CN110176663A - Circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna - Google Patents

Circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110176663A
CN110176663A CN201910539952.3A CN201910539952A CN110176663A CN 110176663 A CN110176663 A CN 110176663A CN 201910539952 A CN201910539952 A CN 201910539952A CN 110176663 A CN110176663 A CN 110176663A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
patch antenna
microstrip patch
dielectric substrate
polarization microstrip
circularly polarization
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CN201910539952.3A
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CN110176663B (en
Inventor
施静
李庚禄
华娟
刘兆
吴艳杰
李铎
张慧龙
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Jiangsu Three And A Communication Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Three And A Communication Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910539952.3A priority Critical patent/CN110176663B/en
Publication of CN110176663A publication Critical patent/CN110176663A/en
Application granted granted Critical
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna, comprising: conductive earthing plane, the dielectric substrate in conductive earthing plane, the radiation fin at the top of dielectric substrate and several feed probes set on dielectric substrate surrounding side wall;Dielectric substrate includes the high dielectric constant dielectric substrate of lower layer and the medium with low dielectric constant substrate on upper layer;Radiation fin is a laminar circular metal conductor, and the gear shaped opening of a symmetrical configuration is machined in the middle part of the radiation fin;Present invention employs gradual change folded form side coupling feed ways, feed probes gradual change bending, the processing is simple, wider bandwidth easy to form, antenna circular polarisation performance improves, and phase center is stablized, and can be realized simultaneously dextrorotation and left-handed two kinds of circular polarisation, is particularly suitable for precise measurement and guidance position system terminal equipment;Using the dielectric substrate of two kinds of differing dielectric constants, the product of design, size is small, light-weight, and gain band is wide, can reach 25% or more.

Description

Circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna technical fields, and in particular to a kind of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna.
Background technique
Circular polarized antenna emits as a kind of or receives the component of radio wave, play in a wireless communication system to Important role is closed, especially in satellite communication and Spacecraft TT&C equipment.
Present satellites navigation equipment is answered in fields such as positioning, measurement, time service, high-precision agricultural and intelligent transportation With increasingly extensive.Navigation equipment is generally dynamically poor in real time using RTK(in order to obtain the above high accuracy positioning requirement of decimeter grade Point-score) technology, the antenna of equipment will generally have dual frequency characteristics at this time, and should have wider bandwidth of operation (gain bandwidth, wave Band is wide and axial ratio bandwidth) and size more compact, simultaneous processing manufacture will be simple etc..Since micro-strip paster antenna has shape Shape is small, at low cost, easy conformal, easy processing and the advantages that circular polarisation easy to accomplish, and is widely used, and circular polarized antenna is also such as This.
The problem of current circular polarized antenna is primarily present are as follows:
1. common microstrip antenna whole realization single-layer medium realizes a working band, this bandwidth of operation is narrow, work Bandwidth only has 5%z or so, cannot apply very well in ultra wide band (spread spectrum) communication system.If increasing bandwidth, generally require to adopt Use the medium of low-k as antenna substrate material, antenna size will increase at this time.
2. conventional helical antenna bandwidth, wave beam is wide, directional diagram is symmetrical, wide angle circular polarisation performance is good, the disadvantage is that can only be real An existing polarization mode.In the occasion for needing double-circle polarization, it is unable to satisfy application.
3. array antenna (or a period of time deformation), symmetrical, the wide angle circular polarisation performance of bandwidth, directional diagram is good, the disadvantage is that wave beam It is not wide enough, structure is more complex, size is larger.
Traditional microstrip antenna whole realization double frequency is using stacked, i.e. one working band of general one layer of realization, and two layers Superposition is to realize double frequency.The radiation of its whole realization upper frequency at the middle and upper levels, lower layer realize the radiation of lower frequency.Wherein lower layer Radiation patch serve as the floor of last time patch.This structure feed is more complicated, at the same the patch on upper layer often under the influence of The performance of layer patch, causes the decline of lower layer's patch performance, also, conventional microstrip Antenna Operation narrow bandwidth, cannot cover very well Multiple satellite navigation systems.If increasing bandwidth, medium using low-k is generally required as antenna substrate material, this When antenna size will increase.
Circular polarized antenna is since there is no polarization mismatch phenomenon, it is easier to obtain the lower balance reception power of correlation and Greater advantage is presented.A pair of of left-hand circular polarization wave and the cross polarization each other of right-handed circular polarization wave, it is ideally a pair of to hand over each other It pitches polarized wave to be mutually isolated, i.e., is the signal that can not receive RHCP incoming wave with the antenna of LHCP, vice versa.In fact Not absolute circular polarisation and linear polarization, the endpoint trace of the instantaneous electric field vector of any polarized wave are one oval, elliptical length The ratio between axis and short axle are referred to as axis ratio AR (Axial Ratio), are generally indicated with dB.Axis ratio is that one of circular polarized antenna is important Performance indicator, it represents the purity of circular polarisation, generally the bandwidth by axis than being not more than 3dB, is defined as the circular polarisation band of antenna It is wide.It is to measure antenna to the important indicator of the signal gain otherness of different directions.
