CN112531323A - Antenna - Google Patents
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- CN112531323A CN112531323A CN201910888128.9A CN201910888128A CN112531323A CN 112531323 A CN112531323 A CN 112531323A CN 201910888128 A CN201910888128 A CN 201910888128A CN 112531323 A CN112531323 A CN 112531323A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
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- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 67
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to an antenna. The antenna includes: the antenna array comprises a first polarization port, a second polarization port and a plurality of array elements, wherein the first polarization port and the second polarization port are respectively connected with the array elements, and the first polarization port and the second polarization port correspond to different polarization directions. Therefore, each array element in the antenna array can radiate out radio frequency signals from the first polarization port and the second polarization port to obtain two linear polarization waves in different directions, and therefore the dual-polarization antenna is achieved. In addition, the two linearly polarized waves are radiated through the same array element, namely, the linearly polarized waves are radiated in a common caliber, so that the overall size of the antenna is reduced. In addition, the antenna adopts a multi-antenna array and is provided with two polarized ports, so that the antenna gain can be improved, bandwidth resources can be more effectively utilized, and the frequency spectrum utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, such as 5G mobile communication, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-ground wireless communication, vehicle-mounted radar, and the like, large-scale commercial use, the wireless communication technologies are required to utilize bandwidth resources more efficiently so as to improve the spectrum utilization rate. Therefore, an antenna technology with high gain, dual polarization common aperture and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) becomes a key technology. In addition, the antenna is also required to be small in size, low in profile and convenient to array.
At present, the antenna technology mainly includes the following three types: (1) a single antenna array is adopted, wherein the gain is improved by increasing the number of array elements in the single antenna array, although the directivity of the antenna can be improved, the requirement of high-speed data transmission cannot be met, and the network bandwidth is not effectively utilized; (2) by adopting a receiving grading mode, although the receiving rate of a receiving end is doubled, the requirement of higher data transmission rate cannot be met, and meanwhile, a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna only adopt a single antenna, so that the gain is low; (3) the dual polarization is realized by the two independent antennas through cross arrangement and cross feeding, so that the overall size of the antenna system is increased undoubtedly.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the problems in the related art, the present disclosure provides an antenna.
In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides an antenna, including a reflection plate, a plurality of antenna arrays, and feeding networks connected to the plurality of antenna arrays in a one-to-one correspondence manner, where each feeding network is disposed on the reflection plate, and each antenna array includes a first polarization port, a second polarization port, and a plurality of array elements, where the first polarization port and the second polarization port are connected to each array element respectively, and the first polarization port and the second polarization port correspond to different polarization directions.
Optionally, the array element includes an antenna radiation unit and a balun component;
the antenna radiating element and corresponding feedThe distance between the electrical networks being equal to
Wherein, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the central frequency point;
the antenna radiation unit is connected with the corresponding feed network through the balun component.
Optionally, the antenna radiation unit is of a planar structure and is arranged in parallel with the corresponding feed network; and/or
The balun component is perpendicular to the antenna radiation unit.
Optionally, the balun component comprises a first feeding balun and a second feeding balun, wherein the first feeding balun and the second feeding balun are mutually crossed.
Optionally, the first feeding balun and the second feeding balun are arranged in a cross shape.
Optionally, the first feeding balun and the second feeding balun are both double-sided copper-clad printed circuit boards.
Optionally, the antenna radiation unit includes a first substrate and an antenna radiation patch that are stacked;
the first feed balun comprises a first feed line, a second substrate and a first balance balun, wherein the first feed line and the first balance balun are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the second substrate;
the second feeding balun comprises a second feeding line, a third base material and a second balance balun, wherein the second feeding line and the second balance balun are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the third base material;
the feed network comprises a transmission line, a grounding plate and a fourth substrate, wherein the grounding plate and the fourth substrate are stacked, and the transmission line is arranged on the fourth substrate and on one surface, which is far away from the grounding plate;
the first feed balun is clamped into the second clamping groove so as to be intersected with the second feed balun.
Optionally, the antenna radiation unit is provided with a plurality of radiation slots.
