stacked and tightly attached together, the second super-surface unit structure layer 2 and the feed grounding layer 4 are arranged up and down in a non-contact mode, and an air cavity formed between the first super-surface unit structure layer and the feed grounding layer is an air dielectric layer 3;
first super surface unit structure layer 1 and second super surface unit structure layer 2 all print a plurality of regular hexagon metal radiation paster arrays that are the hexagon and encircle, and the regular hexagon metal radiation paster array that every hexagon encircleed all includes a plurality of regular hexagon metal radiation paster that are the hexagon and encircle.
Wherein, the thickness of the air dielectric layer 3 is Hair =1mm; the thickness of the feed ground layer 4 is H1＝0.813mm。
As shown in fig. 2, the first super-surface unit structure layer 1 and the second super-surface unit structure layer 2 are both regular hexagonal dielectric substrates, and a plurality of hexagonal surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiating patch arrays are printed on the regular hexagonal dielectric substrates;
the size of each hexagonal metal radiation patch in the hexagonal surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiation patch array is gradually reduced from the center to the edge of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate by taking the regular hexagonal metal radiation patches printed at the middle part of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate as the center; and the sizes of the plurality of regular hexagonal metal radiating patches in each regular hexagonal metal radiating patch array are the same.
The thickness of the hexagonal substrate is H =1.52mm, the gap g between adjacent patches on the diagonal is 1mm, and a plurality of geometric centers of regular hexagonal metal radiation patches with the same size are connected to form a hexagonal structure, as shown in FIG. 1, each hexagonal structure represents a regular hexagonal metal radiation patch array;
every is the number of regular hexagon metal radiation paster in the hexagonal metal radiation paster array that the hexagon encircleed is different, and the size that is the regular hexagon metal radiation paster in the hexagonal metal radiation paster array that the hexagon encircleed that is farther from this center is less, the number of regular hexagon metal radiation paster is also more, from inside to outside, the size of regular hexagon metal radiation paster reduces gradually, the number of regular hexagon metal radiation paster is more and more, this kind of non-uniform distribution, and be the structure that the hexagon encircleed and can produce a plurality of adjacent resonance points, thereby widen antenna impedance bandwidth, and different clearance, also can make the whole frequency band gain variation range of antenna diminish.
The antenna of the invention is stacked with two layers of regular hexagon dielectric substrates with the same size, and the size gradient relation of the regular hexagon metal radiation patches is as follows:
Wn+1＝Wn+d (1)
wherein, WnThe width of the regular hexagon metal radiating patch diffused outwards from the center n =1 of the substrate; d is the size difference of the adjacent regular hexagonal metal radiating patches, i.e. d =0 in the case of uniform distribution and d ≠ 0 in the case of non-uniform distribution, and since the size difference between the regular hexagonal metal radiating patches in the radial direction of the present invention is not 0, d =1 is set.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, 3 hexagonally surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiating patch arrays are printed on a regular hexagonal dielectric substrate, and a central regular hexagonal metal radiating patch is arranged on the regular hexagonal dielectric substrateAs a center, the sizes of the regular hexagonal metal radiation patches on the two sides are sequentially reduced, and the sizes of the 6 regular hexagonal metal radiation patches in the hexagonal surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiation patch array on the innermost side are the same, the sizes of the 12 regular hexagonal metal radiation patches in the hexagonal surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiation patch array on the middle side are the same, the sizes of the 18 regular hexagonal metal radiation patches in the hexagonal surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiation patch array on the outermost side are the same, and the number of the regular hexagonal metal radiation patches in the hexagonal surrounding regular hexagonal metal radiation patch array on the outermost side is the largest and the size is the smallest. Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the width W of the regular hexagonal metal radiating patch at the center1=11 ± 1mm; width W of innermost regular hexagonal metal radiating patch2=10 ± 1mm; width W of regular hexagon metal radiation patch at middle side3=9 ± 1mm; width W of outermost regular hexagon metal radiation patch4＝8±1mm。
A plurality of regular hexagon metal radiation patch arrays that are hexagon and encircle, as the super surface that periodic grid arranged constitutes, through transmission line model analysis, can be equivalent to the radiating surface of capacitance characteristic with it, can make the antenna produce two adjacent resonant frequency to reach the resonance with different transmission mode at these two frequency points, thereby the exhibition broad bandwidth. The periodic hexagonal super-surface provided by the invention can also be equivalent to a radiation surface with a capacitance characteristic, and the non-uniform distribution can generate three resonance points, as shown in fig. 6, and the non-uniform distribution super-surface is found to have better broadband and high-gain characteristics by observing and analyzing antenna test results. It is not easy to see that the non-uniform super-surface antenna generates a resonance point at a low frequency, because the impedance characteristic of the whole radiation surface is changed by the gradual change of the patch size, the maximum regular hexagonal metal radiation patch arranged at the center of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate is long corresponding to the low-frequency wavelength, the small-size patch at the edge of the substrate is short corresponding to the high-frequency wavelength, and the feeding mode through the slot coupling also enables the surface current of the large-size patch at the center of the substrate to be higher than the surface current of the small-size patch close to the edge, so that the low-frequency gain of the antenna is larger than the high-frequency gain.
As shown in fig. 3, the feed ground layer 4 is a feed dielectric substrate, the upper layer of which is printed with a multi-branch slot, i.e. a grounding metal of the multi-branch slot, and the lower layer of which is printed with a metal feed microstrip line with a fan-shaped tail end.