The characteristics of circularly polarised wave is, the vertical component of electric field and the equal in magnitude of horizontal component and 90 degree of phase phase difference.One As in the case of, microstrip antenna is linear polarization.But if special feeding classification is used to microstrip antenna, two are motivated in patch Degeneracy obtains orthogonal modes, is allowed to amplitude equal phase and differs 90 degree, it can obtains circularly polarised wave.Circular polarisation is rotated according to electric field Direction is different can be divided into left-handed and right-handed circular polarization again.Circularly polarized signal can change by reflection, strong according to reflection signal Weak, whether we substantially can be inferred that the signal by reflection and order of reflection, and in this, as the foundation of signal detection, So in measurement and control area application also than wide.
Circular polarized antenna usually has the forms such as helical antenna, right-angled intersection a period of time, microstrip antenna, wherein due to spiral day Line is the disadvantage is that a polarization mode can only be realized.It is higher to intersect a period of time this kind of antenna profile, is unfavorable for being integrated into mobile terminal and sets For, microstrip antenna is with its distinctive advantage, such as profile is low, light weight and cost is small, easily conformal, and is easy to be formed simultaneously Left-handed and two kinds of polarized signals of dextrorotation become essential in special occasions.But traditional microstrip antenna bandwidth of operation is narrow, and one As be 3%-5%, in spread spectrum communication, be not available.Broadening circular polarized antenna frequency bandwidth is the key that improve its practical value, It is especially applied in ultra-wideband communications, interference free performance can be greatly improved, be the research for realizing antenna broadband and miniaturization Emphasis.
Summary of the invention
The small circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna of wide, high gain that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of work belts, size.
It is a further object to provide a kind of compact-sized, simple circularly polarization microstrip patch antennas of feed.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention discloses a kind of circularly polarization microstrip patch antennas, comprising: conductive earthing Plane, the dielectric substrate in conductive earthing plane, the radiation fin at the top of dielectric substrate and be set to dielectric substrate four Several feed probes of all side walls;
The dielectric substrate includes the high dielectric constant dielectric substrate of lower layer and the medium with low dielectric constant substrate on upper layer;
The radiation fin is a laminar circular metal conductor, and the gear-like of a symmetrical configuration is machined in the middle part of the radiation fin Opening.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate of the high dielectric constant dielectric substrate and medium with low dielectric constant substrate composition is rank Scalariform rotary table;The feed probes feed radiation fin using gradual change folded form side coupling feed way, the feed Probe be gradually broaden or narrow from top to bottom, stair-stepping sheet metal or flexible circuit board.
Preferably, the feed probes are orthogonal feed probes.
Preferably, the conductive earthing plane is pcb board, the bottom of the feed probes and conductive earthing planar insulative It is welded and fixed.
Preferably, the feed probes have it is symmetrical two or more.
Preferably, position processing corresponding with feed probes is jagged on the medium with low dielectric constant substrate.
Preferably, the indentations bottom is protruded into the feed probes upper end.
Preferably, the circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna surface is machined with several symmetrical and perforation mounting hole, makes to justify Polarization micro-strip patch antenna can be used fastener and carry out installation fixation.
Preferably, the feed probes welding or gluing are symmetrically fixed on high dielectric constant dielectric substrate outer surface.
Preferably, it is solid in the middle part of the circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna or is machined with circular through hole.
Circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna of the invention, has at least the following advantages:
1. using gradual change folded form side coupling feed way, different from tradition stacking coaxial feed microstrip antenna and do not change Side coupling feed way, feed probes use the metal wire or flexible circuit board of gradual change bending, and the processing is simple, and easy to form Wider bandwidth, antenna circular polarisation performance improve, and phase center is stablized, and realizes ultra wide band, can be realized simultaneously dextrorotation With left-handed two kinds of circular polarisation, meet double-circle polarization signal and receive (or transmitting) application demand, be particularly suitable for precise measurement and Guide position system terminal equipment.
2. the middle section of antenna can be made into hollow form, convenient to use on special aircraft.
3. using the dielectric substrate of two kinds of differing dielectric constants, the product of design, size is small, and light-weight, gain band is wide, It can reach 25% or more.
