CN107528115A - A kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator component, oscillator unit and element antenna - Google Patents
A kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator component, oscillator unit and element antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN107528115A CN107528115A CN201710661648.7A CN201710661648A CN107528115A CN 107528115 A CN107528115 A CN 107528115A CN 201710661648 A CN201710661648 A CN 201710661648A CN 107528115 A CN107528115 A CN 107528115A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
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Abstract
A kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator component, including radiant body and orthogonal a pair of balun support arms being connected to radiant body difference duplex feeding, radiant body include positive and negative 45 degree of orthogonal two couple oscillator arms, and the orthogonal center of two pairs of oscillator arms is provided with cross short-circuit piece;The front of balun support arm is arranged with microstrip balun along centre mirror picture, and the microstrip balun of specular forms one group of difference double-fed line, and the back side of balun support arm is arranged with ground metal layer along centre mirror picture;Oscillator arms and short-circuit piece are respectively supported at the top of balun support arm, and oscillator arms are connected with ground metal layer, and short-circuit piece is connected with microstrip balun.Difference duplex feeding is carried out to radiant body, so that the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on oscillator arms surface more tends to be completely the same, directional diagram convergence is good, and obtain high-isolation, high cross polarization ratio, and good impedance bandwidth, difference feeder line additionally by the short circuit of each pair difference line feed terminals and two-way polarization intersects short circuit, makes similitude of the two-way polarization with height.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna technical field, and in particular to a kind of differential feed dual polarization suitable for 5G large scale arrays
Vibrator component, oscillator unit and element antenna.
Background technology
Antenna for base station is in GSM, and the aerial electric bridge of user terminal and base station, is whole antenna-feedback system
The part of middle most critical, the quality of antenna for base station directly affect communication quality.With the development that 5G communicates, massive MIMO make
For one of 5G key technologies, large-scale antenna array will significantly improve power system capacity, traffic rate and bandwidth.However, using big
Scale aerial array, particularly at 5G low-frequency ranges (such as 3.3-3.6GHz that Ministry of Industry and Information is drafted, 4.8-5GHz), it will substantially carry
The processing assembling complexity of high aerial array.
Current base station antenna oscillator mainly has two kinds of forms to realize, die casting oscillator and PCB oscillators, both respectively have advantage and disadvantage:
Die casting oscillator global formation, integrated degree are high, but when being used for large scale array, aerial array weight is relatively large;PCB oscillators
Weight is relatively light, but the assembling procedure needed in antenna mount is more, and antenna performance uniformity is difficult to ensure that, production cost
It is of a relatively high.
In addition, in radio circuit aspect, the problem of in order to overcome high-frequency high-speed signal EM to disturb, generally use differential pair passes
Defeated signal, therefore antenna needs that the differential signal of dual-port is converted into single feedback letter by using balance balun with radio-frequency front-end
Number, inject antenna.It will be apparent that due to adding balance balun, the problem of impedance matching be present, cause energy to damage
Consumption, is unfavorable for the system integration of the extensive antennas of 5G and radio-frequency front-end.
In addition, the feedback of balun list produces following electric property problem:
1. single feedback signal of balun conversion, the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in two oscillator arms of dual polarization dipole, it is difficult to ensure that
It is completely the same, thus cause directional diagram maximum gain point crooked, deviate normal direction.
2. existing feeding classification includes direct feed, two kinds of couple feed.Either which kind of mode, in dual polarization vibrator
Application in, to avoid short circuit, the problem of feed Balun spatially crossings on different level occurs, more typical situation is feed
Line is one high and one low, therefore the impedance match situation of two-way polarization is inconsistent, causes the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in two-way polarization oscillator arms
It is inconsistent, the directional diagram field pattern asymmetry of two-way polarization is ultimately resulted in, the performance difference of two-way polarization is larger.
The content of the invention
The application provides a kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator component, oscillator unit and element antenna.
According in a first aspect, provide a kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator component in a kind of embodiment, including radiant body and
To orthogonal a pair of connected balun support arms of radiant body difference duplex feeding, radiant body includes positive and negative 45 degree of orthogonal two couple oscillator
Arm, the orthogonal center of two pairs of oscillator arms are provided with cross short-circuit piece;
The front of balun support arm is arranged with microstrip balun along centre mirror picture, and the microstrip balun of specular forms one group
Difference double-fed line, the back side of balun support arm are arranged with ground metal layer along centre mirror picture;
Oscillator arms and short-circuit piece are respectively supported at the top of balun support arm, and oscillator arms are connected with ground metal layer, short circuit
Piece is connected with microstrip balun.