The center of the starting end of the metal feed microstrip line is aligned with the center of the regular hexagon dielectric substrate, and the length of the metal feed microstrip line is Lf=37.5mm, width of metal feed microstrip line is Wf=2mm, the angular sector θ of the end of the metal feed microstrip line =120 °, and the radius of the sector R =2.5mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the multi-branch gaps printed on the upper layer of the feed dielectric substrate are overlapped with the gaps between the regular hexagonal metal radiating patches printed on the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate to achieve the best coupling effect, so that the non-uniformly distributed regular hexagonal metal radiating patches and a slot with a length of L are useds=10 ± 0.5mm and width WsCarrying out Boolean subtraction on a rectangular metal feed microstrip line with the dimension of =27 +/-0.5 mm to obtain a ground plate coupling gap pattern, namely, cutting partial gaps among the regular hexagonal metal radiating patches and printing the gaps on the upper layer of the feed dielectric substrate to be superposed with the gaps among the regular hexagonal metal radiating patches printed on the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate, wherein the size of the cut gaps is Ls=10mm and width WsAnd =27mm, forming a multi-branch gap.
The overall size of the antenna of the invention is 1.25 lambda0×1.44λ0×0.08λ0(λ0Is the wavelength of the center frequency in free space). As shown in a result diagram of a gain change curve of the super-surface antenna designed by the invention, as shown in FIG. 7, the peak gain of the antenna is 12.02dB and has good gain flatness, namely the antenna is within the range of 4.1-5.9 GHz, the gain range is 9-12 dB, and compared with the uniformly distributed super-surface antenna, the gain is gradually increased from 7dB to 11.5dB and then is rapidly decreased to 7.5dB, and the gain flatness is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the height of the section of the super-surface antenna is only 4.853mm, and compared with the size of the section of the conventional antenna, the super-surface antenna reduces by 1mm, thereby verifying that the antenna has a broadband,high gain and low profile, thereby enabling the super-surface antenna to have a wider application range.
According to the E-plane and H-plane directional diagrams of three representative frequency points in the impedance bandwidth range of the super-surface antenna, as shown in FIG. 8, the 3dB beam width of the E-plane directional diagram of the 4.2GHz antenna is 46 degrees, and the 3dB beam width of the H-plane directional diagram of the 4.2Gz antenna is 64 degrees; as shown in fig. 9, the E-plane pattern 3dB beam width of the 5.2GHz antenna is 30 °, and the H-plane pattern 3dB beam width of the 5.2GHz antenna is 42 °; the 6.2GHz antenna E area pattern 3dB beamwidth is 33 deg. and the H area pattern 3dB beamwidth is 47 deg. as shown in fig. 10. The antenna has a multi-beam-shaped directional diagram at high frequency, and the influence of the non-uniform super-surface units and the coupling gaps on the radiation characteristic of the antenna is realized, so that the super-surface antenna disclosed by the invention has a wide beam width radiation characteristic at three frequency points of 4.2GHz, 5.2GHz and 6.2 GHz.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a hexagonal super surperficial broadband high gain antenna which characterized in that, this antenna is regular hexagon structure, and it includes from last to down in proper order: the structure comprises a first super-surface unit structure layer (1), a second super-surface unit structure layer (2), an air dielectric layer (3) and a feed grounding layer (4);
the first super-surface unit structure layer (1) and the second super-surface unit structure layer (2) are stacked together, the second super-surface unit structure layer (2) and the feed grounding layer (4) are arranged up and down in a non-contact mode, and an air cavity formed between the first super-surface unit structure layer and the feed grounding layer is an air dielectric layer (3);
the first super-surface unit structure layer (1) and the second super-surface unit structure layer (2) are printed with a plurality of hexagonally-surrounding regular hexagon metal radiation patch arrays, and each hexagonally-surrounding regular hexagon metal radiation patch array comprises a plurality of hexagonally-surrounding regular hexagon metal radiation patches;
the first super-surface unit structure layer (1) and the second super-surface unit structure layer (2) are both regular hexagon dielectric substrates, and a plurality of hexagonal surrounding regular hexagon metal radiation patch arrays are printed on the regular hexagon dielectric substrates;
the size of each hexagonal metal radiating patch in the hexagonal surrounding metal radiating patch array is gradually reduced from the center to the edge of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate by taking the hexagonal metal radiating patches printed in the middle of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrate as the center; and the sizes of the plurality of regular hexagonal metal radiating patches in each regular hexagonal metal radiating patch array are the same.
2. The hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric constant epsilon of the regular hexagonal dielectric substrater=3.55; loss tangent δ =0.0027; thickness H =1.52mm; the adjacent patch gap g =1mm ± 0.1mm on the diagonal of the hexagonal substrate.
3. The hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the air dielectric layer (3) has =1 ± 0.1mm.
4. The hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feeding ground layer (4) is a feeding dielectric substrate, the upper layer of the feeding ground layer is printed with a multi-branch slot, and the lower layer of the feeding ground layer is printed with a rectangular metal feeding microstrip line with a fan-shaped tail end.
5. The hexagonal super-surface broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 4, wherein the length of the metal feed microstrip line is Lf=37.5mm ± 0.5mm, and the width of the metal feed microstrip line is Wf=2mm ± 0.2mm, and the opening angle θ of the open sector at the end of the metal feed microstrip line =120 °± 1 °, with sector radius R =2.5mm ± 0.25mm.
6. A hexagonal ultra-surface broadband high gain antenna according to claim 1, characterized by the thickness H1=0.813mm of the feeding ground layer (4).
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| CN114927867B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-07-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low-side-lobe OAM antenna of integrated low section |
| CN116154469B (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-06-23 | 电子科技大学 | Ultra-surface broadband omnidirectional antenna with low out-of-roundness |
| CN116666949B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-05-28 | 广东工业大学 | Resonant body coupling enhanced photoconductive antenna |
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