Optionally, the antenna radiation unit is a disc structure with a first positioning groove at the center, the feed network is provided with second positioning grooves corresponding to the balun components one to one, two opposite ends of the balun components are respectively inserted into the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove to connect the antenna radiation unit with the corresponding feed network, wherein the second positioning groove is connected with the first polarization port and the second polarization port through transmission lines in the feed network, and the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove are both fork-shaped.
Optionally, the centre of gravity of the fork is formed with a cylindrical solid;
the two opposite ends of the balun component are positioning plug-ins which are respectively matched with the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove in shape.
Optionally, the feed network is a microstrip feed network.
Optionally, the distance between each array element in the antenna array is within
In the range, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency point.
The present disclosure also provides a base station including the antenna provided by the present disclosure.
In the above technical solution, each antenna array includes a first polarization port and a second polarization port, and the first polarization port and the second polarization port are respectively connected to each array element in the antenna array, so that each array element in the antenna array can radiate out radio frequency signals from the first polarization port and the second polarization port corresponding to different polarization directions, thereby obtaining two linear polarization waves in different directions, and making the antenna have good cross polarization characteristics, thereby implementing a dual-polarization antenna. In addition, the two linear polarization waves are radiated by the same array element, namely, the linear polarization waves are radiated with the same aperture, and the non-traditional dual-polarization antenna needs to realize dual polarization by two array elements (namely, one array element is responsible for one polarization). In addition, the antenna adopts a multi-antenna array and is provided with two polarized ports, so that not only can the antenna gain be improved, but also the bandwidth resources can be more effectively utilized, the frequency spectrum utilization rate is improved, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna array structure according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of an antenna array element according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of an antenna radiating element according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a balun assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5A is a front view of a first feeding balun shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5B is a rear view of a first feed balun shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6A is a front view of a second feeding balun shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6B is a rear view of a second feed balun shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 7A is a top view of a feed network shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 7B is a bottom view of a feed network shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating connection between a balun component and an antenna radiating element and a feeding network according to an exemplary embodiment.
Description of the reference numerals
1 reflector 2 antenna array
3 feed network 21 first polarization port
22 second polarization port 23 array element
31 transmission line 32 ground plate
33 fourth substrate 34 second positioning groove
231 antenna radiation unit 232 balun component
311 first feeding point 312 second feeding point
341 third sub-positioning groove 342 fourth sub-positioning groove
2311A first substrate 2312A antenna radiation patch
2313 radiation gap 2314 first locating groove
2321 first feed balun 2322 second feed balun
23141 first sub-positioning groove 23142 second sub-positioning groove
23211 first feed line 23212 second substrate
23213 first balance balun 23214 first clamping groove
23221 second feed line 23222 third substrate
23223 second balance balun 23224 second detent groove
232111 first connection point 232131 second connection point
232132 third connection point 232211 fourth connection point
232231 fifth connection point 232232 sixth connection point
232121 first positioning insert 232122 second positioning insert
232221 third locating insert 232222 fourth locating insert
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the use of directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are generally defined based on the direction of the drawing shown in the drawings, and "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer of the outline of the corresponding component, and furthermore, the use of the terms "first", "second", and the like in the present disclosure is intended to distinguish one element from another without order or importance, and in addition, when the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna provided by the present disclosure may include a reflection plate 1, a plurality of antenna arrays 2, and a feeding network 3 connected to the plurality of antenna arrays 2 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
In the present disclosure, the antenna may comprise a plurality of antenna arrays 2, and each antenna array 2 may comprise a first polarization port 21, a second polarization port 22, and a plurality of array elements 23. As shown in fig. 1, each of the feeding networks 3 is provided on the reflection plate 1, and each of the first polarization port 21 and the second polarization port 22 is connected to each of the array elements 23. In addition, the first polarization port 21 and the second polarization port 22 correspond to different polarization directions. In addition, the distance between the adjacent antenna arrays 2 is greater than λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency point (b
Where c is the speed of light and f is the frequency of the center frequency point), so that mutual interference between two adjacent antenna arrays 2 and between corresponding feed networks 3 can be avoided. In addition, in order to obtain good pattern performance, the distance between each array element 23 in the antenna array 2 is within
Within the range.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna includes two antenna arrays 2, and the two antenna arrays 2 are arranged side by side, and each antenna array 2 includes two array elements 23, wherein each array element 23 is connected to the first polarization port 21 and the second polarization port 22.
