CN111974997B - Composite manufacturing device and method for increasing and decreasing materials based on in-situ multi-laser regulation and control - Google Patents
Composite manufacturing device and method for increasing and decreasing materials based on in-situ multi-laser regulation and control Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses an increase-decrease material composite manufacturing device and method based on in-situ multi-laser regulation, comprising the following steps: carrying out data processing on the data model of the part; performing material adding treatment, namely forming a part by using a small-spot continuous laser beam (SLM), remelting and laser shock strengthening on the surface of the formed part by using a pulse laser beam; performing material reduction treatment, namely performing irradiation softening on a part to be processed by using a large-light-spot continuous laser beam, and milling the part by using a cutting tool device; switching to an additive manufacturing mode, and continuing additive stacking and forming of the next part; and repeating the material adding processing step and the material subtracting processing step until the forming processing of the whole part is completed. The invention utilizes multi-laser in-situ regulation and control, multi-wavelength laser material adding, material reducing and cutter milling integrated collaborative forming to realize the high-efficiency integrated material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing of parts with low defects, high precision and high performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an in-situ multi-laser regulation-control-based composite manufacturing device and method for increasing and decreasing materials.
Background
Laser selective melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique in which powder is rapidly melted and solidified by a high-energy laser and stacked layer by layer to form. During the forming process, the gaussian distribution of laser energy makes it easy for the laser to present a large amount of semi-adherent powder at the edges of the formed part during the melting of the powder, which not only affects the surface quality, but can even be the origin of failure of the part under load. Along with the development of technology, the pulse laser has the advantages of high energy, short acting time and the like, so that the pulse laser can be applied to the field of laser additive manufacturing. The semi-adhesive powder on the surface of the part is manufactured by utilizing high-energy pulse laser to micro-cut laser selective melting, so that the surface quality is improved. In addition, similar to the traditional shot blasting and other surface strengthening modes, the pulse laser can realize the local accurate impact strengthening effect of the part through the high-energy and high-pressure impact action of the laser. The strengthening mode has the characteristics of non-contact, no heat affected zone, remarkable strengthening effect and the like, so that the method can be used for adjusting the stress distribution of each part in real time in the forming process, and reducing the defects of deformation, cracking and the like caused by uneven stress distribution. Meanwhile, defects such as holes and cracks can be reduced through remelting action of pulse laser.
Because of the rapid melting and solidification of the powder, the internal structure grains of the part manufactured by the laser selective melting technology are finer and have higher dislocation density than those of the part manufactured by the traditional processing method, so that the hardness, the ductility and the like of the part are higher, which definitely makes the material reduction processing such as milling and the like in the composite manufacturing process of the laser increasing and decreasing material more difficult. Therefore, the part to be processed by the material reduction can be irradiated by the large-spot continuous laser in the material reduction processing process, so that the metal is softened, the processing difficulty is reduced, the cutting efficiency is improved, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art, and provides an increase-decrease material composite manufacturing device and method based on in-situ multi-laser regulation, which can perform material reduction cutting processing on a preset plane area of an additive manufactured part through switching an additive manufacturing mode and a material reduction manufacturing mode, so that the high-efficiency and integrated increase-decrease material composite manufacturing of the part with low defects, high precision and high performance is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a composite manufacturing device for increasing and decreasing materials based on in-situ multi-laser regulation comprises a pulse laser light path device, a continuous fiber laser light path device, a cutting processing device and a laser selective melting device;
the pulse laser light path device comprises a pulse laser, a first collimator, a first scanning galvanometer and a first f-theta mirror, wherein laser generated by the pulse laser is controlled by the first scanning galvanometer after passing through the first collimator and focused on a forming surface under the action of the first f-theta mirror;
the continuous fiber laser light path device comprises a continuous fiber laser, a second collimator, a second scanning galvanometer and a second f-theta mirror, wherein laser generated by the continuous fiber laser passes through the second collimator capable of focusing, is controlled by the second scanning galvanometer and is focused into small light spots or positive/negative defocusing into large light spots on the forming surface under the action of the second f-theta mirror;
the cutting machining device comprises a cutting tool, a cutting tool library, a cutting tool X-axis moving arm, a cutting tool Y-axis moving arm and a cutting tool Z-axis moving arm, wherein the cutting tool is arranged on the cutting tool X-axis moving arm, the cutting tool Y-axis moving arm and the cutting tool Z-axis moving arm and can be replaced in the cutting tool library;
the cutting device is positioned in the forming chamber of the laser selective melting device, and the cutting tool can reach any position of the forming cylinder through the X-axis moving arm of the cutting tool, the Y-axis moving arm of the cutting tool and the Z-axis moving arm of the cutting tool.