In a kind of embodiment, the top of balun support arm is provided with boss, and the front and back of boss is provided with metal level,
Microstrip balun extends to the top of balun support arm and is connected with the positive metal level of boss, and ground metal layer extends to balun branch
The top of brace is simultaneously connected with the metal level at the boss back side.
In a kind of embodiment, oscillator arms are provided with the first party for being used for boss and passing through close to one end of radiant body central area
Groove, balun support arm pass through the first square groove by boss, and metal level and the oscillator arms at the boss back side are welded.
In a kind of embodiment, the end of short-circuit piece offers the second square groove, and balun support arm passes through second party by boss
Groove, the positive metal level of boss weld with short-circuit piece.
Adjustable narrow slot is left in a kind of embodiment, between short-circuit piece and oscillator arms.
In a kind of embodiment, wide gap is left between the ground metal layer of specular.
In a kind of embodiment, oscillator arms are provided with close to one end of radiant body central area to be used to accommodate the of short-circuit piece end
Three square grooves, and short-circuit piece end and third party's trough rim leave adjustable narrow slot between.
In a kind of embodiment, radiant body and balun support arm integrated injection molding.
According to second aspect, a kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator unit, including power distribution are provided in a kind of embodiment
Plate and above-mentioned vibrator component;
The upper surface of power distribution plate is diagonally opposed to be respectively equipped with microstrip line, and diagonal microstrip line is symmetrical above and below up and down, and
Two microstrip lines of diagonally opposing corner form one group of difference feeder line, and balun support arm bottom is arranged at power distribution plate upper surface and excessively right
The difference feeder line connection answered.
In a kind of embodiment, four microstrip line length and width all sames.
In a kind of embodiment, four microstrip line ends are provided with blind-mating connector.
In a kind of embodiment, two diagonal microstrip line ends are connected, and connected end is provided with blind-mating connector, and is connected
Two microstrip lines electrical length difference 180 degree.
According to the third aspect of the application, a kind of differential feed dual-polarized element antenna is provided in a kind of embodiment, including
Reflecting plate and above-mentioned oscillator unit, reflecting plate are arranged at the lower surface or upper surface of power distribution plate.
According to the differential feed dual polarization vibrator of above-described embodiment, because two groups of difference of a pair of balun support arm compositions are double
Feeder line carries out difference duplex feeding to radiant body so that the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on oscillator arms surface more tends to completely the same, directional diagram
Convergence is good, and obtains high-isolation, high cross polarization ratio, and good impedance bandwidth, in addition, the difference that two-way is polarized
Divide feed port, be connected in radiant body by cross short-circuit piece, while realize the short circuit of each pair difference line feed terminals and two-way
The difference feeder line of polarization intersects short circuit, intersects short circuit and make it that specific the feed form and radiant body CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of two-way polarization are complete
Unanimously, impedance match situation is also completely the same, and therefore, similitude of the two-way polarization with height, i.e. standing-wave ratio uniformity is good, side
Good to figure uniformity, the field pattern of two-way polarization is highly consistent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of vibrator component in embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of radiant body in embodiment one;
Fig. 3 is the front schematic view of the first balun support arm in embodiment one;
Fig. 4 is the schematic rear view of the first balun support arm in embodiment one;
Fig. 5 is the front schematic view of the second balun support arm in embodiment one;
Fig. 6 is the schematic rear view of the second balun support arm in embodiment one;
Fig. 7 is that the current distributing figure on magnet ring is closed in embodiment one;
Fig. 8 is the current distributing figure on short-circuit piece in embodiment one;
Fig. 9 is that the standing-wave ratio of vibrator component in embodiment one emulates schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is that the isolation of vibrator component in embodiment one emulates schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is that the horizontal plane beam angle of vibrator component in embodiment one emulates schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is the cross polarization of vibrator component in embodiment one than emulation schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is the gain curve analogous diagram of vibrator component in embodiment one;
Figure 14 is power distribution plate structure schematic diagram in embodiment three;
Figure 15 is another structural representation of power distribution plate in embodiment three;
Figure 16 is differential feed dual-polarized element antenna structural representation in example IV.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment combination accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one:
This example provides a kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator component, its have wide band high-gain, high cross polarization ratio, it is high every
The effect highly consistent from degree and two-way polarised direction figure, especially suitable for 5G large-scale antenna arrays, it is of course also possible to
For other communications bands, moreover, simple and beautiful structure, is easy to Project Realization, it is identical with existing process, it is adapted to high-volume raw
Production, reduces production cost, and electricity function index is outstanding.