In addition, it should be noted that, the arrangement manner between the antenna arrays 2 in the antenna may be the side-by-side arrangement shown in fig. 1, and may also be other arrangement manners (for example, multiple rows and multiple columns are arranged), which is not specifically limited in this disclosure, and a user may design the antenna according to the performance requirement and the directional pattern requirement of the antenna.
In addition, a user may design more array elements 23 in the same antenna array 2 according to the antenna performance requirement, which is not limited to the number of array elements shown in fig. 1, and the arrangement manner between the array elements 23 in the antenna array 2 is not limited to the side-by-side manner shown in fig. 1, and may also be other arrangement manners (for example, multiple rows and multiple columns are arranged), which is not specifically limited in this disclosure, and the user may design itself according to the antenna performance requirement and the directional pattern requirement.
In the present disclosure, the reflector 1 may be used to effectively radiate electromagnetic energy radiated from the antenna array 2 to an upper space, form an ideal directional pattern, and shield a rear interference signal. It may be a metal plate of copper, aluminum, stainless steel or the like, and may have a thickness of, for example, 1.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the array element 23 may include an antenna radiation element 231 and a balun element 232.
In the present disclosure, the antenna radiation element 231 may participate in the array radiation of the antenna as an antenna basic radiation element. Also, the antenna radiation element 231 may be a cross-disposed half-wave dipole that can form dual polarization, wherein the half-wave dipole may be, for example, in a metal die-cast form, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) form, or the like.
Illustratively, the antenna radiating element 231 is in the form of a PCB, for example, a circular single-sided copper-clad PCB. As shown in fig. 3, the antenna radiation unit 231 may include a first substrate 2311 and an antenna radiation patch 2312 stacked together. Wherein the first substrate 2311 may be made of Rogers 4350B, FR-4, etc., and has a thickness of 0.762 mm; the antenna radiation patch 2312 (i.e., a copper sheet) is covered on the first substrate 2311 to form a PCB, i.e., the antenna radiation unit 231 is a circular single-sided copper-clad PCB, and the diameter of the antenna radiation patch 2312 may be equal to
As shown in fig. 4, the balun component 232 may include a first feeding balun 2321 and a second feeding balun 2322, wherein the first feeding balun 2321 and the second feeding balun 2322 cross each other.
In the present disclosure, the first feeding balun 2321 and the second feeding balun 2322 may be double-sided copper-clad PCBs, so that the radiating characteristics are good, the processing and the forming are easy, and the material hardness has a good supporting function.
As shown in fig. 5A and 5B, the first feeding balun 2321 may include a first feeding line 23211, a second substrate 23212 and a first balancing balun 23213, and the first feeding line 23211 and the first balancing balun 23213 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second substrate 23212. The first feed line 23211 (i.e., a copper sheet) and the first balancing balun 23213 (i.e., a copper sheet) are covered on two opposite surfaces of the second substrate 23213 to form a PCB, that is, the first feed balun 2321 is a PCB with double-sided copper cladding.
In the present disclosure, the second substrate 23212 may be rogers 4350B, FR-4, and the like. The user can select a suitable substrate according to the frequency band applied by the present disclosure, so that the substrate has good radio frequency characteristics in the designed frequency band, and has high stability and low loss.
As shown in fig. 6A and 6B, the second feeding balun 2322 may include a second feeding line 23221, a third substrate 23222 and a second balancing balun 23223, and the second feeding line 23221 and the second balancing balun 23223 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the third substrate 23222. The second feeding line 23221 (i.e., a copper sheet) and the second balancing balun 23223 (i.e., a copper sheet) are covered on two opposite surfaces of the third substrate 23222 to form a PCB, that is, the second feeding balun 2322 is a PCB with double-sided copper cladding.
In the present disclosure, the third substrate 23222 may be rogers 4350B, FR-4, and the like. The user can select a suitable substrate according to the frequency band applied by the present disclosure, so that the substrate has good radio frequency characteristics in the designed frequency band, and has high stability and low loss.