Further, the laser selective melting device comprises a device body, a forming cylinder for laser selective melting forming, a powder cylinder, a powder recovery cylinder and a powder paving vehicle.
The invention also discloses a composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials based on the composite manufacturing device for increasing and decreasing materials controlled by the in-situ multiple lasers, which comprises the following steps:
according to the attribute requirements of the parts, carrying out data processing on the data model of the parts to respectively obtain data required by additive processing and subtractive processing;
the material adding treatment, the laser emitted by the continuous fiber laser is focused by a second collimator to form a small-spot continuous laser beam on the forming processing surface, the small-spot continuous laser beam is controlled by a second scanning galvanometer to form a part, and meanwhile, the laser emitted by the pulse laser is focused on the forming processing surface by a first collimator and controlled by the first scanning galvanometer according to the obtained path data to remelt and pulse impact strengthen the formed part surface;
the material reduction treatment, wherein the laser beam emitted by the continuous fiber laser is focused into a large-spot continuous laser beam in positive/negative defocus on the forming processing surface under the dynamic focusing action of the second collimator, the large-spot continuous laser beam irradiates and softens a pre-cut metal substrate according to the preset obtained path data under the control of the second scanning galvanometer, and the cutting device performs milling processing on the parts;
and continuing the material adding and subtracting treatment of the next part, and repeating the material adding treatment step and the material subtracting treatment step until the forming processing of the whole part is completed.
Further, the data required by the additive processing and the subtractive processing are specifically:
the data required for the additive process includes: slice data and pulse laser scan path data;
the data required by the material reduction processing comprises: cutting tool path data, scan path data for continuous laser pre-heat metal, and pulse laser edge impingement path.
Further, the data model of the part needs to consider the actual situation of the reduced material cutting process, reserve the cutting allowance of the reduced material processing and optimize the feed path;
the cutting allowance is determined by the precision requirement and the cutting angle;
the pulse laser scanning path data in the material adding process comprises remelting data and pulse laser shock strengthening data;
the scan path data of the continuous laser preheated metal should be determined in combination with the subtractive machining location and should be consistent with the subtractive machining path.
Further, the remelting is used for eliminating micropore and crack defects in the part, and specifically comprises the following steps:
after the continuous laser beam is used for carrying out laser selective melting forming on the current layer, pulse laser beams are used for remelting and solidifying the solidified metal so as to reduce unmelted powder defects and heal microcracks.
Further, the pulse impact reinforcement specifically includes:
the high-energy and high-pressure pulse laser beams are adopted to accurately impact and strengthen each layer of part, so that the stress distribution of each part of the part is adjusted in real time, and the deformation and cracking caused by uneven stress distribution are reduced.
Further, in the material reduction processing step, the method further comprises the following steps:
for the surface with high surface quality requirement, adopting cutter micro milling, and enabling a cutting machining device to move under the control of a cutting cutter X-axis moving arm, a cutting cutter Y-axis moving arm and a cutting cutter Z-axis moving arm so as to mill the parts;
for the molding surface with higher surface quality requirement, the inner and outer contours of the part are scanned and micro-cut by adopting a high-energy pulse laser beam, and semi-adhesive powder particles on the outer edge of the part are cut off, so that the surface quality of the part is improved, and the shape precision of the part is controlled;
the micro-cutting is performed after the SLM is formed 2-5 layers.
Furthermore, in the milling process, the part is positioned in the forming cylinder and the position is kept unchanged, and after milling is finished, the powder spreading handle cuttings are scraped to the powder recovery cylinder so as to ensure the next additive manufacturing.