As shown in figure 1, the differential feed dual polarization vibrator component of this example includes radiant body 1 and to the difference double-fed of radiant body 1
Orthogonal a pair of connected balun support arms 2 of electricity;The vibrator component of this example is made of PCB printed circuit board (PCB)s, as shown in Fig. 2
The radiant body 1 of this example can by printed out on PCB printed circuit board (PCB)s two couples of oscillator arms 11-14 and cross short-circuit piece 15 and
Realize, wherein, oscillator arms 11-14 be half-wave dipole antenna arm, and oscillator arms 11 and oscillator arms 13 are a pair, oscillator arms 12 with shake
Sub- arm 14 is a pair, and two pairs of polarization orthogonals, the oscillator arms of each pair are arranged at two in relative diagonal position, cross short-circuit piece 15
To the orthogonal center position of oscillator arms, and adjustable narrow slot 16, appropriate tune are left between the oscillator arms 11-14 of short-circuit piece 15
The size of whole narrow slot 16, it is possible to achieve good matching, reach wide band effect.
Orthogonal a pair of connected balun support arms 2 of this example include the first balun support arm 21 and the second balun support arm
22, it is connected together between the first balun support arm 21 and the second balun support arm 22 by slotting respectively to coordinate, such as Fig. 3-6
Shown, the first balun support arm 21 is similar with the structure of the second balun support arm 22, is carried out by taking the first balun support arm 21 as an example
Illustrate, with reference to figure 3-4, the front of the first balun support arm 21 is arranged with microstrip balun 211 along centre mirror picture, specular
Microstrip balun 211 forms one group of difference feeder line, and the back side of balun support arm 21 is arranged with ground metal layer along centre mirror picture
212, wide gap is left between the ground metal layer 212 of specular, and the wide gap is more than 5mm, the first balun support arm 21
Top is provided with boss 213, and the front and back of boss 213 is provided with metal level 214, and microstrip balun 211 extends to balun branch
The top of brace and metal level positive with boss 213 214 is connected, ground metal layer 212 extends to the top of balun support arm
And it is connected with the metal level 214 at the back side of boss 213.
Oscillator arms 11-14 and short-circuit piece 15 are respectively supported at the top of balun support arm 2, specifically, oscillator arms 11-14 is close
One end of the central area of radiant body 1, which is provided with, is used for the first square groove 17 that boss 213 passes through, and balun support arm is worn by boss 213
The first square groove 17 is crossed, the metal level 214 and oscillator arms 11-14 at the back side of boss 213 is welded, to realize oscillator arms 11-14 and ground connection
Metal level 212 connects;The end of short-circuit piece 15 offers the second square groove 18, and balun support arm passes through second party by boss 213
Groove 18, the positive metal level 214 of boss 213 weld with short-circuit piece 15, to realize that short-circuit piece 15 is connected with microstrip balun 211.
Appropriate corner cut and bending are carried out around the oscillator arms 11-14 of this example, specifically, oscillator arms 11-14 is close to radiation
One end of the central area of body 1 is provided with the third party's groove 19 for being used for accommodating the end of short-circuit piece 15, and the end of short-circuit piece 15 and third party
Adjustable narrow slot 16 is left between the edge of groove 19.
It is double due to forming two groups of difference between a pair of balun support arms in the differential feed dual polarization vibrator component of this example
Feedback so that the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on oscillator arms 11-14 surfaces more tends to be completely the same, and directional diagram convergence is good, and obtains height
The when good impedance bandwidth of isolation, high cross polarization, difference double-fed use coupling feed way, and couple feed adds appearance
It is anti-, the Q values of antenna are reduced, therefore, can further improve impedance bandwidth, and it is short to combine the formation difference feeder line of short-circuit piece 15
Road, realize each pair difference line feed terminals short circuit and two-way polarization difference feeder line intersect short circuit, its such as, each pair difference feeder line leads to
Short circuit processing is crossed, for the oscillator arms arbitrarily to polarize all the way, constitutes the magnetic coupling ring that electric current completely closes, its analogous diagram is such as
Shown in Fig. 7, current path is longer, and closure magnet ring adds the electric dipole that radiant body is formed, and the electromagnetism formed under the conditions of this is even
Extremely sub, compared with the SF single feed of routine couples the electromagnetic dipole to be formed, pattern beam convergence is more preferable, therefore, directional diagram
Bandwidth is wider.