In addition, as shown in fig. 5A, the second substrate 23212 may be provided with a first clamping groove 23214, and as shown in fig. 6A, the third substrate 23222 may be provided with a second clamping groove 23224. The first feeding balun 2321 is snapped into the second latching slot 23224 so as to cross the second feeding balun 2322. Specifically, as can be seen from fig. 4 to fig. 6B, the first clamping groove 23214 of the first feeding balun 2321 clamps the third base 23222 of the second feeding balun 2322, so as to achieve positioning, and at the same time, the second clamping groove 23224 of the second feeding balun 2322 clamps the second base 23212 of the first feeding balun 2321, so as to achieve positioning, so that the first feeding balun 2321 and the second feeding balun 2322 form a cross-coupled balun component, so as to achieve supporting and positioning of the antenna radiation unit 231 and the feeding network 3, and can provide a dual-polarized radio frequency signal to the antenna radiation unit 231.
The first feeding balun 2321 and the second feeding balun 2322 are arranged to intersect, and may form any intersection angle therebetween, for example, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, and so on. Preferably, the first feeding balun 2321 and the second feeding balun 2322 are disposed to intersect at 90 °, that is, disposed in a cross shape (i.e., disposed orthogonally), so that the radio frequency signals input from the first polarization port 21 and the second polarization port 22 form two orthogonal linearly polarized waves at the antenna radiation unit 231, thereby minimizing interference between the two linearly polarized waves.
Returning to fig. 1, the feeding network 3 is a connection device connecting the corresponding array element 23 with the first polarization port 21 and the second polarization port 22, and may be a microstrip feeding network, a coaxial feeding network, or the like. Preferably, the feeding network 3 is a microstrip feeding network, so that the volume of the antenna can be reduced and the integration of the antenna is facilitated.
In the present disclosure, the feeding network 3 may be configured to distribute the energy signals transmitted from the first polarization port 21 and the second polarization port 22 to each array element 23 (i.e., the antenna radiation unit 231) according to a certain power and a certain phase.
As shown in fig. 7A and 7B, the feeding network 3 may include a transmission line 31, a ground plate 32, and a fourth substrate 33. The ground plate 32 and the fourth substrate 33 may be stacked, and the transmission line 31 is disposed on the fourth substrate 33 and on a surface facing away from the ground plate 32. With this configuration, the reflector 1 is provided on the ground plate 32 side of the power supply network 3, that is, the reflector 1 can be provided in close contact with the ground plate 32 side of the power supply network 3. In this way, the reflection plate 1 is in metal conduction with the ground plate 32 of the feeding network 3, i.e. forms a ground plane.
In the present disclosure, the fourth substrate 33 may be made of Rogers 4350, FR-4, or the like, and may have a thickness of 1.524 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the antenna radiation unit 231 may be a disc structure with a first positioning slot 2314 formed in the center, and as shown in fig. 7B, the feeding network 3 is formed with second positioning slots 34 corresponding to the balun components 232 one to one. The two opposite ends of the balun component 232 are respectively inserted into the first positioning slot 2314 and the second positioning slot 34, so as to connect the antenna radiation unit 231 with the corresponding feed network 3; in addition, the second positioning groove 34 is connected to the first polarization port 21 and the second polarization port 22 through the transmission line 31 in the feeding network 3, respectively, and the first positioning groove 2314 and the second positioning groove 34 are each fork-shaped.
In one embodiment, the center of gravity of the fork is hollow.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, 7A and 7B, the center of gravity of the fork is formed with a cylindrical solid, wherein the opposite ends of the balun component 232 are positioning inserts that are respectively adapted to the shape of the first positioning groove 2314 and the second positioning groove 34.
For example, as shown in fig. 5A and 5B, the opposite ends of the first feeding balun 2321 are respectively shaped as a positioning plug of a "concave" shape and a positioning plug of a "convex" shape.
In addition, for the stability of the antenna, after the opposite ends of the balun assembly 232 are inserted into the first positioning slot 2314 and the second positioning slot 34, respectively, the corresponding connection points may be welded.
In addition, the first positioning groove 2314 and the second positioning groove 34 may be through grooves (as shown in fig. 3 and 7B) or non-through grooves, and are not particularly limited in this disclosure.