Further, the size of the small light spot is 70-100 mu m, and the size is determined by the particle size of the powder and the working capacity of the laser light path components;
the size of the large light spot is determined according to the material reduction cutting machining material, the size of the cutter and the cutting quantity, and meanwhile, the size of the large light spot preheating area is matched with the size of the cutter and the cutting quantity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention can soften metal by irradiating the cutting processing part of the material to be reduced by large-spot laser, reduce processing difficulty, improve cutting efficiency and prolong the service life of the cutter.
2. The invention utilizes high-energy pulse laser micro-cutting laser selective melting to manufacture semi-adhesive powder on the surface of the part, improves the surface quality and controls the shape precision.
3. The pulse laser shock peening effect adopted by the invention has the characteristics of non-contact, no heat affected zone, remarkable strengthening effect and the like, so that the pulse laser shock peening method can be used for adjusting the stress distribution of the part in real time in the forming process, reducing the defects of deformation, cracking and the like caused by uneven stress distribution, and reducing the defects of micropores, cracks and the like in the part through remelting of the pulse laser.
4. The pulse laser strengthening process adopted by the invention can obtain the parts with gradient strengthening and adjustable stress distribution through the change of technological parameters, the definition of scanning areas and the like.
5. According to the invention, through switching the additive manufacturing mode and the subtractive manufacturing mode, the predetermined plane area of the additive manufactured part can be subjected to subtractive cutting processing, so that the low-defect, high-precision and high-performance part which is manufactured in an efficient and integrated composite manner is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of additive manufacturing by the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the apparatus of the present invention for subtractive manufacturing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the processing of a part during a subtractive manufacturing step of the method of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate: 1-a pulsed laser; 2-a first collimator; 3-a first scanning galvanometer; 4-a second scanning galvanometer; a 5-continuous fiber laser; 6-a second collimator; 7-a second f-theta mirror; 8, powder spreading vehicle; 9-a powder cylinder; 10-forming cylinder; 11-forming a part; 12-a powder recovery cylinder; 13-a cutting tool library; 14-a cutting tool; 15-a cutting tool Z-axis motion arm; 16-a cutter Y-axis motion arm; 17-a cutting tool X-axis motion arm; 18-a first f-theta mirror; a1-a small spot continuous laser beam; a2-a large spot continuous laser beam; b-pulsed laser beam; p-reduced material processing region.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the invention provides an increase-decrease material composite manufacturing device based on in-situ multi-laser regulation, which comprises a pulse laser path device, a continuous fiber laser path device, a cutting device and a laser selective melting device; the invention utilizes multi-laser in-situ regulation and control, multi-wavelength laser material adding, material reducing and cutter milling integrated collaborative forming to realize the high-efficiency integrated material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing of parts with low defects, high precision and high performance.
Further, the pulse laser light path device comprises a pulse laser 1, a first collimator 2, a first scanning galvanometer 3 and a first f-theta mirror 18, wherein laser generated by the pulse laser 1 passes through the first collimator 2, is controlled by the first scanning galvanometer 3 and is focused on a forming surface under the action of the first f-theta mirror 18.
Further, the continuous fiber laser light path device comprises a continuous fiber laser 5, a second collimator 6, a second scanning galvanometer 4 and a second f-theta mirror 7, wherein laser generated by the continuous fiber laser 5 passes through the second collimator 6 with adjustable focus, is controlled by the second scanning galvanometer 4, and is focused into a small light spot or focused into a large light spot with positive/negative defocus on a forming surface under the action of the second f-theta mirror 7.
In the present embodiment, the cutting device includes a cutting tool 14, a cutting tool magazine 13, and a cutting tool Z-axis moving arm 15, a cutting tool Y-axis moving arm 16, and a cutting tool X-axis moving arm 17, and the cutting tool 14 is disposed on the cutting tool Z-axis moving arm 15, the cutting tool Y-axis moving arm 16, and the cutting tool X-axis moving arm 17, and the cutting tool 14 can be replaced in the cutting tool magazine 13, completing a specific cutting step.