4. performance can be more preferable in general, antenna more thicker strip is wide;Product of the present invention is readily formed, due to not being related to The techniques such as the metallization VIA of conventional microstrip antenna are easy the thicker antenna of production.
5. the radiation fin of antenna is individually in dielectric substrate top layer, easy to process, also, by adjusting the outer of radiation fin Diameter, internal diameter, sawtooth length and width, are finely adjusted operating frequency of antenna, industrialization are facilitated to process, and work in-process has preferably Error resilience performance improves product qualification rate, reduces production cost.
6. passing through the material medium for adjusting high dielectric constant dielectric substrate and medium with low dielectric constant substrate in dielectric substrate Constant and thickness can obtain different operating frequency, gain and bandwidth of operation, industrialization facilitated to process.
7. the setting of notch enhances the fixed effect to medium with low dielectric constant substrate;When carrying out glue encapsulating, Provide channel, convenient glue flowing.
8. dielectric substrate is ladder-like rotary table, after encapsulating, more impact resisting vibrating.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the feed probes of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a kind of antenna gain bandwidth test figure of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna.
Fig. 5 is a kind of antenna axial ratio test chart of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna.
Fig. 6 is a kind of center frequency point beam angle test chart of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna.
Fig. 7 is a kind of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna circuit diagram of 4 feed probes.
Fig. 8 is a kind of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna circuit diagram of 2 feed probes.
Figure label are as follows: 1- conductive earthing plane, 2- high dielectric constant dielectric substrate, 3- medium with low dielectric constant substrate, 4- radiation fin, 5- feed probes, 6- circular through hole, 7- notch, 8- gear shaped opening, 9- mounting hole.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to enable those skilled in the art referring to specification Text can be implemented accordingly.
Such as " have " it should be appreciated that used herein, "comprising" and " comprising " term are not precluded one or more The presence or addition of a other elements or combinations thereof.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1-3, a kind of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna, comprising: conductive earthing plane 1 is set in conductive earthing plane Dielectric substrate, the radiation fin 4 at the top of dielectric substrate and several feed probes 5 set on dielectric substrate surrounding side wall;
The dielectric substrate includes the high dielectric constant dielectric substrate 2 of lower layer and the medium with low dielectric constant substrate 3 on upper layer;Pass through Different materials dielectric constant and its thickness are adjusted, different operating frequency, gain and bandwidth of operation can be obtained.
The radiation fin 4 is a laminar circular metal conductor, is machined with a symmetrical configuration in the middle part of the radiation fin Gear shaped opening 8, for receiving or emitting signal.In Fig. 2, the outer diameter D 1 of radiation fin, internal diameter D2, sawtooth length L1, width W1 It is adjusted matching, the working frequency of radiation fin can be finely adjusted in a certain range.
The dielectric substrate of the high dielectric constant dielectric substrate and medium with low dielectric constant substrate composition is ladder-like rotary table; The feed probes feed radiation fin using gradual change folded form side coupling feed way, and the feed probes are by upper It gradually broadens or narrows under, stair-stepping sheet metal or flexible circuit board.In Fig. 3, JW1 be feed probes upper width, JW2 is width in the middle part of feed probes, JW3 is feed probes lower width, in the present embodiment, three parameters of JW1, JW2, JW3 It is sequentially reduced.
The feed probes are orthogonal feed probes.
The conductive earthing plane is pcb board, and bottom and the conductive earthing planar insulative of the feed probes are welded and fixed.
The feed probes have symmetrical 4.
Position processing jagged 7 corresponding with feed probes on the medium with low dielectric constant substrate.The setting is main It is used in special occasions, when carrying out glue encapsulating, convenient glue flowing.
The indentations bottom is protruded into the feed probes upper end.The setting can well fix medium with low dielectric constant base Piece, after the structure encapsulating of ladder-like rotary table, more impact resisting vibrating.
The circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna surface is machined with 4 symmetrical and perforation mounting holes 9, pastes circularly polarization microstrip Chip antenna can be used fastener and carry out installation fixation.
The feed probes welding or gluing are symmetrically fixed on high dielectric constant dielectric substrate outer surface.
It is circular through hole 6 in the middle part of the circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna, it is convenient to be used on special aircraft.
Embodiment 2
Such as Fig. 4, a kind of antenna gain bandwidth test figure of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna in embodiment 1 is shown.
Such as Fig. 5, a kind of antenna axial ratio test chart of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna in embodiment 1 is shown.
Such as Fig. 6, a kind of center frequency point beam angle test chart of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna in embodiment 1 is shown.
As it can be seen that the circularly polarized antenna device in embodiment 1 has, axial ratio bandwidth is big, work belt is wide, phase center is stable The features such as.