The following describes in detail how the lower antenna radiating elements 231 are connected to the respective feed networks 3 via the balun components 232.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 8, the first positioning insert 232121 of the second substrate 23212 is inserted into the first sub-positioning slot 23141 of the antenna radiation unit 231 above, and the third positioning insert 232221 of the third substrate 23222 is inserted into the second sub-positioning slot 23142 of the antenna radiation unit 231 above, so as to achieve the positioning of the balun component 232 and the antenna radiation unit 231, so that the first balanced balun 23213 in the first feeding balun 2321 can be connected to the antenna radiation patch 2312 in the antenna radiation unit 231 above through the second connection point 232131, and the second balanced balun 23223 in the second feeding balun 2322 can be connected to the antenna radiation patch 2312 in the antenna radiation unit 231 above through the fifth connection point 232231; the second positioning plug 232122 of the second substrate 23212 is inserted into the third sub-positioning slot 341 of the feeding network 3 below, and the fourth positioning plug 232222 of the third substrate 23222 is inserted into the fourth sub-positioning slot 342 of the feeding network 3 below, so as to realize the positioning of the balun component 232 and the feeding network 3, so that the first feed line 23211 in the first feeding balun 2321 can be connected with the first feed point 311 in the feeding network 3 below through the first connection point 232111, and the first balanced balun 23213 in the first feeding balun 2321 can be connected with the ground plate 32 in the feeding network 3 below through the third connection point 232132; the second feed line 23221 in the second feeding balun 2322 may be connected with the second feeding point 312 in the feeding network 3 below through a fourth connection point 232211, and the second balancing balun 23223 in the second feeding balun 2322 may be connected with the ground plate 32 in the feeding network 3 below through a sixth connection point 232232. Thereby, the antenna radiating elements 231 may be connected to the respective feeding network 3 via the balun component 232.
Thus, the rf signal passes through the second polarization port 22, passes through the transmission line 31, and finally provides the rf signal to the first feeding balun 2321 through the first feeding point 311; then, the first feed line 23211 in the first feed balun 2321 couples the radio frequency signal coming from the first feed point 311 to the first balanced balun 23213, and the first balanced balun 23213 is connected to the antenna radiation element 231 through the second connection point 232131 to form a dipole antenna model, so as to radiate the coupled radio frequency signal.
Similarly, the radio frequency signal passes through the first polarized port 21, passes through the transmission line 31, and finally, the radio frequency signal is provided to the second feeding balun 2322 through the second feeding point 312, then, the second feeding line 23221 in the second feeding balun 2322 couples the radio frequency signal coming from the second feeding point 312 to the second balanced balun 23223, and the second balanced balun 23223 is connected to the antenna radiation unit 231 through the fifth connection point 232231 to form a dipole antenna model, so as to radiate the coupled radio frequency signal.
In addition, for each antenna array 2 in the antenna, a radio frequency signal passes through the first polarization port 21, the first feeding point 311 in the feeding network 3 provides radio frequency excitation to the first feeding balun 2321, the second feeding point 312 in the feeding network 3 provides radio frequency excitation to the second feeding balun 2322, and the first feeding balun 2321 and the second feeding balun 2322 are coupled to the antenna radiation units 231, so that each antenna radiation unit 231 in the antenna array 2 receives radio frequency signals with equal amplitude and same phase from the first polarization port 21 at the same time, and signals radiated outwards by the plurality of antenna radiation units 231 in the antenna array 2 are superposed with each other, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna array 2
The number of times, that is,
where n is the number of array elements included in the antenna array 2. Therefore, a user can set the number of the array elements in the single antenna array 2 according to the requirement of gain, and theoretically, the gain can be improved by 3dB every time the number of the array elements in the single antenna array 2 is doubled.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna includes two antenna arrays 2, and each antenna array 2 includes two array elements, so that the gain of each antenna array 2 is increased by 1 time.
For example, if the number of the array elements in each antenna array 2 in the antenna is 4, the gain will be improved by 6 dB; the gain is increased by 12dB if the number of elements in each antenna array 2 in the antenna is 16.