The laser selective melting device comprises a device body, a forming cylinder 10 for laser selective melting forming, a powder cylinder 9, a powder recovery cylinder 12 and a powder paving vehicle 8; the powder spreading vehicle 8 is arranged in the device body, one end of the powder spreading vehicle is slidably fixed on one surface, and the bottom of the powder spreading vehicle is parallel to the forming cylinder 10; the powder cylinder 9 is arranged at the bottom of the device body.
Further, the cutting device is positioned in the laser selective melting forming chamber, and the cutting tool 14 can reach any position of the forming cylinder through the cutting tool X-axis moving arm 17, the cutting tool Y-axis moving arm 16 and the cutting tool Z-axis moving arm 15.
In the present embodiment, the pulse laser beam B generated through the pulse laser light path means, and the small-spot continuous laser beam A1 or the large-spot continuous laser beam A2 generated through the continuous fiber laser light path means are focused on the forming cylinder 10,
the invention also provides a manufacturing method based on the manufacturing device, as shown in fig. 1, the composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out data processing on a data model of the part according to attribute requirements of the part to respectively obtain slice data, pulse laser scanning path data and cutting tool path data, continuous laser preheating metal scanning path data and pulse laser edge impact path required by material reduction processing.
The data model of the part needs to consider the actual situation of the reduced material cutting process, reserves the cutting allowance of the reduced material processing and optimizes the feed path; the cutting allowance is determined by the precision requirement and the cutting angle;
in this embodiment, the pulse laser scanning path data in the additive processing includes remelting data and pulse laser shock strengthening data, where the pulse laser shock strengthening data may be defined according to stress concentration conditions of different positions;
the scan path data of the continuous laser preheated metal should be determined in combination with the subtractive machining location and should be consistent with the subtractive machining path.
S2, material adding treatment, as shown in FIG. 2, laser emitted by the continuous fiber laser 5 is focused by a second collimator 6 to form a small-spot continuous laser beam A1 on a forming processing surface, the small-spot continuous laser beam A1 is subjected to SLM forming of a part under the control of a second scanning galvanometer 4, and meanwhile, laser emitted by the pulse laser 1 is focused on the forming processing surface by a first collimator 2, and the formed part surface is remelted and pulse impact strengthened under the control of a first scanning galvanometer 3 according to pulse laser scanning path data.
The remelting specifically comprises the following steps:
after the continuous laser beam is used for carrying out laser selective melting forming on the current layer, pulse laser beam B is used for remelting and solidifying the solidified metal so as to reduce unmelted powder defects and heal microcracks, and defects such as micropores and cracks in parts are eliminated;
the pulse laser shock peening specifically comprises:
similar to the traditional shot blasting and other surface strengthening modes, the high-energy and high-pressure pulse laser beam B carries out accurate impact strengthening on each layer of part, adjusts the stress distribution of each part of the part in real time, and reduces the defects of deformation, cracking and the like caused by uneven stress distribution;
in the embodiment, the pulse laser shock peening can obtain a part with gradient peening and adjustable stress distribution through the change of process parameters, the definition of a scanning area and the like;
the size of the small light spot is mainly 70-100 μm, and is mainly determined by the particle size of the powder and the working capacity of the laser light path component, and in this embodiment, the minimum limit light spot size which can be achieved by the laser light path component is adopted.
S3, material reduction treatment, namely under the dynamic focusing action of a second collimator 6, laser beams emitted by a continuous fiber laser 5 are positively/negatively defocused into large-spot continuous laser beams A2 on the forming processing surface, and are treated in a material reduction processing area P, the large-spot continuous laser beams A2 are used for carrying out irradiation softening on a metal matrix subjected to pre-cutting processing according to scanning path data of continuous laser preheating metal under the control of a second scanning galvanometer 4, and a cutting processing device is used for carrying out milling processing on parts; for the surface with high surface quality requirement, a cutter micro-milling is adopted, and a cutting device moves under the control of a cutting cutter X-axis moving arm 17, a cutting cutter Y-axis moving arm 16 and a cutting cutter Z-axis moving arm 15 to mill parts; for the molding surface with higher surface quality requirement, the high-energy pulse laser beam B is adopted to scan and micro-cut the inner and outer contours of the part, and semi-adhesive powder particles on the outer edge of the part are cut off, so that the surface quality of the part is improved, and the shape accuracy of the part is controlled.
