CN111979629A - 特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法 - Google Patents
特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，涉及纺织品加工技术领域，本发明先利用3,4‑二氟苯乙烯和4‑乙烯基‑2,3‑二氢苯并呋喃制备出一种新型的二氟苯乙烯‑乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物，将该共聚物制成纤维后与碳纤维混合后制成混纺纱线，最终经织造得到碳纤维面料；该碳纤维面料的绝缘性能好，相对于单纯的碳纤维面料来说大大提高了面料的电阻率，因此能够加工成绝缘特种服装以适用于带电作业场合，从而保证穿着者的人身安全。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及纺织品加工技术领域，具体涉及一种特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法。
背景技术：
特种服装是指那些有特殊功能或特殊用途的服装，工作时有特殊要求的场合使用，比如防火服、防静电服、阻燃服、焊接防护服等。目前，特种服装应用于很多的技术领域。
碳纤维是含碳量在90％以上的高强度高模量纤维，耐高温居所有化纤之首，外形呈纤维状，柔软，可加工成各种织物。由于碳纤维的导电性好，因此无法直接作为绝缘服的加工面料，但为了更好地利用碳纤维高强度高模量的特性，人们通过制备碳纤维增强复合材料来改善绝缘性能，再利用碳纤维增强复合材料来制备新型碳纤维面料，从而满足绝缘服的使用要求。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，通过二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物的制备与添加来改善碳纤维的绝缘性能，进而制得绝缘性能好的碳纤维面料。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，包括下列加工工序：
(1)将反应溶剂、3,4-二氟苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃和引发剂加入反应器中，氮气保护下加热进行聚合反应，反应结束后离心，抽滤，烘干，得到二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物；
(2)将上述制备的二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中配成纺丝液，采用静电纺丝工艺，得到合成纤维；
(3)将碳纤维和上述制备的合成纤维混合，采用混纺工艺，制成混纺纱线；
(4)上述制备的混纺纱线采用机织方式织造成面料。
所述反应溶剂为乙酸丁酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸正戊酯、乙酸异戊酯与丙酮的混合溶液。
所述3,4-二氟苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃的摩尔比为1-5:1-5。
所述引发剂为有机过氧化物引发剂或者偶氮类引发剂。
所述纺丝液的质量浓度为5-10％。
所述静电纺丝时的静电场电压为15-25kV，纺丝速度为0.5-5mL/h，接收距离为10-30cm，环境温度为10-50℃，环境相对湿度为15-50％。
所述碳纤维、合成纤维的质量比为1-5:1-5。
所述面料的经向密度为350-450根/10cm，纬向密度为250-350根/10cm。
在本发明中3,4-二氟苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃经聚合反应生成交替共聚物，该共聚物包含氟、苯并呋喃基团，与碳纤维经混纺和织造工艺制成的复合面料，该复合面料的绝缘性能相对于单纯的碳纤维面料来说，其绝缘性能得到了显著的提升，从而解决了碳纤维绝缘性能差的问题。
为了从碳纤维的角度来改善其绝缘性能，本发明还对碳纤维进行了预处理，利用聚乙烯蜡对碳纤维进行表面包覆，因此本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以采用以下的技术方案来实现：
特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，包括下列加工工序：
(1)将反应溶剂、3,4-二氟苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃和引发剂加入反应器中，氮气保护下加热进行聚合反应，反应结束后离心，抽滤，烘干，得到二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物；
(2)将上述制备的二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中配成纺丝液，采用静电纺丝工艺，得到合成纤维；
(3)将聚乙烯蜡加热熔融后加入碳纤维，保温混合，得到改性碳纤维；
(4)将改性碳纤维和上述制备的合成纤维混合，采用混纺工艺，制成混纺纱线；
(5)上述制备的混纺纱线采用机织方式织造成面料。
所述反应溶剂为乙酸丁酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸正戊酯、乙酸异戊酯与丙酮的混合溶液。
所述3,4-二氟苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃的摩尔比为1-5:1-5。
所述引发剂为有机过氧化物引发剂或者偶氮类引发剂。
所述纺丝液的质量浓度为5-10％。
所述静电纺丝时的静电场电压为15-25kV，纺丝速度为0.5-5mL/h，接收距离为10-30cm，环境温度为10-50℃，环境相对湿度为15-50％。
所述聚乙烯蜡、碳纤维的质量比为5-20:1-10。
所述改性碳纤维、合成纤维的质量比为1-5:1-5。
所述面料的经向密度为350-450根/10cm，纬向密度为250-350根/10cm。
本发明通过聚乙烯蜡对碳纤维的表面改性不仅能够改善碳纤维的绝缘性能，而且聚乙烯蜡还能作为纤维的柔软剂和润滑剂，改善面料的耐磨性和防皱性。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明先利用3,4-二氟苯乙烯和4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃制备出一种新型的二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物，将该共聚物制成纤维后与碳纤维混合后制成混纺纱线，最终经织造得到碳纤维面料；该碳纤维面料的绝缘性能好，相对于单纯的碳纤维面料来说大大提高了面料的电阻率，因此能够加工成绝缘特种服装以适用于带电作业场合，从而保证穿着者的人身安全。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
(1)将由体积比1:1的乙酸丁酯和丙酮组成的反应溶剂、0.1mol 3,4-二氟苯乙烯、0.1mol 4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃和0.01mol偶氮二异丁腈加入反应器中，氮气保护下加热至80℃进行聚合反应6h，反应结束后离心，抽滤，60℃下烘干，得到二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物；
(2)将上述制备的二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中配成质量浓度8％的纺丝液，采用静电纺丝工艺，静电场电压为15kV，纺丝速度为0.5mL/h，接收距离为20cm，环境温度为25℃，环境相对湿度为40％，得到合成纤维；