Intersect short circuit for the difference feeder line of two-way polarization, CURRENT DISTRIBUTION (the excitation end when encouraging difference 1 port of feeder line
Situation when mouthfuls 2 is similar), analogous diagram is as shown in Figure 8, it can be seen that when 1 port is encouraged, total sense of current be from
Port1+ to port1-, that is, 45 degree of directions of ﹢.Although 1 and 2 port is short-circuit in cross searching, examining to send out
Existing, port2+ both sides electric current is equal in magnitude in opposite direction, port2- electric currents be also it is equal in magnitude in opposite direction, this show from
The electric current that port1+ sets out is not flowed into port2+ and port2-, but eventually flows to port1-.This is that is, 1 end
Not the reason for electric current of mouth is not almost flowed into 2 ports, and this also just explains the high-isolation of two-way polarization.
Further, since intersecting short circuit, this causes specific the feed form and radiant body CURRENT DISTRIBUTION complete one that two-way polarizes
Cause, impedance match situation is also completely the same, therefore similitude of the two-way polarization with height, i.e. standing-wave ratio uniformity is good, direction
Figure uniformity is good, and the field pattern of two-way polarization is highly consistent.
By taking 3.3GHz~3.8GHz scopes as an example, the electrical performance data figure of emulation as described and depicted in figs. 9-13, wherein, Fig. 9 is to stay
Bob emulates schematic diagram, and the road port of vibrator component two is less than 1.5 in Fig. 9, and matching is good, and uniformity is high, and Figure 10 is that isolation is imitated
True schematic diagram, the isolation of the road port of vibrator component two is more than 43dB in Figure 10, and isolation is fine, and Figure 11 is that horizontal plane wave beam is wide
Degree emulates schematic diagram, and vibrator component horizontal plane wave beam convergence is fine in Figure 11, and beam angle is between 60 °~64 °, front and rear ratio
More than 25dB, Figure 12 is cross polarization than emulation schematic diagram, and the cross polarization ratio (axial direction) of vibrator component is more than 33dB in Figure 12,
Cross polarization ratio is more than 15dB, and performance is outstanding, and Figure 13 is vibrator component gain curve analogous diagram, in Figure 13 gain be more than 9.5dB;
Therefore, this example provide differential feed dual polarization vibrator component, its have wide band high-gain, high cross polarization ratio, high-isolation,
And the effect that two-way polarised direction figure is highly consistent.
Embodiment two:
Based on embodiment one, the radiant body 1 and the integrated injection molding of balun support arm 2 of this example, then using LDS technique radium
Feed line and radiant body 1 are carved, in addition to obtaining the electrical performance advantages in embodiment one, this example also has the advantages of process aspect,
With advantages below:
1st, in light weight, conformity of production is high.By on the working of plastics of injection molding (or other nonmetallic materials)
Using LDS techniques, the integrated LDS antennas of laser carving metal radiation image hotpoint, compared to traditional integrated die casting oscillator, weight
Amount is light, and processing cost is low;Compared to PCB oscillators, assembly cost is low, and surface accuracy is good, and deformation is small, and conformity of production is good, efficiency
It is high.
2nd, solder joint is few.The integrated LDS antennas are only used for the pad of Overwelding and rewelding furnace, then no-welding-spot in bottom laser carving.
3rd, assembling is simple.In the assembling of large scale array antenna, the installation steps of whole array antenna include two steps:
One, feedings.By some integrated LDS antennas by machine or be manually placed to brush tin cream mounting bedplate or
On person's feeding network plate;
Two, Reflow Solderings.Realize that all antenna elements weld by SMT reflow ovens.
Compared with the cumbersome assembly method of current array antenna, production efficiency is greatly improved.
Embodiment three:
Based on embodiment one or embodiment two, this example provides a kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator unit, including power point
Matching board 3 and the vibrator component of embodiment one or embodiment two description, as shown in figure 14, the upper surface of power distribution plate 3 is diagonally square
To microstrip line 31 is respectively equipped with, diagonal microstrip line 31 is symmetrical above and below up and down, and two microstrip lines 31 of diagonally opposing corner form one group
Difference feeder line, the bottom of balun support arm 2 are arranged at the upper surface of power distribution plate 3 and excessively corresponding difference feeder line connection.
Four the feature of microstrip line 31 is consistent, length and width all same, respectively with the difference feeder line pair on balun support arm 2
It should be weldingly connected, blind-mating connector of the end of microstrip line 31 provided with SMA or other models, and radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end component are directly right
Insert, realize that direct differential is fed.