Embodiment 3
As Fig. 7 passes through signal phase shift per adjacent 2, what is obtained after combining is good left-handed using 4 orthogonal feed probes It is exported with right-handed circular polarization signal.(the wherein coupler that Hybrid is 90 degree of phase shift).
Four feed probes, the loss of feed circuit is big, but acquisition circular polarisation performance is good, antenna symmetry, thus phase Position central stabilizer.
Embodiment 4
Such as Fig. 8,2 orthogonal feed probes can also be used, adjacent signals are by combining, it is also possible to obtain good left-handed and right Hand circular polarization signal:
2 feed probes, the loss of feed circuit is small, it is hereby achieved that higher gain.
Different application scenarios can be directed to, 2 or multiple feed probes are chosen.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited In specific details and embodiment shown and described herein.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna characterized by comprising conductive earthing plane is set in conductive earthing plane Dielectric substrate, the radiation fin at the top of dielectric substrate and several feed probes set on dielectric substrate surrounding side wall;
The dielectric substrate includes the high dielectric constant dielectric substrate of lower layer and the medium with low dielectric constant substrate on upper layer;
The radiation fin is a laminar circular metal conductor, and the gear-like of a symmetrical configuration is machined in the middle part of the radiation fin Opening.
2. circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the high dielectric constant dielectric substrate and The dielectric substrate of medium with low dielectric constant substrate composition is ladder-like rotary table;The feed probes use gradual change folded form side coupling Close feeding classification radiation fin is fed, the feed probes be gradually broaden or narrow from top to bottom, stair-stepping metal Thin slice or flexible circuit board.
3. circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the feed probes are orthogonal feed spy Needle.
4. circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the conductive earthing plane is pcb board, The bottom of the feed probes is welded and fixed with conductive earthing planar insulative.
5. the circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as described in claim 1-4 any one, which is characterized in that the feed probes have It is symmetrical two or more.
6. circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that on the medium with low dielectric constant substrate Position processing corresponding with feed probes is jagged.
7. circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the feed probes upper end is protruded into described Indentations bottom.
8. circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna table Face is machined with several symmetrical and perforation mounting hole, makes circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna that fastener can be used and carries out installation fixation.
9. circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the feed probes welding or gluing pair Title is fixed on high dielectric constant dielectric substrate outer surface.
10. circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the circularly polarization microstrip patch antenna Middle part is solid or is machined with circular through hole.
CN201910539952.3A 2019-06-21 2019-06-21 Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna Active CN110176663B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111668600A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-09-15 成都海澳科技有限公司 Split type navigation antenna
CN111987435A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-11-24 华南理工大学 Low-profile dual-polarized antenna, array antenna and wireless communication equipment
CN115101930A (en) * 2022-07-15 2022-09-23 广东工业大学 Dual-frequency satellite navigation antenna with edge-loaded resonant branches

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102468534A (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-23 北京和协航电科技有限公司 Single-layer double-frequency microstrip antenna
CN103367933A (en) * 2013-07-16 2013-10-23 深圳市华信天线技术有限公司 Antenna assembly
US20140210678A1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2014-07-31 The Ohio State University Compact dual band gnss antenna design
KR101856880B1 (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-05-10 호남대학교 산학협력단 Patch antenna system using air dielectric
CN209896237U (en) * 2019-06-21 2020-01-03 江苏三和欣创通信科技有限公司 Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102468534A (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-23 北京和协航电科技有限公司 Single-layer double-frequency microstrip antenna
US20140210678A1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2014-07-31 The Ohio State University Compact dual band gnss antenna design
CN103367933A (en) * 2013-07-16 2013-10-23 深圳市华信天线技术有限公司 Antenna assembly
KR101856880B1 (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-05-10 호남대학교 산학협력단 Patch antenna system using air dielectric
CN209896237U (en) * 2019-06-21 2020-01-03 江苏三和欣创通信科技有限公司 Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111668600A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-09-15 成都海澳科技有限公司 Split type navigation antenna
CN111668600B (en) * 2020-06-28 2024-04-19 成都海澳科技有限公司 Split type navigation antenna
CN111987435A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-11-24 华南理工大学 Low-profile dual-polarized antenna, array antenna and wireless communication equipment
CN111987435B (en) * 2020-07-03 2021-11-12 华南理工大学 Low-profile dual-polarized antenna, array antenna and wireless communication equipment
CN115101930A (en) * 2022-07-15 2022-09-23 广东工业大学 Dual-frequency satellite navigation antenna with edge-loaded resonant branches
CN115101930B (en) * 2022-07-15 2022-11-15 广东工业大学 Dual-frequency satellite navigation antenna with edge-loaded resonant branches

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