(3)将质量比3:2的碳纤维和上述制备的合成纤维混合，采用混纺工艺，制成混纺纱线；
(4)上述制备的混纺纱线采用机织方式织造成面料，面料的经向密度为420根/10cm，纬向密度为350根/10cm。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别之处是调整了步骤(3)中碳纤维和合成纤维的质量比，其余同实施例1。
(1)将由体积比1:1的乙酸丁酯和丙酮组成的反应溶剂、0.1mol 3,4-二氟苯乙烯、0.1mol 4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃和0.01mol偶氮二异丁腈加入反应器中，氮气保护下加热至80℃进行聚合反应6h，反应结束后离心，抽滤，60℃下烘干，得到二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物；
(2)将上述制备的二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中配成质量浓度8％的纺丝液，采用静电纺丝工艺，静电场电压为15kV，纺丝速度为0.5mL/h，接收距离为20cm，环境温度为25℃，环境相对湿度为40％，得到合成纤维；
(3)将质量比2:1的碳纤维和上述制备的合成纤维混合，采用混纺工艺，制成混纺纱线；
(4)上述制备的混纺纱线采用机织方式织造成面料，面料的经向密度为420根/10cm，纬向密度为350根/10cm。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的区别之处是对碳纤维进行了表面改性处理，其余同
实施例1。
(1)将由体积比1:1的乙酸丁酯和丙酮组成的反应溶剂、0.1mol 3,4-二氟苯乙烯、0.1mol 4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃和0.01mol偶氮二异丁腈加入反应器中，氮气保护下加热至80℃进行聚合反应6h，反应结束后离心，抽滤，60℃下烘干，得到二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物；
(2)将上述制备的二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中配成质量浓度8％的纺丝液，采用静电纺丝工艺，静电场电压为15kV，纺丝速度为0.5mL/h，接收距离为20cm，环境温度为25℃，环境相对湿度为40％，得到合成纤维；
(3)将聚乙烯蜡加热至110℃熔融后加入碳纤维，聚乙烯蜡、碳纤维的质量比为13:8，在110℃下保温混合30min，得到改性碳纤维；
(3)将质量比3:2的改性碳纤维和上述制备的合成纤维混合，采用混纺工艺，制成混纺纱线；
(4)上述制备的混纺纱线采用机织方式织造成面料，面料的经向密度为420根/10cm，纬向密度为350根/10cm。
对比例
对比例与实施例1的区别之处是以苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物替代二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物，其余同实施例1。
(1)将由体积比1:1的乙酸丁酯和丙酮组成的反应溶剂、0.1mol苯乙烯、0.1mol二乙烯基苯和0.01mol偶氮二异丁腈加入反应器中，氮气保护下加热至80℃进行聚合反应6h，反应结束后离心，抽滤，60℃下烘干，得到苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物；
(2)将上述制备的苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中配成质量浓度8％的纺丝液，采用静电纺丝工艺，静电场电压为15kV，纺丝速度为0.5mL/h，接收距离为20cm，环境温度为25℃，环境相对湿度为40％，得到合成纤维；
(3)将质量比3:2的碳纤维和上述制备的合成纤维混合，采用混纺工艺，制成混纺纱线；
(4)上述制备的混纺纱线采用机织方式织造成面料，面料的经向密度为420根/10cm，纬向密度为350根/10cm。
依据国标GB/T 12703.4测试面料的表面电阻率，表面电阻率越大，说明绝缘性能越好，测试结果见表1。
表1
| 项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例 |
| 表面电阻率/Ω | 8.9×10<sup>12</sup> | 4.5×10<sup>12</sup> | 3.6×10<sup>13</sup> | 3.7×10<sup>9</sup> |
由表1可以看出，本发明通过二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物的制备与添加、碳纤维的表面改性处理能够显著提高面料的绝缘性能，并且二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物对面料绝缘性能的改善效果远优于苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (8)
1.特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，其特征在于：包括下列加工工序：
(1)将反应溶剂、3,4-二氟苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃和引发剂加入反应器中，氮气保护下加热进行聚合反应，反应结束后离心，抽滤，烘干，得到二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物；
(2)将上述制备的二氟苯乙烯-乙烯基苯并呋喃共聚物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中配成纺丝液，采用静电纺丝工艺，得到合成纤维；
(3)将碳纤维和上述制备的合成纤维混合，采用混纺工艺，制成混纺纱线；
(4)上述制备的混纺纱线采用机织方式织造成面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述反应溶剂为乙酸丁酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸正戊酯、乙酸异戊酯与丙酮的混合溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述3,4-二氟苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃的摩尔比为1-5:1-5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述引发剂为有机过氧化物引发剂或者偶氮类引发剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述纺丝液的质量浓度为5-10％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述静电纺丝时的静电场电压为15-25kV，纺丝速度为0.5-5mL/h，接收距离为10-30cm，环境温度为10-50℃，环境相对湿度为15-50％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述碳纤维、合成纤维的质量比为1-5:1-5。
8.根据权利要求1所述的特种服装专用碳纤维面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述面料的经向密度为350-450根/10cm，纬向密度为250-350根/10cm。
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