In other embodiments, it is possible to achieve indirect difference is fed, as shown in figure 15, two diagonal ends of microstrip line 31
It is connected, connected end is provided with SMA or the blind-mating connector of other models, and the electrical length difference of two connected microstrip lines
180 degree, i.e. physical length difference half wavelength (work centre frequency wavelength), the feed port of individual antenna becomes 2 by 4
It is individual.
Example IV:
Based on embodiment three, this example provides a kind of differential feed dual-polarized element antenna, including reflecting plate 4 and embodiment three
The oscillator unit of description, as shown in figure 16, overall assembling mode is:Vibrator component is first installed with power distribution plate 3, then whole
Body is fixed on reflecting plate 4 by screw or rivet, and in such cases, reflecting plate 4 is located in the lower surface of power distribution plate 3;
In other embodiments, reflecting plate 4 can also be arranged to the upper surface of power distribution plate 3, specific assembling mode is:First will
Power distribution plate 3 is fixed on the back side of reflecting plate 4 by screw or rivet, then by vibrator component through reflecting plate 4 groove position with
Power distribution plate 3 connects.
It will be apparent that according to being actually needed, more power distribution plates 3 and vibrator component and reflecting plate 4 can be used
Form the antenna for base station of different gains and beam angle.
Use above specific case is illustrated to the present invention, is only intended to help and is understood the present invention, not limiting
The system present invention.For those skilled in the art, according to the thought of the present invention, can also make some simple
Deduce, deform or replace.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of differential feed dual polarization vibrator component, it is characterised in that including radiant body and to the radiant body difference double-fed
Orthogonal a pair of connected balun support arms of electricity, the radiant body include positive and negative 45 degree of orthogonal two couple oscillator arms, described two pairs
The orthogonal center of oscillator arms is provided with cross short-circuit piece;
The front of the balun support arm is arranged with microstrip balun along centre mirror picture, and the microstrip balun of the specular is formed
One group of difference double-fed line, the back side of the balun support arm are arranged with ground metal layer along centre mirror picture;
The oscillator arms and short-circuit piece are respectively supported at the top of the balun support arm, and the oscillator arms and the grounded metal
Layer connection, the short-circuit piece are connected with the microstrip balun.
2. differential feed dual polarization vibrator component as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the top of the balun support arm
Provided with boss, the front and back of the boss is provided with metal level, and the microstrip balun extends to the balun support arm
Top and be connected with the positive metal level of the boss, the ground metal layer extends to the top of the balun support arm simultaneously
It is connected with the metal level at the boss back side.
3. differential feed dual polarization vibrator component as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the oscillator arms are close to the spoke
One end of beam central area, which is provided with, is used for the first square groove that the boss passes through, and the balun support arm passes through institute by boss
The first square groove is stated, metal level and the oscillator arms at the boss back side are welded.
4. differential feed dual polarization vibrator component as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the end of the short-circuit piece opens up
Have the second square groove, the balun support arm passes through second square groove by boss, the positive metal level of boss with it is described
Short-circuit piece welds.
5. differential feed dual polarization vibrator component as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the short-circuit piece and the oscillator
Adjustable narrow slot is left between arm.
6. differential feed dual polarization vibrator component as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ground connection gold of the specular
Wide gap is left between category layer.
7. differential feed dual polarization vibrator component as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the oscillator arms are close to the spoke
One end of beam central area, which is provided with, is used to accommodating third party's groove of the short-circuit piece end, and the short-circuit piece end with it is described
Third party's trough rim leaves adjustable narrow slot between.
8. differential feed dual polarization vibrator component as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the radiant body and the balun
Support arm integrated injection molding.
A kind of 9. differential feed dual polarization vibrator unit, it is characterised in that including:Power distribution plate and as claim 1-8 appoints
Vibrator component described in one;
The upper surface of the power distribution plate is diagonally opposed to be respectively equipped with microstrip line, and diagonal microstrip line is symmetrical above and below up and down, and
Two microstrip lines of diagonally opposing corner form one group of difference feeder line, and the balun support arm bottom is arranged at the power distribution plate upper table
Face and excessively corresponding difference feeder line connection.
10. differential feed dual polarization vibrator unit as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that four micro-strip line lengths
With width all same.
11. differential feed dual polarization vibrator unit as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that four microstrip line ends
Provided with blind-mating connector.
12. differential feed dual polarization vibrator unit as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that two diagonal micro-strips
Line end is connected, and connected end is provided with blind-mating connector, and the electrical length difference 180 degree of two connected microstrip lines.
13. a kind of differential feed dual-polarized element antenna, it is characterised in that including reflecting plate and such as any one of claim 9-12
Described oscillator unit, the reflecting plate are arranged at the lower surface or upper surface of the power distribution plate.
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