The large-spot continuous laser beam A2 is mainly used for preheating and softening metal to be cut in the material reduction manufacturing process, and smaller large-spot size can be properly adopted for cutting materials with high melting points so as to improve the spot energy density; the large light spot size is determined according to the material reduction cutting machining material, the cutter size and the cutting quantity, and meanwhile, the size of a preheating area with the large light spot size is matched with the cutter size and the cutting quantity.
In the embodiment, the micro-cutting is performed to the profile after 2-5 layers are formed by melting in a laser selective area, so that semi-adhesive powder is removed, and the forming efficiency is improved while the precision requirement is ensured.
During the milling process, the parts in the forming cylinder should keep the position still, and after milling, the powder spreading trolley 8 should scrape the cuttings into the powder recovery cylinder 12 and spread and compact the powder so as to ensure the next additive manufacturing process.
And S4, continuing the material adding and reducing treatment of the next part, and repeating the steps S2 and S3 until the forming processing of the whole part is completed, so that the low-defect, high-precision and high-performance part which is manufactured in a high-efficiency and integrated composite mode is obtained.
In this embodiment, after all work is done, the powder containing the cuttings may be separated from the cuttings with a powder-specific filter screen, allowing the powder to be recycled.
Based on the principle of original energy regulation, in the multi-laser (dynamic zooming continuous laser+pulse laser) material adding and milling reduction material composite manufacturing method, a dynamic zooming continuous laser light path can enable laser beam spots to be smaller through zooming so as to be used for SLM forming parts, and enable the laser beam spots to be larger so as to be used for softening a metal matrix before material reduction processing such as milling, the processing difficulty is reduced, the cutting efficiency is improved, and the service life of a cutter is prolonged. In addition, the accurate impact strengthening effect of part is realized by pulse laser, and the stress distribution of each part of the part is adjusted in real time in the forming process, so that the defects of deformation, cracking and the like caused by uneven stress distribution are reduced. Meanwhile, the defects of micropores, cracks and the like are reduced through the remelting effect of the pulse laser. The material reduction processing device can realize the efficient material reduction processing of the parts under the assistance of large-spot continuous laser softening of the metal to be processed. And meanwhile, the pulse laser is used for micro-cutting semi-adhesive powder on the surface of the part, so that the surface quality is improved. Through the process, the high-efficiency and integrated in-situ multi-laser material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing of the parts with low defects, high precision and high performance is realized.
It should also be noted that in this specification, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The composite manufacturing method for the material increasing and decreasing based on the composite manufacturing device for the material increasing and decreasing based on the in-situ multi-laser regulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to the attribute requirements of the parts, carrying out data processing on the data model of the parts to respectively obtain data required by additive processing and subtractive processing;
the material adding treatment, the laser emitted by the continuous fiber laser is focused by a second collimator to form a small-spot continuous laser beam on the forming processing surface, the small-spot continuous laser beam is controlled by a second scanning galvanometer to form a part, and meanwhile, the laser emitted by the pulse laser is focused on the forming processing surface by a first collimator and controlled by the first scanning galvanometer according to the obtained path data to remelt and pulse impact strengthen the formed part surface; the remelting is used for eliminating micropore and crack defects in the part, and specifically comprises the following steps: after the continuous laser beam is used for carrying out laser selective melting forming on the current layer, pulse laser beams are used for remelting and solidifying solidified metal so as to reduce unmelted powder defects and heal microcracks; the pulse impact reinforcement specifically comprises the following steps: accurate impact reinforcement of high-energy and high-pressure pulse laser beams on each layer of part is adopted, stress distribution of each part of the part is adjusted in real time, and deformation and cracking caused by uneven stress distribution are reduced;