Returning to fig. 1, since the first feeding line 23211 needs to couple a radio frequency signal with a certain frequency to the first balanced balun 23212, at this time, the first feeding line 23211 is equivalent to a monopole antenna, and an ideal monopole antenna needs to be located at
The most effective radiation of the rf signal can be achieved, and therefore, the distance between the antenna radiation unit 231 and the corresponding feed network 3 (i.e. the distance between the center point of the antenna radiation unit 231 and the center point of the corresponding feed network 3) is equal to
Wherein, in the debugging process of the actual antenna model, due to the influence of the floor size and the surrounding environment of the antenna,
may be slightly different, for example, in practical commissioning, the distance between the antenna radiating element 231 and the corresponding feed network 3 is
Within the range.
Thus, copper is coated on the second base material 23212 and the third base material 23222 and copper is addedThe detent groove can enable the balun component 232 to be designed, thereby enabling antenna performance. In the antenna, the balun component 232 plays a role in providing a radio frequency signal for the antenna radiation patch 23212, and also plays a role in supporting the antenna radiation patch 2312 and the feed network 3, so that no redundant structure is needed, and the antenna is convenient to assemble. In addition, the distance between the antenna radiation unit 231 and the corresponding feed network 3 is equal to
Thus, the antenna also has a low profile (wherein the height of the profile is
) The characteristics of (1).
In the above technical solution, each antenna array includes a first polarization port and a second polarization port, and the first polarization port and the second polarization port are respectively connected to each array element in the antenna array, so that each array element in the antenna array can radiate out radio frequency signals from the first polarization port and the second polarization port corresponding to different polarization directions, thereby obtaining two linear polarization waves in different directions, and making the antenna have good cross polarization characteristics, thereby implementing a dual-polarization antenna. In addition, the two linear polarization waves are radiated by the same array element, namely, the linear polarization waves are radiated with the same aperture, and the non-traditional dual-polarization antenna needs to realize dual polarization by two array elements (namely, one array element is responsible for one polarization). In addition, the antenna adopts a multi-antenna array and is provided with two polarized ports, so that not only can the antenna gain be improved, but also the bandwidth resources can be more effectively utilized, the frequency spectrum utilization rate is improved, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
In addition, in order to obtain good pattern performance and enhance the supporting function of the balun element 232 between the antenna radiation patch 2312 and the feeding network 3, the antenna radiation element 231 may have a planar structure and be disposed parallel to the corresponding feeding network 3, and/or the balun element 232 may be disposed perpendicular to the antenna radiation element 231.
In the present disclosure, the antenna radiation unit 231 may be provided with a plurality of radiation slots 2313.
For example, as shown in fig. 3, four radiation slots 2313 are formed in the antenna radiation unit 231, and the four radiation slots are open-hole "T" shaped slots uniformly and symmetrically distributed around the center of the circle on the antenna radiation patch 2312. Therefore, a low-frequency stop band can be realized by utilizing the plurality of radiation slots 2313, a band-stop filter with corresponding frequency is avoided, and the volume of the antenna is greatly reduced.
In the present disclosure, a radio frequency signal is input through the first polarization port 21, radio frequency excitation is provided to the second feeding balun 2322 through the second feeding point 312 in the feeding network 3, and then the second feeding balun 2322 feeds the antenna radiation unit 231, so that four radiation slots 2313 symmetrically distributed on two sides of the second feeding balun 2322 form surface currents in the same direction, that is, linear polarization waves in the same direction are formed, which is defined as polarization one; a radio frequency signal is input through the second polarization port 22, radio frequency excitation is provided for the first feeding balun 2321 through the first feeding point 311 in the feeding network 3, and then the first feeding balun 2321 feeds the antenna radiation unit 231, so that four radiation slots 2313 symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first feeding balun 2321 form surface currents in the same direction, that is, linear polarization waves in the same direction are formed, and polarization two is defined; thus, when the first feeding balun 2321 and the second feeding balun 2322 are disposed crosswise, two linearly polarized waves of the first polarization and the second polarization are distributed orthogonally, i.e., orthogonally dual polarized waves.
In addition, the radiation frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the radiation slot 2313, wherein the radiation slot 2313 is lengthened, the antenna radiation frequency is biased to a low frequency, and the radiation slot 2313 is shortened and biased to a high frequency.
Note that the shape of the radiation slit 2313 may be a "U" shape, an "i" shape, or the like, in addition to a "T" shape, and is not particularly limited in this disclosure.
The present disclosure also provides a base station, wherein the base station may include the above antenna provided by the present disclosure.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations will not be separately described in this disclosure.
In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna comprises a reflecting plate (1), a plurality of antenna arrays (2) and feed networks (3) connected with the antenna arrays (2) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, wherein each feed network (3) is arranged on the reflecting plate (1), and is characterized in that each antenna array (2) comprises a first polarization port (21), a second polarization port (22) and a plurality of array elements (23), wherein the first polarization port (21) and the second polarization port (22) are respectively connected with each array element (23), and the first polarization port (21) and the second polarization port (22) correspond to different polarization directions.
2. An antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the array element (23) comprises an antenna radiating element (231) and a balun component (232);
the distance between the antenna radiating elements (231) and the respective feed network (3) is equal to
Wherein, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the central frequency point;
the antenna radiating elements (231) are connected to the respective feed network (3) via the balun components (232).
3. An antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the antenna radiating elements (231) are of planar structure and arranged in parallel with the respective feeding network (3); and/or
The balun component (232) is perpendicular to the antenna radiating element (231).
4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein the balun component (232) comprises a first feeding balun (2321) and a second feeding balun (2322), wherein the first feeding balun (2321) and the second feeding balun (2322) are mutually crossed.
5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the first feed balun (2321) and the second feed balun (2322) are arranged in a cross-like arrangement.
6. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the first feed balun (2321) and the second feed balun (2322) are both double-sided copper-clad printed circuit boards.
7. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the antenna radiating element (231) comprises a first substrate (2311) and an antenna radiating patch (2312) arranged in a stack;
the first feeding balun (2321) comprises a first feeding line (23211), a second substrate (23212) and a first balancing balun (23213), wherein the first feeding line (23211) and the first balancing balun (23213) are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the second substrate (23212);
the second feeding balun (2322) comprises a second feeding line (23221), a third substrate (23222) and a second balance balun (23223), wherein the second feeding line (23221) and the second balance balun (23223) are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the third substrate (23222);
the feed network (3) comprises a transmission line (31), a ground plate (32) and a fourth base material (33), wherein the ground plate (32) and the fourth base material (33) are stacked, and the transmission line (31) is arranged on the fourth base material (33) on the surface, which is far away from the ground plate (32);
the second substrate (23212) is provided with a first clamping groove (23214), the third substrate (23222) is provided with a second clamping groove (23224), and the first feeding balun (2321) is clamped into the second clamping groove (23224) through the first clamping groove (23214) so as to be intersected with the second feeding balun (2322).
8. The antenna of any of claims 2-7, wherein the antenna radiating element (231) is a disk structure with a first positioning slot (2314) in the center, second positioning grooves (34) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the balun components (232) are formed in the feed network (3), opposite ends of the balun component (232) are respectively inserted into the first positioning groove (2314) and the second positioning groove (34), to connect said antenna radiating elements (231) with said respective feeding network (3), wherein the second positioning slot (34) is connected with the first polarization port (21) and the second polarization port (22) through a transmission line (31) in the feed network (3), and, the first positioning groove (2314) and the second positioning groove (34) are both fork-shaped.
9. An antenna according to claim 8, wherein the centre of gravity of the fork is formed with a cylindrical solid;
the two opposite ends of the balun component (232) are positioning insertion pieces which are respectively matched with the first positioning groove (2314) and the second positioning groove (34) in shape.
10. An antenna according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the distance between the elements (23) in the antenna array (2) is such that
In the range, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency point.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN201910888128.9A CN112531323A (en) | 2019-09-19 | 2019-09-19 | Antenna |
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| CN201910888128.9A CN112531323A (en) | 2019-09-19 | 2019-09-19 | Antenna |
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| CN112531323A true CN112531323A (en) | 2021-03-19 |
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113140904A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-20 | 西安天和防务技术股份有限公司 | Dual-polarized antenna |
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