the material reduction treatment, wherein the laser beam emitted by the continuous fiber laser is focused into a large-spot continuous laser beam in positive/negative defocus on the forming processing surface under the dynamic focusing action of the second collimator, the large-spot continuous laser beam irradiates and softens a pre-cut metal substrate according to the preset obtained path data under the control of the second scanning galvanometer, and the cutting device performs milling processing on the parts; for the surface with high surface quality requirement, adopting cutter micro milling, and enabling a cutting machining device to move under the control of a cutting cutter X-axis moving arm, a cutting cutter Y-axis moving arm and a cutting cutter Z-axis moving arm so as to mill the parts; for the molding surface with higher surface quality requirement, the inner and outer contours of the part are scanned and micro-cut by adopting a high-energy pulse laser beam, and semi-adhesive powder particles on the outer edge of the part are cut off, so that the surface quality of the part is improved, and the shape precision of the part is controlled; the micro cutting is carried out after the SLM is formed for 2-5 layers;
continuing the material adding and subtracting treatment of the next part, and repeating the material adding treatment step and the material subtracting treatment step until the forming processing of the whole part is completed;
the composite manufacturing device for increasing and decreasing materials based on in-situ multi-laser regulation comprises a pulse laser light path device, a continuous fiber laser light path device, a cutting processing device and a laser selective melting device; the pulse laser light path device comprises a pulse laser, a first collimator, a first scanning galvanometer and a first f-theta mirror, wherein laser generated by the pulse laser is controlled by the first scanning galvanometer after passing through the first collimator and focused on a forming surface under the action of the first f-theta mirror;
the continuous fiber laser light path device comprises a continuous fiber laser, a second collimator, a second scanning galvanometer and a second f-theta mirror, wherein laser generated by the continuous fiber laser passes through the second collimator capable of focusing, is controlled by the second scanning galvanometer and is focused into small light spots or positive/negative defocusing into large light spots on the forming surface under the action of the second f-theta mirror;
the cutting machining device comprises a cutting tool, a cutting tool library, a cutting tool X-axis moving arm, a cutting tool Y-axis moving arm and a cutting tool Z-axis moving arm, wherein the cutting tool is arranged on the cutting tool X-axis moving arm, the cutting tool Y-axis moving arm and the cutting tool Z-axis moving arm and can be replaced in the cutting tool library;
the cutting machining device is positioned in the forming chamber of the laser selective melting device, and the cutting tool can reach any position of the forming cylinder through the X-axis moving arm of the cutting tool, the Y-axis moving arm of the cutting tool and the Z-axis moving arm of the cutting tool;
the laser selective melting device comprises a device body, a forming cylinder for laser selective melting forming, a powder cylinder, a powder recovery cylinder and a powder paving vehicle.
2. The composite manufacturing method of increasing and decreasing material according to claim 1, wherein the data required for the additive processing and the subtractive processing are specifically:
the data required for the additive process includes: slice data and pulse laser scan path data;
the data required by the material reduction processing comprises: cutting tool path data, scan path data for continuous laser pre-heat metal, and pulse laser edge impingement path.
3. The composite manufacturing method of increasing and decreasing materials according to claim 2, wherein the data model of the part needs to consider the actual condition of the material reduction cutting process, reserve the cutting allowance of the material reduction process and optimize the feed path;
the cutting allowance is determined by the precision requirement and the cutting angle;
the pulse laser scanning path data in the material adding process comprises remelting data and pulse laser shock strengthening data;
and the scanning path data of the continuous laser preheating metal is determined in combination with the reduced material cutting processing position, and is consistent with the reduced material cutting processing path.
4. The composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials according to claim 1, wherein during the milling process, the part is positioned in the forming cylinder and keeps the position unchanged, and after milling is completed, the powder spreading handle chips are scraped to the powder recovery cylinder to ensure the next additive manufacturing.
5. The composite manufacturing method of the increase and decrease material according to claim 1, wherein the size of the small light spot is 70-100 μm, and the size is determined by the particle size of the powder and the working capacity of the laser light path components;
the size of the large light spot is determined according to the material reduction cutting machining material, the size of the cutter and the cutting quantity, and meanwhile, the size of the large light spot preheating area is matched with the size of the cutter and the cutting quantity.
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